引入城市扩张干扰效应的生态服务价值化方法改进
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摘要
城市扩张在规模上对自然环境空间造成挤压,在结构上加剧生境破碎化程度,且对其邻域的生态用地有负面影响,测算城市扩张引起的生态服务价值变化应考虑其干扰效应。以南昌市为研究区,首先测算生态服务价值变化,在此基础上,考虑不同建设用地类型的不同干扰效应,测算引入城市扩张干扰效应改进的生态服务价值,深入对比分析南昌市1995～2005年和2005～2015年间改进前后生态服务价值变化的差异。研究结果表明:(1)南昌市各城市扩张斑块的干扰强度总体较高。2005～2015年间的城市扩张干扰效应明显比1995～2005年间的城市扩张干扰效应高,城市扩张的生态成本在增加;(2)城市扩张斑块干扰效应的空间分布差异明显,周围的耕地、林地和水域面积比例较大的城市扩张斑块的干扰效应较高;(3)基于改进方法评估的城市扩张引起的生态服务价值变化大于改进前方法评估的生态服务价值变化,不同的邻域组成,不同来源类型的城市扩张斑块的生态服务价值变化差异明显。研究结果有助于科学合理度量城市扩张引起的生态系统服务价值变化,并为城市扩张生态成本的测算提供科学的支撑。
Urban sprawl squeezes the natural environment space on scale,and structurally increases the degree of habitat fragmentation. In addition,it has a negative impact on the cities' ecological neighborhood,which should be taken into consideration when measuring the change of ecological service value caused by urban sprawl.This paper took Nanchang city as the study area and measured the change of ecological service value. On this basis,we probed into the interference effect of different types of construction land,and estimated the ecological service value enhanced by introducing the differentiate interference effect. Thus we compared the change of ecological service value from 1995 to 2005 with that from 2005 to 2015,and then made an in-depth analysis of differences before and after method improvement. The results showed that,the interference intensity of urban sprawl patches in Nanchang was relatively high in general. The interference effect of urban sprawl between 2005 and 2015 was obviously higher than that between 1995 and 2005,which indicated that the ecological cost of urban sprawl was increasing. Second,the spatial distribution of interference effect had significant difference. To be specific,the urban expansion patches surrounded by more cropland,woodland and waters presented higher interference effect. Third,the change of ecological service value estimated by improved method was larger than that without improvement. For the urban sprawl patches with different composition of neighborhood or different types of source,significant difference was observed in the change of ecological service value. We believe that the method and its application in the study area can aid in measuring the change of ecological service value caused by urban sprawl,and thereby provide technological support for estimation of ecological cost in the course of urban expansion.
Urban sprawl squeezes the natural environment space on scale,and structurally increases the degree of habitat fragmentation. In addition,it has a negative impact on the cities' ecological neighborhood,which should be taken into consideration when measuring the change of ecological service value caused by urban sprawl.This paper took Nanchang city as the study area and measured the change of ecological service value. On this basis,we probed into the interference effect of different types of construction land,and estimated the ecological service value enhanced by introducing the differentiate interference effect. Thus we compared the change of ecological service value from 1995 to 2005 with that from 2005 to 2015,and then made an in-depth analysis of differences before and after method improvement. The results showed that,the interference intensity of urban sprawl patches in Nanchang was relatively high in general. The interference effect of urban sprawl between 2005 and 2015 was obviously higher than that between 1995 and 2005,which indicated that the ecological cost of urban sprawl was increasing. Second,the spatial distribution of interference effect had significant difference. To be specific,the urban expansion patches surrounded by more cropland,woodland and waters presented higher interference effect. Third,the change of ecological service value estimated by improved method was larger than that without improvement. For the urban sprawl patches with different composition of neighborhood or different types of source,significant difference was observed in the change of ecological service value. We believe that the method and its application in the study area can aid in measuring the change of ecological service value caused by urban sprawl,and thereby provide technological support for estimation of ecological cost in the course of urban expansion.
引文
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[14]肖玉,谢高地,安凯.莽措湖流域生态系统服务功能经济价值变化研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(5):676-680.XIAO Y,XIE G D,AN K. Economic value of ecosystem services in Mangcuo lake drainage basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(5):676-680.
[15] FERRARI C,PEZZI G,DIANI L,et al. Evaluating landscape quality with vegetation naturalness maps:an index and some inferences[J]. Applied Vegetation Science,2008, 11(2):243-250.
[16] NG C N,XIE Y J,YU X J. Integrating landscape connectivity into the evaluation of ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation and its implications for landscape planning[J].Applied Geography,2013,42(4):1-12.
[17] JACOBS L, HOULAHAN J E. Adjacent land-use affects amphibian community composition and species richness in managed forests in New Brunswick, Canada[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2011,41(41):1687-1697.
[18] EIGENBROD F,ARMSWORTH P R,ANDERSON B J,et al.The impact of proxy-based methods on mapping the distribution of ecosystem services[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,47(2):377-385.
[19] HARDT E,PEREIRA-SILVA E F L,SANTOS R F D,et al.The in fluence of natural and anthropogenic landscapes on edge effects[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2013,120(6):59-69.
[20] DU N R,OTTENS H,SLIUZAS R. Spatial impact of urban expansion on surface water bodies—A case study of Wuhan,China[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2010,94(3):175-185.
[21] LIU S,DONG Y,DENG L,et al. Forest fragmentation and landscape connectivity change associated with road network extension and city expansion:A case study in the Lancang River Valley[J]. Ecological Indicators,2014,36(36):160-168.
[22] NG C N,XIE Y J,YU X J. Measuring the spatio-temporal variation of habitat isolation due to rapid urbanization:A case study of the Shenzhen River cross-boundary catchment,China[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2011,103(1):44-54.
[23] XUN B,YU D,LIU Y,et al. Quantifying isolation effect of urban growth on key ecological areas[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,69(4):46-54.
[24] LIU Y,ZHANG L,WEI X,et al. Integrating the spatial proximity effect into the assessment of changes in ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation[J]. Ecological Indicators,2016,70:382-392.
[25]姚小薇,曾杰,李旺君.武汉城市圈城镇化与土地生态系统服务价值空间相关特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(9):249-256.YAO X W,ZENG J,LI W J. Spatial correlation characteristics of urbanization and land ecosystem service value in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(9):249-256.
[2]傅伯杰,吕一河,陈利顶,等.国际景观生态学研究新进展[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):798-804.FU B J,LU Y H,CHEN L D,et al. The latest progress of landscape ecology in the world[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(2):798-804.
[3] CAI X,WU Z,CHENG J. Using kernel density estimation to assess the spatial pattern of road density and its impact on landscape fragmentation[J]. International Journal of Geographical Information Science,2013,27(2):222-230.
[4] CAMACHOVALDEZ V,RUIZLUNA A,GHERMANDI A,et al. Effects of land use changes on the ecosystem service values of coastal wetlands[J]. Environmental Management,2014, 54(4):852-864.
[5]焦利民,肖丰涛,许刚,等.武汉都市区绿地破碎化格局对城市扩张的时空响应[J].资源科学,2015,37(8):1650-1660.JIAO L M,XIAO F T,XU G,et al. Spatial-temporal response of green land fragmentation patterns to urban expansion in Wuhan metropolitan area[J]. Resources Science,2015, 37(8):1650-1660.
[6]李建国,王欢,王净,等.基于线性拟合的城市化过程对陆地生态系统生产能力的影响——以江苏省为例[J].资源科学,2018,40(1):32-43.LI J G,WANG H,WANG J,et al. Impact of urbanization on terrestrial ecosystem production using linear modeling for Jiangsu[J]. Resources Science,2018,40(1):32-43.
[7]赵丹阳,佟连军,仇方道,等.松花江流域城市用地扩张的生态环境效应[J].地理研究,2017,36(1):74-84.ZHAO D Y,TONG L J,CHOU F D,et al. Eco-environment effect of urban expansion in Songhua river basin[J]. Geographical Research,2017,36(1):74-84.
[8] FISHER B, TURNER R K, MORLING P. Defining and classifying ecosystem services for decision making[J]. Ecological Economics,2009,68(3):643-653.
[9]谢高地,张彩霞,张雷明,等.基于单位面积价值当量因子的生态系统服务价值化方法改进[J].自然资源学报,2015(8):1243-1254.XIE G D,ZHANG C X,ZHANG L M,et al. Improvement of the evaluation method for ecosystem service value based on per unit area[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2015(8):1243-1254.
[10]谢高地,张彩霞,张昌顺,等.中国生态系统服务的价值[J].资源科学,2015,37(9):1740-1746.XIE G D,ZHANG C X,ZHANG C S,et al. The value of ecosystem services in China[J]. Resources Science,2015,37(9):1740-1746.
[11]谢高地,甄霖,鲁春霞,等.一个基于专家知识的生态系统服务价值化方法[J].自然资源学报,2008(5):911-919.XIE G D,ZHEN L,LU C X,et al. Expert knowledge based valuation method of ecosystem services in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2008(5):911-919.
[12]许倍慎,周勇,徐理,等.湖北省潜江市生态系统服务功能价值空间特征[J].生态学报,2011,31(24):7379-7387.XU B S,ZHOU Y,XU L,et al. Spatial characteristics analysis of ecological system service value in Qianjiang city of Hubei province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2011,31(24):7379-7387.
[13]谢高地,肖玉,甄霖,等.我国粮食生产的生态服务价值研究[J].中国生态农业学报,2005,13(3):10-13.XIE G D,XIAO Y,ZHEN L,et al. Study on ecosystem services value of food production in China[J]. Chinese Journal of EcoAgriculture,2005,13(3):10-13.
[14]肖玉,谢高地,安凯.莽措湖流域生态系统服务功能经济价值变化研究[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(5):676-680.XIAO Y,XIE G D,AN K. Economic value of ecosystem services in Mangcuo lake drainage basin[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(5):676-680.
[15] FERRARI C,PEZZI G,DIANI L,et al. Evaluating landscape quality with vegetation naturalness maps:an index and some inferences[J]. Applied Vegetation Science,2008, 11(2):243-250.
[16] NG C N,XIE Y J,YU X J. Integrating landscape connectivity into the evaluation of ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation and its implications for landscape planning[J].Applied Geography,2013,42(4):1-12.
[17] JACOBS L, HOULAHAN J E. Adjacent land-use affects amphibian community composition and species richness in managed forests in New Brunswick, Canada[J]. Canadian Journal of Forest Research,2011,41(41):1687-1697.
[18] EIGENBROD F,ARMSWORTH P R,ANDERSON B J,et al.The impact of proxy-based methods on mapping the distribution of ecosystem services[J]. Journal of Applied Ecology,2010,47(2):377-385.
[19] HARDT E,PEREIRA-SILVA E F L,SANTOS R F D,et al.The in fluence of natural and anthropogenic landscapes on edge effects[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2013,120(6):59-69.
[20] DU N R,OTTENS H,SLIUZAS R. Spatial impact of urban expansion on surface water bodies—A case study of Wuhan,China[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2010,94(3):175-185.
[21] LIU S,DONG Y,DENG L,et al. Forest fragmentation and landscape connectivity change associated with road network extension and city expansion:A case study in the Lancang River Valley[J]. Ecological Indicators,2014,36(36):160-168.
[22] NG C N,XIE Y J,YU X J. Measuring the spatio-temporal variation of habitat isolation due to rapid urbanization:A case study of the Shenzhen River cross-boundary catchment,China[J]. Landscape&Urban Planning,2011,103(1):44-54.
[23] XUN B,YU D,LIU Y,et al. Quantifying isolation effect of urban growth on key ecological areas[J]. Ecological Engineering,2014,69(4):46-54.
[24] LIU Y,ZHANG L,WEI X,et al. Integrating the spatial proximity effect into the assessment of changes in ecosystem services for biodiversity conservation[J]. Ecological Indicators,2016,70:382-392.
[25]姚小薇,曾杰,李旺君.武汉城市圈城镇化与土地生态系统服务价值空间相关特征[J].农业工程学报,2015,31(9):249-256.YAO X W,ZENG J,LI W J. Spatial correlation characteristics of urbanization and land ecosystem service value in Wuhan Urban Agglomeration[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(Transactions of the CSAE),2015,31(9):249-256.
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