重庆市主体功能区识别的主导因素与空间稳定性约束机理
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摘要
主体功能区规划已上升为国家制度和战略,对中国长期空间发展格局优化与再组织将发挥积极的引导和约束作用。从地域性角度出发,探寻主体功能区发生性(形成与演化)和反馈性(识别与规划)时空机理与规律是地理学具有时代意义的重要科学问题。以重庆市为例,通过国土空间开发条件综合评价,识别了主体功能区划分的适宜性空间格局。基于对西南山区发展约束条件的基本认识,提出了地域主体功能空间分异的主导性约束假设,设定地形和区位为原生性主导因素,验证了其与区划指标系统的定量关联性,以此为基础解析了主导因素约束机理并提出了地域主体功能区的空间稳定性机制。研究发现:①开发与保护适宜性识别结果的格局指向清晰。城市化适宜的区域主要集中于都市区和部分周边区县,区域副中心(万州和黔江)适宜性也相对较高。生态保护适宜的区域集中于渝东北秦巴山区及部分三峡库区区县,同时包括渝东南武陵山区所在区县。②地形和区位因子在本区域对主体功能区的识别与形成具有主导约束作用。回归分析显示,主体功能区划指标与地形因子相关性水平达到显著的超过70%,区位因子超过40%;两者综合后与区划标志变量(A、B指数)的相线性相关拟合度R2均超过0.8;地理探测器发现,地形和区位因子对区划指标的约束性分别有9个和7个达到0.05显著性水平,对A、B指数的解释度分别约为70%和60%,两者叠加后,约束水平全部达到显著,对A、B指数的解释度在90%左右。③空间稳定性机制表现为两个方面,其一是基于主导因素约束的稳定性传递机制,称为客观稳定性;其二是基于指标体系的局域相对性和算法的内部抵消机制,称为主观稳定性。两种机制的协同性验证了区划技术系统的地域适应性和科学性。
Having arisen as a national strategy and institution, the Major Function Zones Planning(MFZP) will play an active role in guiding and restraining China's long-term spatial development pattern. From the perspective of region uniqueness, it is critical to reveal the genesis(formation and evolution) and feedback(identification and planning) principles for MFZP. This paper takes Chongqing Municipality, a typical provincial unit in Southwest China,as an example to identify the suitable spatial pattern for MFZP by Territorial Space Development Conditions Comprehensive Evaluation(TSDCCE). Depending on perceptual observation of suitable pattern, this paper makes a dominant factors restriction hypothesis,defines the topography and urban location as the dominant factors, and then validates the correlation between dominant factors and Major Function-Oriented Zoning(MFOZ) index system. Then, based on the above analysis results, it discusses the restrictive and spatial stability mechanism originated from dominant factors for MFOZ. The results show that:(1)The spatial pattern of suitability is clear in terms of development or protection. The areas suitable for urbanization are mainly metropolitan regions and some surrounding counties, and sub-regional centers(Wanzhou and Qianjiang) also have relatively high suitability. The areas suitable for ecological protection are mainly located in the northeast and southeast of Chongqing, including Daba mountain area, Three Gorges Reservoir area and Wuling mountain area.(2) Topography and urban location factors dominate the MFOZ spatial pattern in this region.Regression analysis showed that more than 70% of the correlation between the MFOZ index and the topographic factor reached a significant level, while the correlation between the MFOZ index and urban location factor is over 40%. The significant levels(R2) of correlation between the weighting index(topography and urban location) and MFOZ flag variables(A and B index)are more than 0.8; The geographic detector finds that the topography's restriction on MFOZ indicators and urban location factors on that are 9 and 7, respectively, which reaches 0.05 significant level and the explanatory degrees for indicators A and B are about 70% and 60%,respectively. Then combining topography factor and urban location factor, it finds that restriction is obvious and the explanatory degrees for A and B are up to about 90%.(3) The spatial stability mechanism is shown in two aspects: one is the stability transfer mechanism based on the dominant factor's restriction, which is called objective stability; the other is the local relativity index system and the internal cancellation mechanism of the algorithm, namely,subjective stability. The coordination of the two mechanisms verifies the regional adaptability and correctness of the zoning technology system.
Having arisen as a national strategy and institution, the Major Function Zones Planning(MFZP) will play an active role in guiding and restraining China's long-term spatial development pattern. From the perspective of region uniqueness, it is critical to reveal the genesis(formation and evolution) and feedback(identification and planning) principles for MFZP. This paper takes Chongqing Municipality, a typical provincial unit in Southwest China,as an example to identify the suitable spatial pattern for MFZP by Territorial Space Development Conditions Comprehensive Evaluation(TSDCCE). Depending on perceptual observation of suitable pattern, this paper makes a dominant factors restriction hypothesis,defines the topography and urban location as the dominant factors, and then validates the correlation between dominant factors and Major Function-Oriented Zoning(MFOZ) index system. Then, based on the above analysis results, it discusses the restrictive and spatial stability mechanism originated from dominant factors for MFOZ. The results show that:(1)The spatial pattern of suitability is clear in terms of development or protection. The areas suitable for urbanization are mainly metropolitan regions and some surrounding counties, and sub-regional centers(Wanzhou and Qianjiang) also have relatively high suitability. The areas suitable for ecological protection are mainly located in the northeast and southeast of Chongqing, including Daba mountain area, Three Gorges Reservoir area and Wuling mountain area.(2) Topography and urban location factors dominate the MFOZ spatial pattern in this region.Regression analysis showed that more than 70% of the correlation between the MFOZ index and the topographic factor reached a significant level, while the correlation between the MFOZ index and urban location factor is over 40%. The significant levels(R2) of correlation between the weighting index(topography and urban location) and MFOZ flag variables(A and B index)are more than 0.8; The geographic detector finds that the topography's restriction on MFOZ indicators and urban location factors on that are 9 and 7, respectively, which reaches 0.05 significant level and the explanatory degrees for indicators A and B are about 70% and 60%,respectively. Then combining topography factor and urban location factor, it finds that restriction is obvious and the explanatory degrees for A and B are up to about 90%.(3) The spatial stability mechanism is shown in two aspects: one is the stability transfer mechanism based on the dominant factor's restriction, which is called objective stability; the other is the local relativity index system and the internal cancellation mechanism of the algorithm, namely,subjective stability. The coordination of the two mechanisms verifies the regional adaptability and correctness of the zoning technology system.
引文
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(1)本文所指地形条件主要指高程和坡度(及其综合),不具有地貌类型含义;城市区位则主要指中心城市的辐射半径,通过欧氏距离表达。总体上,上述两个因素可视作地理空间常量。
(2)对于判别指数B,其计算方法如下:首先,设定3个中间变量,Y1∈[1,3]、Y2∈[1,3]和Y3∈[1,2],Y1、Y2和Y3共计18种排列组合,根据下列逻辑对“判别指数B”进行等级赋值:IF Y1Y2Y3=332 OR 322 THEN B=1;IF Y1Y2Y3=321 OR 232 OR 331THEN B=2 IF Y1Y2Y3=231 OR 222 THEN B=3;IF Y1Y2Y3=132 OR 221 THEN B=4;IF Y1Y2Y3=131 OR 312 OR 311 THEN B=5;IF Y1Y2Y3=212 OR 122 THEN B=6;IF Y1Y2Y3=211 OR 121 THEN B=7;IF Y1Y2Y3=111 OR 112 THEN B=8;Y1赋值规则如下:IF(PA>=8∩ED>=8∩TA>=6)THEN Y1=3;ELSE IF(PA<=4∩ED<=4)THEN Y1=1;ELSE Y1=2;斜体?Y2赋值规则如下:IF(EC<=4∩EI<=4)THEN Y2=3;ELSE IF(EC>8∩EI>=8)THEN Y2=1;ELSE Y2=2;Y3赋值规则如下:IF(LR<=2∩Wq
[2]Federal Office for Building and Regional Planning.Spatial Development and Spatial Planning in Germany.Bonn,2001.
[3]Moos A I,Dear M J.Structuration theory in urban analysis:1.Theoretical exegesis.Environment and Planning A,1986,18(2):231-252.
[4]Fan Jie.Frontier approach of the sustainable process and pattern of human-environment system.Acta Geographica Sinica,2014,69(8):1060-1068.[樊杰.人地系统可持续过程、格局的前沿探索.地理学报,2014,69(8):1060-1068.]
[5]Wang Jinbai,Zhao Min.Towards unified territory and urban-rural spatial administration frame work.City Planning Review,2008,32(12):40-48.[汪劲柏,赵民.论建构统一的国土及城乡空间管理框架.城市规划,2008,32(12):40-48.]
[6]Fan Jie.The strategy of Major Function Oriented Zoning and the optimization of territorial development patterns.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,28(2):193-206.[樊杰.主体功能区战略与优化国土空间开发格局.中国科学院院刊,2013,28(2):193-206.]
[7]Fan Jie.The scientific foundation of Major Function Oriented Zoning in China.Acta Geographica Sinica,2007,62(4):339-350.[樊杰.我国主体功能区划的科学基础.地理学报,2007,62(4):339-350.]
[8]Batty M.Big data,smart cities and city planning.Dialogues in Human Geography,2013,3(3):274-279.
[9]Pham H M,Yamaguchi Y,Bui T Q.A case study on the relation between city planning and urban growth using remote sensing and spatial metrics.Landscape and Urban Planning,2011,100(3):223-230.
[10]Fan Jie,Guo Rui.Discussing some core issues of innovated regional governance system oriented to the thirteenth national Five-Year Plan Period.Economic Geography,2015,35(1):1-6.[樊杰,郭锐.面向“十三五”创新区域治理体系的若干重点问题.经济地理,2015,35(1):1-6.]
[11]Petra T,Robert Y.America 2050:An infrastructure vision for 21st century America.Journal of Urban and Regional Planning,2009,2(3):18-38.
[12]Hall P,Tewdwr-Jones M.Urban and Regional Planning.London:Routledge,2010.
[13]Ahern J,Cilliers S,Niemel?J.The concept of ecosystem services in adaptive urban planning and design:A framework for supporting innovation.Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,125:254-259.
[14]Childers D L,Pickett S T A,Grove J M,et al.Advancing urban sustainability theory and action:Challenges and opportunities.Landscape and Urban Planning,2014,125:320-328.
[15]Fan Jie,Zhou Kan,Chen Dong.Innovation and practice of economic geography for optimizing spatial development pattern in construction of ecological civilization.Economic Geography,2013,33(1):1-8.[樊杰,周侃,陈东.生态文明建设中优化国土空间开发格局的经济地理学研究创新与应用实践.经济地理,2013,33(1):1-8.]
[16]Fan Jie,Liu Yi,Chen Tian,et al.The key strategies and innovative thinking for optimization on spatial pattern of urbanization in China.Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013,28(1):20-27.[樊杰,刘毅,陈田,等.优化我国城镇化空间布局的战略重点与创新思路.中国科学院院刊,2013,28(1):20-27.]
[17]Fan Jie,Jiang Zilong,Chen Dong.Scientific foundation and practical strategies of collaborative planning for spatiallayout.City Planning Review,2014,38(1):16-25,40.[樊杰,蒋子龙,陈东.空间布局协同规划的科学基础与实践策略.城市规划,2014,38(1):16-25,40.]
[18]Ding Sibao.Some basic theoretical issues faced with plan of major functional zone.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2009,29(4):587-592.[丁四保.中国主体功能区划面临的基础理论问题.地理科学,2009,29(4):587-592.]
[19]Wang Yu,Ding Sibao,Wang Rongcheng.Study on support system of the provincial main-functional zones planning.Areal Research and Development,2009,28(1):17-21,26.[王昱,丁四保,王荣成.主体功能区划及其生态补偿机制的地理学依据.地域研究与开发,2009,28(1):17-21,26.]
[20]Fang Zhongquan,Ding Sibao.Principal function area division and innovation of regional planning in China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2008,28(4):483-487.[方忠权,丁四保.主体功能区划与中国区域规划创新.地理科学,2008,28(4):483-487.]
[21]Liu Jiyuan,Liu Wenchao,Kuang Wenhui,et al.Remote sensing-based analysis of the spatiotemporal characteristics of built-up area across China based on the plan for major function-oriented zones.Acta Geographica Sinica,2016,71(3):355-369.[刘纪远,刘文超,匡文慧,等.基于主体功能区规划的中国城乡建设用地扩张时空特征遥感分析.地理学报,2016,71(3):355-369.]
[22]Han Qing,Gu Chaolin,Yuan Xiaohui.Spatial coupling of the urban master planning and main functional area planning.City Planning Review,2011,35(10):44-50.[韩青,顾朝林,袁晓辉.城市总体规划与主体功能区规划管制空间研究.城市规划,2011,35(10):44-50.]
[23]Ma Renfeng,Wang Xiaochun,Zhang Meng,et al.The application and reflection of major function oriented zoning in Yunnan.Geographical Research,2011,30(7):1296-1308.[马仁锋,王筱春,张猛,等.云南省地域主体功能区划分实践及反思.地理研究,2011,30(7):1296-1308.]
[24]Zhang Xiaorui,Zong Yueguang.Application of model and method in the planning of regional major functional zones:Acase study of Beijing-Tianjin Region,China.Scientia Geographica Sinica,2010,30(5):728-734.[张晓瑞,宗跃光.区域主体功能区规划模型、方法和应用研究:以京津地区为例.地理科学,2010,30(5):728-734.]
[25]Wang Qiang,Wu Shidai,Li Yongshi,et al.The application of major function oriented zoning in Fujian Province.Acta Geographica Sinica,2009,64(6):725-735.[王强,伍世代,李永实,等.福建省域主体功能区划分实践.地理学报,2009,64(6):725-735.]
[26]Mi Wenbao,Yu Xiaoxia,Li Wenyan,et al.The systemic research idea on rrgional human resource managenent.Economic Geography,2008,28(6):936-940.[米文宝,余晓霞,李雯燕,等.宁夏主体功能区划初步研究.经济地理,2008,28(6):936-940.]
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(1)本文所指地形条件主要指高程和坡度(及其综合),不具有地貌类型含义;城市区位则主要指中心城市的辐射半径,通过欧氏距离表达。总体上,上述两个因素可视作地理空间常量。
(2)对于判别指数B,其计算方法如下:首先,设定3个中间变量,Y1∈[1,3]、Y2∈[1,3]和Y3∈[1,2],Y1、Y2和Y3共计18种排列组合,根据下列逻辑对“判别指数B”进行等级赋值:IF Y1Y2Y3=332 OR 322 THEN B=1;IF Y1Y2Y3=321 OR 232 OR 331THEN B=2 IF Y1Y2Y3=231 OR 222 THEN B=3;IF Y1Y2Y3=132 OR 221 THEN B=4;IF Y1Y2Y3=131 OR 312 OR 311 THEN B=5;IF Y1Y2Y3=212 OR 122 THEN B=6;IF Y1Y2Y3=211 OR 121 THEN B=7;IF Y1Y2Y3=111 OR 112 THEN B=8;Y1赋值规则如下:IF(PA>=8∩ED>=8∩TA>=6)THEN Y1=3;ELSE IF(PA<=4∩ED<=4)THEN Y1=1;ELSE Y1=2;斜体?Y2赋值规则如下:IF(EC<=4∩EI<=4)THEN Y2=3;ELSE IF(EC>8∩EI>=8)THEN Y2=1;ELSE Y2=2;Y3赋值规则如下:IF(LR<=2∩Wq
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