中非加丹加-赞比亚多金属成矿带成矿演化及找矿潜力分析
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摘要
中非加丹加-赞比亚成矿带是世界闻名的铜钴铀铅锌多金属成矿带,其成矿具有"多期次、时空分布集中、规模巨大"的显著特征。通过对该地区各类型矿床成因、成矿时代及物质来源研究沿革以及进展的系统述评,获得了以下认识:泛非运动导致了区域性多金属成矿事件,铜钴矿化主要集中在850～640,590～530,525～500Ma 3个时期,铀矿化主要集中在650,540～530Ma 2个时期,铅锌矿化主要集中在680～600,500～450 Ma 2个时期;该地区成矿金属元素以壳源为主,主要受造山活动影响形成的高盐度热卤水分别从不同类型的基岩中萃取金属元素并在特定区域富集成矿,其中长英质基岩主要提供了铜、铀矿源,而铁镁质类岩浆岩则主要提供了钴、铅、锌矿源。此外,还对该地区各类型金属找矿方向提出了一定建议。
The Katanga-Zambia metallogenic zone in Central Africa is a world-famous copper-cobalt,uranium,lead-zinc metallogenic zone.Its mineralization is characterized by " multi-stage,concentrated spacetime distribution and huge scale".Through a systematic review of previous studies and progress on the genesis of various types of deposits in the region,this paper has obtained their mineralisation ages and material sources and the following understandings.The Pan-African orogenic activities have led to regional polymetallic mineralization events.The copper-cobalt mineralization is mainly concentrated in 850-640 Ma,590-530 Ma and 525-500 Ma,the uranium mineralization is mainly concentrated in 650 Ma and 540-530 Ma,and the lead-zinc mineralization is mainly concentrated in 680-600 Ma and 500-450 Ma respectively.The metallogenic metal elements in the area are mainly of crustal sources.The high-salinity hot brine formed by orogenic activities extracts metal elements from different types of bedrock,which are en-riched to form ore deposits in specific areas.In the process of mineralisation,the felsic bedrock mainly provides copper and uranium mineral sources,whereas mafic magma mainly provides cobalt,lead and zinc mineral sources.In addition,the paper presents some suggestions for the prospecting direction of various types of metals in the region.
The Katanga-Zambia metallogenic zone in Central Africa is a world-famous copper-cobalt,uranium,lead-zinc metallogenic zone.Its mineralization is characterized by " multi-stage,concentrated spacetime distribution and huge scale".Through a systematic review of previous studies and progress on the genesis of various types of deposits in the region,this paper has obtained their mineralisation ages and material sources and the following understandings.The Pan-African orogenic activities have led to regional polymetallic mineralization events.The copper-cobalt mineralization is mainly concentrated in 850-640 Ma,590-530 Ma and 525-500 Ma,the uranium mineralization is mainly concentrated in 650 Ma and 540-530 Ma,and the lead-zinc mineralization is mainly concentrated in 680-600 Ma and 500-450 Ma respectively.The metallogenic metal elements in the area are mainly of crustal sources.The high-salinity hot brine formed by orogenic activities extracts metal elements from different types of bedrock,which are en-riched to form ore deposits in specific areas.In the process of mineralisation,the felsic bedrock mainly provides copper and uranium mineral sources,whereas mafic magma mainly provides cobalt,lead and zinc mineral sources.In addition,the paper presents some suggestions for the prospecting direction of various types of metals in the region.
引文
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