2010年以来四川地区中强地震震源机制反演及深度确定
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摘要
2008年5月12日四川龙门山断裂带发生了汶川8.0级地震,之后四川境内发生了两次7.0级地震(其中一个是芦山地震),为了研究汶川地震之后龙门山断裂带及周边区域的地震活动性,本研究收集了国家地震台网和四川区域地震台网2010年1月1日—2017年12月31日四川地区发生的17次M≥5.0地震以及120多次5.0>M≥4.0地震的波形资料,利用波形拟合法反演了震源机制解及区域应力场.反演结果显示,位于龙门山断裂带上的地震,震源机制以逆冲型为主,鲜水河断裂带地震震源机制以走滑型为主,而川滇块体西南部的理塘断裂、金沙江断裂附近,震源机制解以正断层为主.根据震源机制解反演得到的龙门山地区、鲜水河地区的主压应力场方向为WNW、近EW向.川滇块体的巴塘、理塘等地区,其主压应力轴方向为12°左右,接近SN向,且仰角接近40°左右.本研究利用面波振幅谱特征对震源深度进行了精确定位,定位结果与中国地震台网中心(CENC),美国地震调查局(USGS),国际地震中心(ISC)等机构地震目录进行了对比.结果显示,四川地区强震震源深度主要分布在20km以上的中上地壳.龙门山地区震源优势分布在10～20km,鲜水河断裂地震震源深度在10km左右,川滇块体西南部的理塘断裂,巴塘断裂,金沙江断裂等地区,震源深度一般在5～10km范围.
Focal mechanism solutions and accurate source depths of earthquakes are important for understanding seismicity and structure of seismic faults.This work collected the seismic wavedata of earthquakes with magnitudes M≥5.0 and 5.0>M≥4.0,which occurred from January 1,2010 to December 31,2017,recorded by the national seismic network and the regional seismic network in Sichuan province.The focal mechanisms of these events were inverted applying the synthetic seismograms method.The results show that the earthquakes on the Longmenshan fault zone are of thrust focal mechanism.On the Xianshuihe fault zone,focal mechanism solutions are dominated by strike-slip.And in the southwest of the Sichuan-Yunnan block,normal faulting dominates the focal mechanism solutions.As the excitation energy of surface waves is sensitive to source depth,the surface wave amplitude spectrum is applied to determine the focal depth and compared with the results from China Earthquake Networks Center(CENC),the U.S.Geological Survey(USGS),and the International Seismological Centre(ISC).The sources of the moderatemajor earthquakes in the Sichuan region are mainly distributed in the upper-middle crust above20 km.In the Longmenshan region,seismic sources are concentrated in the depth range from10 km to 20 km.On the Xianshuihe fault zone,focal depths are confined about 10 km.In the southwest of Sichuan-Yunnan block,near the Litang and Jinshajiang faults,the depths of seismic sources are generally 5 km to 10 km.
Focal mechanism solutions and accurate source depths of earthquakes are important for understanding seismicity and structure of seismic faults.This work collected the seismic wavedata of earthquakes with magnitudes M≥5.0 and 5.0>M≥4.0,which occurred from January 1,2010 to December 31,2017,recorded by the national seismic network and the regional seismic network in Sichuan province.The focal mechanisms of these events were inverted applying the synthetic seismograms method.The results show that the earthquakes on the Longmenshan fault zone are of thrust focal mechanism.On the Xianshuihe fault zone,focal mechanism solutions are dominated by strike-slip.And in the southwest of the Sichuan-Yunnan block,normal faulting dominates the focal mechanism solutions.As the excitation energy of surface waves is sensitive to source depth,the surface wave amplitude spectrum is applied to determine the focal depth and compared with the results from China Earthquake Networks Center(CENC),the U.S.Geological Survey(USGS),and the International Seismological Centre(ISC).The sources of the moderatemajor earthquakes in the Sichuan region are mainly distributed in the upper-middle crust above20 km.In the Longmenshan region,seismic sources are concentrated in the depth range from10 km to 20 km.On the Xianshuihe fault zone,focal depths are confined about 10 km.In the southwest of Sichuan-Yunnan block,near the Litang and Jinshajiang faults,the depths of seismic sources are generally 5 km to 10 km.
引文
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Fox B D,Selby N D,Heyburn R,et al.2012.Shallow seismic source parameter determination using intermediate-period surface wave amplitude spectra.Geophysical Journal International,191(2):601-615.
Gao Y,Zhou H L,Zheng S H,et al.1997.Preliminary discussion on implication of determination on source depth of earthquake.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),13(4):321-329.
Gao Y,Wu Z L,Liu Z,et al.2000.Seismic source characteristics of nine strong earthquakes from 1988to 1990and earthquake activity since 1970in the Sichuan-Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)zone of China.Pure and Applied Geophysics,157(9):1423-1443.
Gao Y,Wang Q,Zhao B,et al.2013.A rupture blank zone in middle south part of Longmenshan Faults:Effect after Lushan MS7.0earthquake of 20April 2013in Sichuan,China.Science China Earth Sciences,57(9):2036-2044.
Guo S M,Xiang H F,Ji F J,et al.1996.A study of the relation between quaternary right-lateral slip and tip extension along the Honghe fault.Seismology and Geology(in chinese),18(4):301-309.
Hauksson E,Yang W,Shearer P M.2012.Waveform relocated earthquake catalog for southern California(1981to June 2011).Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,102(5):2239-2244.
Herrmann R B.2013.Computer programs in seismology:An evolving tool for instruction and research.Seismological Research Letters,84(6):1081-1088,doi:10.1785/0220110096.
Heyburn R,Selby N D,Fox B.2013.Estimating earthquake source depths by combining surface wave amplitude spectra and teleseismic depth phase observations.Geophysical Journal International,194(2):1000-1010.
Li Y H,Hao M,Ji L Y,et al.2014.Fault slip rate and seismic moment deficit on major active faults in mid and south part of the Eastern margin of Tibet plateau.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),57(4):1062-1078,doi:10.6038/cjg20140405.
Rubin A M.2002.Aftershocks of microearthquakes as probes of the mechanics of rupture.Journal of Geophysical Research:Solid Earth,107(B7):ESE 3-1-ESE 3-16.
Shi Y T,Gao Y,Zhao C P,et al.2009.A study of seismic anisotropy of Wenchuan earthquake sequence.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),52(2):398-407.
Shi Y T,Gao Y,Zhang Y J,et al.2013.Shear-wave splitting in the crust in Eastern Songpan Garzêblock,Sichuan-Yunnan block and western Sichuan Basin.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(2):481-494,doi:10.6038/cjg20130212.
Stein S,Wiens D A.1986.Depth determination for shallow teleseismic earthquake:Methods and results.Reviews of Geophysics,24(4):806-832.
Tang R C,Han W B.1993.Active Faults and Earthquakes in Sichuan Province(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,368.
Teng J W,Bai D H,Yang H,et al.2008.Deep processes and dynamic responses associated with the Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake of 2008.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),51(5):1385-1402.
Tsai Y B,Aki K.1970.Precise focal depth determination from amplitude spectra of surface waves.Journal of Geophysical Research,75(29):5729-5744.
Waldhauser F,Ellsworth L W.2000.A double-difference earthquake location algorithm:Method and application to the northern Hayward fault,California.Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,90(6):1353-1368.
Wang X S,Lv J,Xie Z J,et al.2015.Focal mechanisms and tectonic stress field in the North-South Seismic Belt of China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(11):4149-4162,doi:10.6038/cjg20151122.
Xie F R,Zhu J Z,Shu S B.1995.Study of different stage quaternary tectonic stress field for the Xianshuihe fault zone.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),17(1):35-43.
Xu Z H,Ge S M.1984.Stress field in the Fuyun,Xinjiang earthquake fracture zone determined by fitting fault slip vector data.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),64(4):395-404.
Xu L S,Du H L,Yan C,et al.2013a.A method for determination of earthquake hypocentroid:Time-reversal imaging technique I-Principle and numerical tests.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(4):1190-1206,doi:10.6038/cjg20130414.
Xu L S,Yan C,Zhang X,et al.2013b.A method for determination of earthquake hypocentroid:Time-reversal imaging techniqueAn examination based on people-made earthquakes.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(12):4009-4027,doi:10.6038/cjg20131207.
Yi G X,Long F,Zhang Z W.2012.Spatial and temporal variation of focal mechanisms for aftershocks of the 2008 MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),55(4):1213-1227,doi:10.6038/j.issn.0001-5733.2012.04.017.
Yi G X,Long F,Wen X Z,et al.2015.Seismogenic structure of the M6.3 Kangding earthquake sequence on 22 Nov.2014,Southwestern China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(4):1205-1219,doi:10.6038/cjg20150410.
Yi G X,Long F,Vallage A,et al.2016.Focal mechanism and tectonic deformation in the seismogenic area of the 2013Lushan earthquake sequence,southwestern China.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),59(10):3711-3731,doi:10.6038/cjg20161017.
Yi G X,Long F,Liang M J,et al.2017a.Seismogenic structure of the M4.9and M5.1Litang earthquakes on 23September 2016in southwestern China.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),39(5):949-963.
Yi G X,Long F,Liang M J,et al.2017b.Focal mechanism solutions and seismogenic structure of the 8August 2017 M7.0Jiuzhaigou earthquake and its aftershocks,northern Sichuan.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),60(10):4083-4097,doi:10.6038/cjg20171033.
Zhong J M,Cheng W Z.2006.Determination of directions of mean stress field in Sichuan-Yunnan region from a number of focal mechanism solutions.Acta Seismologica Sinica(in Chinese),28(4):337-346.
Zhang Z J,Yuan X H,Chen Y,et al.2010.Seismic signature of the collision between the east Tibetan escape flow and the Sichuan Basin.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,292(3-4):254-264.
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