一株淡水红藻的形态及分子系统发育研究
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摘要
以采自山西晋祠泉的一株淡水红藻JC1712001为实验材料,对其进行分子系统发育分析和形态特征鉴定,同时利用分子数据对其进行生物地理学研究.结果显示,该株淡水红藻JC1712001与美国、西班牙地区报道的马赫拉熊野藻(Kumanoa mahlacensis Kumano)遗传距离最近,基于rbc L、COI和UPA序列的遗传距离均为0.基于3个序列,利用贝叶斯法、最大似然法和邻接法3种方法构建的系统发育树具有高度一致的系统发育关系,JC1712001均与西班牙及美国地区已报道的马赫拉熊野藻聚为一支,支持率都在97%以上,支持其为马赫拉熊野藻,同时也表明3个基因的高度保守性.形态特征的观察也支持这个结果.马赫拉熊野藻在欧洲、亚洲、北美洲均有分布,RASP软件构建的地理起源图谱显示,欧洲类群地理起源更为古老.马赫拉熊野藻为稀有种,本文的研究结果丰富了我国淡水红藻的分布,为其系统发育和地理起源研究提供了依据.
The molecular analysis and morphological identification of a freshwater red alga JC1712001,collected from Jinci spring,Shanxi Province,North China,were performed,and its biogeographic analysis was conducted using molecular biological evidence.The results showed that the genetic distances between JC1712001 and Kumanoa mahlacensis Kumano strains from the United States and Spanish were all 0 based on the rbc L,COI and UPA sequences,indicating that the three genes were highly conserved. Phylogenetic trees based on three sequences by three methods,including Bayesian method,maximum likelihood method and neighboring method,were highly consistent. In the phylogenetic trees,JC1712001 were clustered with K. mahlensis from Spain and the United States,and the support rates were all above 97%. According to molecular biological evidence,JC1712001 is also classified as K.mahlensis. The geographical origin map constructed by RASP software showed that K. mahlensis was distributed in Europe,Asia,and North America,and the origin of European group is more ancient. K. mahlensis is a rare species,and the results of this study have enriched the distribution of freshwater red algae in China. Meanwhile,it also provided data for the phylogenetic analysis and the geographical origin research.
The molecular analysis and morphological identification of a freshwater red alga JC1712001,collected from Jinci spring,Shanxi Province,North China,were performed,and its biogeographic analysis was conducted using molecular biological evidence.The results showed that the genetic distances between JC1712001 and Kumanoa mahlacensis Kumano strains from the United States and Spanish were all 0 based on the rbc L,COI and UPA sequences,indicating that the three genes were highly conserved. Phylogenetic trees based on three sequences by three methods,including Bayesian method,maximum likelihood method and neighboring method,were highly consistent. In the phylogenetic trees,JC1712001 were clustered with K. mahlensis from Spain and the United States,and the support rates were all above 97%. According to molecular biological evidence,JC1712001 is also classified as K.mahlensis. The geographical origin map constructed by RASP software showed that K. mahlensis was distributed in Europe,Asia,and North America,and the origin of European group is more ancient. K. mahlensis is a rare species,and the results of this study have enriched the distribution of freshwater red algae in China. Meanwhile,it also provided data for the phylogenetic analysis and the geographical origin research.
引文
[1] Yang EC,Boo SM,Bhattacharya D et al. Divergence time estimates and the evolution of major lineages in the florideophyte red algae. Scientific Reports,2016,6:21361.
[2] Kumano S. Freshwater red algae of the world. Journal of Phycology,2002,38:834-835.
[3] Entwisle TJ,Vis ML,Chiasson WB et al. Systematics of the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta)—a synthesis. Journal of Phycology,2009,45:704-715.
[4] Agardh CA ed. Systema Algarum. Lund,1824:1-312.
[5] Roth AW ed. Bemerkungenüber das Studium der Cryptogamischen Wassergewchse. Hannover:Gebrüdern,1797:109.
[6] Nees CG ed. Horae physicae Berolinenses collectae ex symbolis virorum doctorum. Bonnae:Sumtibus Adolphi Marcus,1820:1-123.
[7] Bonnemaison T ed. Essai sur les hydrophytes loculées(ou articulées)de la famille despidermées et des Céramiées. Paris:Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle,1828,16:49-148.
[8] Rossignolo NL,Necchi OJr. Revision of section Setacea of the genus Batrachospermum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)with emphasis on specimens from Brazil. Phycologia,2016,55:337-346.
[9] Harvey WH. Nereis Boreali-Americana:or contributions to a history of the marine Algae of North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,1858,10:37-50.
[10] Kylin H. Studienüber die Schwedischen Arten der Gattungen Batrachospermum Roth und Sirodotia nov. gen. Nova Acta Regiae Soc Sci Upsaliensis,Ser. IV,1912,3:1-40.
[11] Skuja H. Untersuchungenüber die Rhodophyceen des Suwassers. Beihefte zum Botanische Centralblatt,1934,52:173-192.
[12] Entwisle TJ. Psilosiphon scoparium gen. et sp. nov.(Lemaneaceae),a new red alga from south-eastern Australian streams.Phycologia,1989,28:469-475.
[13] Saunders GW,Necchi OJr. Nuclear r DNA sequences from Ballia prieurii support recognition of Balliopsis gen. nov. in the Batrachospermales(Florideophyceae,Rhodophyta). Phycologia,2002,41:61-67.
[14] Vis ML,Harper JT,Saunders GW. Large subunit r DNA and rbc L gene sequence data place Petrohua bernabei gen. et sp.nov. in the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta),but do not provide further resolution among taxa in this order. Phycological Research,2007,55:103-112.
[15] Salomaki ED,Wandrans JK,Eloranta P et al. Molecular and morphological evidence for Sheathia gen. nov.(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)and three new species. Journal of Phycology,2014,50:526-542.
[16] Rossignolo NL,Necchi OJr,Guiry MD. Atrophycus,a new genus name for“Setacea(De Toni)Necchi and Rossignolo”.Notulae Algarum,2017,26:1-2.
[17] Entwisle TJ,Johnston ET,Lam DW et al. Nocturama gen. nov,Nothocladus s. lat. and other taxonomic novelties resulting from the further resolution of paraphyly in Australasian members of Batrachospermum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta).Journal of Phycology,2016,52:384-396.
[18] Evans JR,Chapuis IS,Vis ML. Adding to the freshwater red algal diversity in North America:Lympha mucosa gen. et sp.nov.(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta). Algae,2017,32:171-179.
[19] Chapuis IS,Necchi OJr,Zuccarello GC et al. A new genus,Volatus and four new species of Batrachospermum sensu stricto(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta). Phycologia,2017,56:454-468.
[20] Nan FR,Feng J,Xie SL. Phylogenetic relationship of genus Kumanoa based on chloroplaet psa A and psb A genes. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39:155-16.[南芳茹,冯佳,谢树莲.基于叶绿体psa A和psb A基因的中国熊野藻属植物系统发育分析.水生生物学报,2015,39:155-161.]
[21] Vis ML,Saunders GW,Sheath RG et al. Phylogeny of the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta)inferred from rbc L and 18S ribosomal DNA gene sequences. Journal of Phycology,1998,34:341-350.
[22] Saunders GW. Applying DNA barcoding to red macroalgae:a preliminary appraisal holds promise for future applications.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,2005,360:1879-1888.
[23] Sherwood AR,Presting GG. Universal primers amplify a 23S r DNA plastid marker in eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria.Journal of Phycology,2007,43:605-608.
[24] Necchi OJr,Vis ML,Oliveira MC. Phylogenetic relationships in Kumanoa(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)species in Brazil with the proposal of Kumanoa amazonensis sp nov. Phycologia,2010,49:97-103.
[25] Deng YY,Lu QQ,Shen DS et al. Cytological observations and rbc L,nr SSU gene sequence analyses of filamentous Bangiales(Rhodophyta)from China. Journal of Applied Phycology,2015,27:1355-1363.
[26] Kucera H,Saunders GW. A survey of bangiales(rhodophyta)based on multiple molecular markers reveals cryptic diversity. Journal of Phycology,2012,48:869-882.
[27] Sherwood AR,Kurihara A,Conklin KY et al. The Hawaiian Rhodophyta Biodiversity Survey(2006-2010):a summary of principal findings. BMC Plant Biology,2010,10:258.
[28] House DL,Vandenbroek AM,Vis ML. Intraspecific genetic variation of Batrachospermum gelatinosum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)in eastern North America. Phycologia,2010,49:501-507.
[29] Stewart SA,Vis ML. Investigation of two species complexes in Batrachospermum section Batrachospermum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta). Phycologia,2007,46:380-385.
[30] House DL,Sherwood AR,Vis ML. Comparison of three organelle markers for phylogeographic inference in Batrachospermum helminthosum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from North America. Phycological Research,2008,56:69-75.
[31] Rueness J. DNA barcoding of select freshwater and marine red algae(Rhodophyta). Cryptogamie Algologie,2010,31:377-386.
[32] Vis ML,Chiasson WB,Sheath RG. Phylogenetic relationship of Batrachospermum species(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from coastal streams in French Guiana. Phycologia,2005,44:441-446.
[33] Sherwood AR,Vis ML,Entwisle TJ et al. Contrasting intra versus interspecies DNA sequence variation for representatives of the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta):Insights from a DNA barcoding approach. Phycological Research,2008,56:269-279.
[34] Chiasson WB,Salomaki ED,Vis ML. New collections of freshwater red algae(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from historically important areas in France. Cryptogamie Algologie,2014,35:303-316.
[35] Hanyuda T,Suzawa Y,Suzawa T et al. Biogeography and taxonomy of Batrachospermum helminthosum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)in Japan inferred from rbc L gene sequences. Journal of Phycology,2004,40:581-588.
[36] Chiasson WB,Machesky NJ,Vis ML. Phylogeography of Batrachospermum Helminthosum(Rhodophyta)in North America. Journal of Phycology,2010,38(s1):3-4.
[37] Vis ML,Hodge JC,Necchi OJr. Phylogeography of Batrachospermum macrosporum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from North and South America. Journal of Phycology,2008,44:882-888.
[38] Johnston ET,Lim PE,Buhari N et al. Diversity of freshwater red algae(Rhodophyta)in Malaysia and Indonesia from morphological and molecular data. Phycologia,2014,53:329-341.
[39] Kapraun DF,Braly KS,Freshwater DW. Nuclear DNA content variation in the freshwater red algal orders Batrachospermales and Thoreales. Phycologia,2007,46:54-62.
[40] Vis ML,Necchi OJr,Chiasson WB et al. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Kumanoa(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta).Journal of Phycology,2012,48:750-758.
[41] Vis ML,Entwisle TJ. Insights into the phylogeny of the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta)from rbc L sequence data of Australian taxa. Journal of Phycology,2000,36:1175-1182.
[42] Ji L,Xie SL,Feng J et al. Molecular systematics of the four endemic Batrachospermaceae(Rhodophyta)species in China with multilocus data. Journal of Systematics and Evolution,2014,52:92-100.
[43] Nan FR,Feng J,Xie SL. Phylogenetic relationship of genus Kumanoa(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)based on UPA genes. Bull Bot Res,2014,34:584-591.[南芳茹,冯佳,谢树莲.中国熊野藻属植物系统发育分析——基于叶绿体UPA序列.植物研究,2014,34:584-591.]
[44] Garcia-fernandez M,Vis ML,Aboal M. Kumanoa mahlacensis(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)in a Mediterranean coastal wetland,a new species for the European continental algal flora. Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid,2015,72(1):e018.
[45] Li Q,Ji L,Xie SL. Phylogenetic analysis of Batrachospemales(Florideophyceae,Rhodophyta)based on chloroplast rbc L sequences. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2010,34:20-28.[李强,吉莉,谢树莲.串珠藻目植物的系统发育——基于rbc L序列的证据.水生生物学报,2010,34:20-28.]
[46] Carlile AL,Sherwood AR. Phylogenetic affinities and distribution of the Hawaiian freshwater red algae(Rhodophyta).Phycologia,2013,52:309-319.
[47] Vis ML,Feng J,Chiasson WB et al. Investigation of the molecular and morphological variability in Batrachospermum arcuatum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from geographically distant locations. Phycologia,2010,49:545-553.
[48] Ji L,Feng J,Chen L et al. A molecular and morphological investigation of Batrachospermum arcuatum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)in China. Aquatic Botany,2011,95:254-257.
[49] Kumano S,Bowden-Kerby WA. Studies of the freshwater Rhodophyta of Micronesia I. Six new species of Batrachospermum Roth. Japanese Journal of Phycology,1986,34:107-128.
[50] Traichaiyaporn S,Kumano S,Chainapong T. New record of freshwater red algae(Rhodophyta)in Thailand Batrachospermum mahlacense Kumano et Boden-Kerby. Science Asia,2004,30:313-315.
[51] Xie SL,Shi ZX,Lu HS et al. Four new reports of Batrachospermum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from China. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2003,21:148-152.[谢树莲,施之新,卢海声等.中国串珠藻属的4个新记录种.武汉植物学研究,2003,21:148-152.]
[52] Xie SL,Ling YJ. Modern geographical distribution and origin of Batrachospermales. Journal of Shanxi University:Nat Sci Ed,2002,25:149-155.[谢树莲,凌元洁.串珠藻目的现代地理分布和起源.山西大学学报:自然科学版,2002,25:149-155.]
[2] Kumano S. Freshwater red algae of the world. Journal of Phycology,2002,38:834-835.
[3] Entwisle TJ,Vis ML,Chiasson WB et al. Systematics of the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta)—a synthesis. Journal of Phycology,2009,45:704-715.
[4] Agardh CA ed. Systema Algarum. Lund,1824:1-312.
[5] Roth AW ed. Bemerkungenüber das Studium der Cryptogamischen Wassergewchse. Hannover:Gebrüdern,1797:109.
[6] Nees CG ed. Horae physicae Berolinenses collectae ex symbolis virorum doctorum. Bonnae:Sumtibus Adolphi Marcus,1820:1-123.
[7] Bonnemaison T ed. Essai sur les hydrophytes loculées(ou articulées)de la famille despidermées et des Céramiées. Paris:Mémoires du Muséum d'Histoire Naturelle,1828,16:49-148.
[8] Rossignolo NL,Necchi OJr. Revision of section Setacea of the genus Batrachospermum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)with emphasis on specimens from Brazil. Phycologia,2016,55:337-346.
[9] Harvey WH. Nereis Boreali-Americana:or contributions to a history of the marine Algae of North America. Smithsonian Contributions to Knowledge,1858,10:37-50.
[10] Kylin H. Studienüber die Schwedischen Arten der Gattungen Batrachospermum Roth und Sirodotia nov. gen. Nova Acta Regiae Soc Sci Upsaliensis,Ser. IV,1912,3:1-40.
[11] Skuja H. Untersuchungenüber die Rhodophyceen des Suwassers. Beihefte zum Botanische Centralblatt,1934,52:173-192.
[12] Entwisle TJ. Psilosiphon scoparium gen. et sp. nov.(Lemaneaceae),a new red alga from south-eastern Australian streams.Phycologia,1989,28:469-475.
[13] Saunders GW,Necchi OJr. Nuclear r DNA sequences from Ballia prieurii support recognition of Balliopsis gen. nov. in the Batrachospermales(Florideophyceae,Rhodophyta). Phycologia,2002,41:61-67.
[14] Vis ML,Harper JT,Saunders GW. Large subunit r DNA and rbc L gene sequence data place Petrohua bernabei gen. et sp.nov. in the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta),but do not provide further resolution among taxa in this order. Phycological Research,2007,55:103-112.
[15] Salomaki ED,Wandrans JK,Eloranta P et al. Molecular and morphological evidence for Sheathia gen. nov.(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)and three new species. Journal of Phycology,2014,50:526-542.
[16] Rossignolo NL,Necchi OJr,Guiry MD. Atrophycus,a new genus name for“Setacea(De Toni)Necchi and Rossignolo”.Notulae Algarum,2017,26:1-2.
[17] Entwisle TJ,Johnston ET,Lam DW et al. Nocturama gen. nov,Nothocladus s. lat. and other taxonomic novelties resulting from the further resolution of paraphyly in Australasian members of Batrachospermum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta).Journal of Phycology,2016,52:384-396.
[18] Evans JR,Chapuis IS,Vis ML. Adding to the freshwater red algal diversity in North America:Lympha mucosa gen. et sp.nov.(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta). Algae,2017,32:171-179.
[19] Chapuis IS,Necchi OJr,Zuccarello GC et al. A new genus,Volatus and four new species of Batrachospermum sensu stricto(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta). Phycologia,2017,56:454-468.
[20] Nan FR,Feng J,Xie SL. Phylogenetic relationship of genus Kumanoa based on chloroplaet psa A and psb A genes. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2015,39:155-16.[南芳茹,冯佳,谢树莲.基于叶绿体psa A和psb A基因的中国熊野藻属植物系统发育分析.水生生物学报,2015,39:155-161.]
[21] Vis ML,Saunders GW,Sheath RG et al. Phylogeny of the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta)inferred from rbc L and 18S ribosomal DNA gene sequences. Journal of Phycology,1998,34:341-350.
[22] Saunders GW. Applying DNA barcoding to red macroalgae:a preliminary appraisal holds promise for future applications.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London,2005,360:1879-1888.
[23] Sherwood AR,Presting GG. Universal primers amplify a 23S r DNA plastid marker in eukaryotic algae and cyanobacteria.Journal of Phycology,2007,43:605-608.
[24] Necchi OJr,Vis ML,Oliveira MC. Phylogenetic relationships in Kumanoa(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)species in Brazil with the proposal of Kumanoa amazonensis sp nov. Phycologia,2010,49:97-103.
[25] Deng YY,Lu QQ,Shen DS et al. Cytological observations and rbc L,nr SSU gene sequence analyses of filamentous Bangiales(Rhodophyta)from China. Journal of Applied Phycology,2015,27:1355-1363.
[26] Kucera H,Saunders GW. A survey of bangiales(rhodophyta)based on multiple molecular markers reveals cryptic diversity. Journal of Phycology,2012,48:869-882.
[27] Sherwood AR,Kurihara A,Conklin KY et al. The Hawaiian Rhodophyta Biodiversity Survey(2006-2010):a summary of principal findings. BMC Plant Biology,2010,10:258.
[28] House DL,Vandenbroek AM,Vis ML. Intraspecific genetic variation of Batrachospermum gelatinosum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)in eastern North America. Phycologia,2010,49:501-507.
[29] Stewart SA,Vis ML. Investigation of two species complexes in Batrachospermum section Batrachospermum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta). Phycologia,2007,46:380-385.
[30] House DL,Sherwood AR,Vis ML. Comparison of three organelle markers for phylogeographic inference in Batrachospermum helminthosum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from North America. Phycological Research,2008,56:69-75.
[31] Rueness J. DNA barcoding of select freshwater and marine red algae(Rhodophyta). Cryptogamie Algologie,2010,31:377-386.
[32] Vis ML,Chiasson WB,Sheath RG. Phylogenetic relationship of Batrachospermum species(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from coastal streams in French Guiana. Phycologia,2005,44:441-446.
[33] Sherwood AR,Vis ML,Entwisle TJ et al. Contrasting intra versus interspecies DNA sequence variation for representatives of the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta):Insights from a DNA barcoding approach. Phycological Research,2008,56:269-279.
[34] Chiasson WB,Salomaki ED,Vis ML. New collections of freshwater red algae(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from historically important areas in France. Cryptogamie Algologie,2014,35:303-316.
[35] Hanyuda T,Suzawa Y,Suzawa T et al. Biogeography and taxonomy of Batrachospermum helminthosum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)in Japan inferred from rbc L gene sequences. Journal of Phycology,2004,40:581-588.
[36] Chiasson WB,Machesky NJ,Vis ML. Phylogeography of Batrachospermum Helminthosum(Rhodophyta)in North America. Journal of Phycology,2010,38(s1):3-4.
[37] Vis ML,Hodge JC,Necchi OJr. Phylogeography of Batrachospermum macrosporum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from North and South America. Journal of Phycology,2008,44:882-888.
[38] Johnston ET,Lim PE,Buhari N et al. Diversity of freshwater red algae(Rhodophyta)in Malaysia and Indonesia from morphological and molecular data. Phycologia,2014,53:329-341.
[39] Kapraun DF,Braly KS,Freshwater DW. Nuclear DNA content variation in the freshwater red algal orders Batrachospermales and Thoreales. Phycologia,2007,46:54-62.
[40] Vis ML,Necchi OJr,Chiasson WB et al. Molecular phylogeny of the genus Kumanoa(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta).Journal of Phycology,2012,48:750-758.
[41] Vis ML,Entwisle TJ. Insights into the phylogeny of the Batrachospermales(Rhodophyta)from rbc L sequence data of Australian taxa. Journal of Phycology,2000,36:1175-1182.
[42] Ji L,Xie SL,Feng J et al. Molecular systematics of the four endemic Batrachospermaceae(Rhodophyta)species in China with multilocus data. Journal of Systematics and Evolution,2014,52:92-100.
[43] Nan FR,Feng J,Xie SL. Phylogenetic relationship of genus Kumanoa(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)based on UPA genes. Bull Bot Res,2014,34:584-591.[南芳茹,冯佳,谢树莲.中国熊野藻属植物系统发育分析——基于叶绿体UPA序列.植物研究,2014,34:584-591.]
[44] Garcia-fernandez M,Vis ML,Aboal M. Kumanoa mahlacensis(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)in a Mediterranean coastal wetland,a new species for the European continental algal flora. Anales Del Jardin Botanico De Madrid,2015,72(1):e018.
[45] Li Q,Ji L,Xie SL. Phylogenetic analysis of Batrachospemales(Florideophyceae,Rhodophyta)based on chloroplast rbc L sequences. Acta Hydrobiologica Sinica,2010,34:20-28.[李强,吉莉,谢树莲.串珠藻目植物的系统发育——基于rbc L序列的证据.水生生物学报,2010,34:20-28.]
[46] Carlile AL,Sherwood AR. Phylogenetic affinities and distribution of the Hawaiian freshwater red algae(Rhodophyta).Phycologia,2013,52:309-319.
[47] Vis ML,Feng J,Chiasson WB et al. Investigation of the molecular and morphological variability in Batrachospermum arcuatum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from geographically distant locations. Phycologia,2010,49:545-553.
[48] Ji L,Feng J,Chen L et al. A molecular and morphological investigation of Batrachospermum arcuatum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)in China. Aquatic Botany,2011,95:254-257.
[49] Kumano S,Bowden-Kerby WA. Studies of the freshwater Rhodophyta of Micronesia I. Six new species of Batrachospermum Roth. Japanese Journal of Phycology,1986,34:107-128.
[50] Traichaiyaporn S,Kumano S,Chainapong T. New record of freshwater red algae(Rhodophyta)in Thailand Batrachospermum mahlacense Kumano et Boden-Kerby. Science Asia,2004,30:313-315.
[51] Xie SL,Shi ZX,Lu HS et al. Four new reports of Batrachospermum(Batrachospermales,Rhodophyta)from China. Journal of Wuhan Botanical Research,2003,21:148-152.[谢树莲,施之新,卢海声等.中国串珠藻属的4个新记录种.武汉植物学研究,2003,21:148-152.]
[52] Xie SL,Ling YJ. Modern geographical distribution and origin of Batrachospermales. Journal of Shanxi University:Nat Sci Ed,2002,25:149-155.[谢树莲,凌元洁.串珠藻目的现代地理分布和起源.山西大学学报:自然科学版,2002,25:149-155.]
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