江西朱溪超大型钨矿床成矿年代学、矿物学及成矿过程研究
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摘要
位于江南造山带东部的江西朱溪钨矿,是近年发现的一个超大型钨矿床,其矿体主要由矽卡岩型白钨矿组成,产于燕山期侵入岩与碳酸盐岩接触带的矽卡岩或矽卡岩化大理岩中。为了更好地认识朱溪钨矿的特征和成因,文章采集了花岗岩和矽卡岩的钻孔样品,进行了岩石学、矿物学、岩石地球化学和同位素年代学的分析。研究表明,朱溪矿区的黑云母花岗岩具有高硅、富碱、高分异的特征,属于钙碱性、过铝质花岗岩,微量元素中Rb,U,Ta等元素富集,Ba,Nb,Sr和Ti等元素亏损。稀土元素总量偏低,轻稀土相对富集。矽卡岩矿物的电子探针成分结果表明,其中石榴子石主要为钙铝榴石-钙铁榴石端元组分;单斜辉石以透辉石-钙铁辉石系列为主。与白钨矿密切共生的矽卡岩矿物中,萤石、符山石、磷灰石和榍石等富氟的矿物大量出现,表明朱溪钨矿成矿流体为富氟体系,这有利于钨的运移和沉淀。白钨矿REE配分曲线及Mo含量变化所反映的流体性质表明,朱溪钨矿在矽卡岩阶段,总的矿化环境则由氧化向还原环境变化。利用朱溪含矿矽卡岩中榍石进行了原位LA-ICP-MS U-Pb定年,206Pb/238U加权平均年龄为153±2 Ma,结果显示朱溪钨矿的成矿时代为晚侏罗世,属燕山期岩浆活动后的产物。
The Zhuxi tungsten deposits are superlarge ore deposits, discovered in recent years in the eastern segment of Jiangnanorogenic belt. The ore bodies of the Zhuxi deposits mainly occur in the skarn and skarnized marble at the contact zone betweenYanshan intrusive rocks and carbonate. To better understand the characteristics and genesis of Zhuxi tungsten deposits, we collectedboth granites and skarns samples, and carried out research on petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry and chronology. The petrologicaland geochemical characteristics of the biotite granites are calc-alkaline and peraluminous,enriched in Rb,U,Ta,and depleted inBa,Nb,Sr and Ti. The rare earth elements are characterized by the relatively low total content with a slightly rightly-dipping REEpattern. Electron microprobe analyses reveal that the garnet is mainly composed of grossularite-andradite, and the pyroxene mainly belongs to diopside-andradite series. Sheelite coexists with many F-rich minerals such as fluorite, apatite, titantites, and vesuvianite.The F-enriched ore-forming fluid facilitates the transfer of W and the mineralization of scheelite in the Zhuxi deposits. The fluidcharacteristic reflected by the REE distribution curve and Mo content variations of scheelite indicate that the mineralizationenvironment of zhuxi tungsten deposits changed from oxidation to reduction environment in the skarn stage. In-situ U-Pb dating oftitanite by LA-ICP-MS shows that titanite from the skarn sample yields a weighted mean206Pb/238 U age of 153 ± 2 Ma. The mainmineralization event occured in the Yanshanian, which is consistent with the age of Zhuxi granites.
The Zhuxi tungsten deposits are superlarge ore deposits, discovered in recent years in the eastern segment of Jiangnanorogenic belt. The ore bodies of the Zhuxi deposits mainly occur in the skarn and skarnized marble at the contact zone betweenYanshan intrusive rocks and carbonate. To better understand the characteristics and genesis of Zhuxi tungsten deposits, we collectedboth granites and skarns samples, and carried out research on petrology, mineralogy, geochemistry and chronology. The petrologicaland geochemical characteristics of the biotite granites are calc-alkaline and peraluminous,enriched in Rb,U,Ta,and depleted inBa,Nb,Sr and Ti. The rare earth elements are characterized by the relatively low total content with a slightly rightly-dipping REEpattern. Electron microprobe analyses reveal that the garnet is mainly composed of grossularite-andradite, and the pyroxene mainly belongs to diopside-andradite series. Sheelite coexists with many F-rich minerals such as fluorite, apatite, titantites, and vesuvianite.The F-enriched ore-forming fluid facilitates the transfer of W and the mineralization of scheelite in the Zhuxi deposits. The fluidcharacteristic reflected by the REE distribution curve and Mo content variations of scheelite indicate that the mineralizationenvironment of zhuxi tungsten deposits changed from oxidation to reduction environment in the skarn stage. In-situ U-Pb dating oftitanite by LA-ICP-MS shows that titanite from the skarn sample yields a weighted mean206Pb/238 U age of 153 ± 2 Ma. The mainmineralization event occured in the Yanshanian, which is consistent with the age of Zhuxi granites.
引文
陈国华,万浩章,舒良树,等.2012.江西景德镇朱溪铜钨多金属矿床地质特征与控矿条件分析[J].岩石学报,28(12):3901-3914.
陈国华,舒良树,舒立旻,等.2015.江南东段朱溪钨(铜)多金属矿床的地质特征与成矿背景[J].中国科学:地球科学,12:002.
陈文迪,张文兰,王汝成,等.2016.桂北苗儿山-越城岭地区独石岭钨(铜)矿床研究:对复式岩体多时代差异性成矿的启示[J].中国科学:地球科学,46(12):1602-1625.
高剑峰,陆建军,赖鸣远,等.2003.岩石样品中微量元素的高分辨率等离子质谱分析[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,39(6):844-850.
何细荣,陈国华,刘建光,等.2011.江西景德镇朱溪地区铜钨多金属矿找矿方向[J].中国钨业,(1):9-14.
华仁民,李光来,张文兰,等.2010.华南钨和锡大规模成矿作用的差异及其原因初探[J].矿床地质,(1):9-23.
蒋少涌,彭宁俊,黄兰椿,等.2015.赣北大湖塘矿集区超大型钨矿地质特征及成因探讨[J].岩石学报,31(3):639-655.
李岩,潘小菲,赵苗,等.2014.景德镇朱溪钨(铜)矿床花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄,地球化学特征及其与成矿关系探讨[J].地质论评,60(3):693-708.
刘经纬,陈斌,陈导胜,等.2017.赣东北朱溪钨(铜)矿区高分异花岗岩的成因与矿的关系[J].岩石学报,33(10):3116-3182.
舒良树.华南构造演化的基本特征[J].2012.地质通报,31(7):1035-1053.
苏晓云,刘善宝,王成辉,等.2013.江西省朱溪铜钨多金属矿床几个钻孔揭露的地质特征研究及其意义[J].矿物学报,33(S2):125-126.
孙金凤,杨进辉,吴福元,等.2012.榍石原位微区LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定[J].科学通报,57(18):1603-1615.
王辉,丰成友,李大新,等.2015.赣北大湖塘钨矿成岩成矿物质来源的矿物学和同位素示踪研究[J].岩石学报,31(3):725-739.
王长明,吴淦国,张达,等.2010,赣东北地区的区域成矿特征和成矿谱系[J].世界地质,29(4):588-600.
薛怀民,马芳,宋永勤,等.2010.江南造山带东段新元古代花岗岩组合的年代学和地球化学:对扬子与华夏地块拼合时间与过程的约束[J].岩石学报,(11):3215-3244.
赵苗,潘小菲,李岩,等.2015.江西朱溪铜钨多金属矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及其地质意义[J].地质通报,34(2):548-568.
周金城,王孝磊,邱检生.2014.江南造山带新元古代构造-岩浆演化[M].北京:科学出版社:1-282.
朱乔乔,谢桂青,蒋宗胜,等.2014.湖北金山店大型矽卡岩型铁矿热液榍石特征和原位微区LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年[J].岩石学报,30(5):1322-1338.
Brugger J,Etschmann B,Pownceby M,et al.2008.Oxidation state of europium in scheelite:tracking fluid-rock interaction in gold deposits[J].Chemical Geology,257(1):26-33.
Boynton W V.1984.Cosmochemistry of the rare-earth elements:Meteorite studies[M]//Rare-earth Element Geochemistry II.Amsterdam:Elsevier.63-114.
Chen W T and Zhou M F.2014.Ages and compositions of primary and secondary allanite from the Lala Fe-Cu deposit,SW China:implications for multiple episodes of hydrothermal events[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,168(2):1-20.
Fu Y,Sun X,Zhou H,et al.2017.In-situ LA-ICP-MS trace elements analysis of scheelites from the giant Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province,Southwest China and its metallogenic implications[J].Ore Geology Reviews,80:828-837.
Griffin W L,Powell W J,Pearson N J,et al.2008.GLITTER:data reduction software for laser ablation ICP-MS[J].Laser Ablation-ICP-MS in the earth sciences.Mineralogical association of Canada short course series,40:204-207.
Guo S,Chen Y,Liu C Z,et al.2016.Scheelite and coexisting F-rich zoned garnet,vesuvianite,fluorite,and apatite in calc-silicate rocks from the Mogok metamorphic belt,Myanmar:Implications for metasomatism in marble and the role of halogens in W mobilization and mineralization[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,117:82-106.
Jiang S H,Bagas L,Hu P,et al.2016.Zircon U-Pb ages and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the highly fractionated granite with tetrad REE patterns in the Shamai tungsten deposit in eastern Inner Mongolia,China:Implications for the timing of mineralization and ore genesis[J].Lithos,261:322-339.
Li J W,Deng X D,Zhou M F,et al.2010.Laser ablation ICP-MS titanite U-Th-Pb dating of hydrothermal ore deposits:a case study of the Tonglushan Cu-Fe-Au skarn deposit,SE Hubei Province,China[J].Chemical geology,270(1):56-67.
Ludwig K R.2003.Isoplot 3.00:A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel[M].Berkeley Geochronol Center,Spec.Pub.,4:1-71.
Maniar P D and Piccoli P M.1989.Tectonic discrimination of granitoids[J]Geological society of America bulletin,101(5):635-643.
McDonough W F and Sun S S.1995.The composition of the Earth[J]Chemical geology,120(3-4):223-253.
Meinert L D,Dipple G M and Nicolescu S.2005.World skarn deposits[J]Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume,2005:299-336.
Pan X,Hou Z,Li Y,et al.2017.Dating the giant Zhuxi W-Cu deposi(Taqian-Fuchun Ore Belt)in South China using molybdenite Re-Os and muscovite Ar-Ar system[J].Ore Geology Reviews,86:719-733.
Pan X,Hou Z,Zhao M,et al.2018.Geochronology and geochemistry of the granites from the Zhuxi W-Cu ore deposit in South China:Implication for petrogenesis,geodynamical setting and mineralization[J].Lithos304:155-179.
Rempel K U,Williams-Jones A E and Migdisov A A.2009.The partitioning of molybdenum(VI)between aqueous liquid and vapour at temperatures up to 370°C[J].Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,73(11):3381-3392.
Rickwood P C.1989.Boundary lines within petrologic diagrams which use oxides of major and minor elements[J].Lithos,22(4):247-263.
Shu L,Faure M,Wang B,et al.2008.Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic geological features of South China:response to the Indosinian collision events in Southeast Asia[J].Comptes Rendus Geoscience,340(2)151-165.
Song G,Qin K,Li G,et al.2014.Scheelite elemental and isotopic signatures:Implications for the genesis of skarn-type W-Mo deposits in the Chizhou Area,Anhui Province,Eastern China[J].American Mineralogist,99(2-3):303-317.
Song S,Mao J,Zhu Y,et al.2018.Partial-melting of fertile metasedimentary rocks controlling the ore formation in the Jiangnan porphyry-skarn tungsten belt,south China:A case study at the giant Zhuxi W-Cu skarn deposit[J].Lithos,304:180-199.
Storey C D,Jeffries T E and Smith M.2006.Common lead-corrected laser ablation ICP-MS U-Pb systematics and geochronology of titanite[J].Chemical Geology,227(1):37-52.
Sun S S and McDonough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes[J].London:Geological Society Special Publications,42(1):313-345.
Tera F and Wasserburg G J.1972.U-Th-Pb systematics in three Apollo 14basalts and the problem of initial Pb in lunar rocks[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,14(3):281-304.
Uspensky E,Brugger J and Graeser S.1998.REE geochemistry systematics of scheelite from the Alps using luminescencespectroscopy:From global regularities to local control[J].Swiss Journal of Geosciences Supplement,78(1):31-54.
陈国华,舒良树,舒立旻,等.2015.江南东段朱溪钨(铜)多金属矿床的地质特征与成矿背景[J].中国科学:地球科学,12:002.
陈文迪,张文兰,王汝成,等.2016.桂北苗儿山-越城岭地区独石岭钨(铜)矿床研究:对复式岩体多时代差异性成矿的启示[J].中国科学:地球科学,46(12):1602-1625.
高剑峰,陆建军,赖鸣远,等.2003.岩石样品中微量元素的高分辨率等离子质谱分析[J].南京大学学报:自然科学版,39(6):844-850.
何细荣,陈国华,刘建光,等.2011.江西景德镇朱溪地区铜钨多金属矿找矿方向[J].中国钨业,(1):9-14.
华仁民,李光来,张文兰,等.2010.华南钨和锡大规模成矿作用的差异及其原因初探[J].矿床地质,(1):9-23.
蒋少涌,彭宁俊,黄兰椿,等.2015.赣北大湖塘矿集区超大型钨矿地质特征及成因探讨[J].岩石学报,31(3):639-655.
李岩,潘小菲,赵苗,等.2014.景德镇朱溪钨(铜)矿床花岗斑岩的锆石U-Pb年龄,地球化学特征及其与成矿关系探讨[J].地质论评,60(3):693-708.
刘经纬,陈斌,陈导胜,等.2017.赣东北朱溪钨(铜)矿区高分异花岗岩的成因与矿的关系[J].岩石学报,33(10):3116-3182.
舒良树.华南构造演化的基本特征[J].2012.地质通报,31(7):1035-1053.
苏晓云,刘善宝,王成辉,等.2013.江西省朱溪铜钨多金属矿床几个钻孔揭露的地质特征研究及其意义[J].矿物学报,33(S2):125-126.
孙金凤,杨进辉,吴福元,等.2012.榍石原位微区LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定[J].科学通报,57(18):1603-1615.
王辉,丰成友,李大新,等.2015.赣北大湖塘钨矿成岩成矿物质来源的矿物学和同位素示踪研究[J].岩石学报,31(3):725-739.
王长明,吴淦国,张达,等.2010,赣东北地区的区域成矿特征和成矿谱系[J].世界地质,29(4):588-600.
薛怀民,马芳,宋永勤,等.2010.江南造山带东段新元古代花岗岩组合的年代学和地球化学:对扬子与华夏地块拼合时间与过程的约束[J].岩石学报,(11):3215-3244.
赵苗,潘小菲,李岩,等.2015.江西朱溪铜钨多金属矿床矽卡岩矿物学特征及其地质意义[J].地质通报,34(2):548-568.
周金城,王孝磊,邱检生.2014.江南造山带新元古代构造-岩浆演化[M].北京:科学出版社:1-282.
朱乔乔,谢桂青,蒋宗胜,等.2014.湖北金山店大型矽卡岩型铁矿热液榍石特征和原位微区LA-ICPMS U-Pb定年[J].岩石学报,30(5):1322-1338.
Brugger J,Etschmann B,Pownceby M,et al.2008.Oxidation state of europium in scheelite:tracking fluid-rock interaction in gold deposits[J].Chemical Geology,257(1):26-33.
Boynton W V.1984.Cosmochemistry of the rare-earth elements:Meteorite studies[M]//Rare-earth Element Geochemistry II.Amsterdam:Elsevier.63-114.
Chen W T and Zhou M F.2014.Ages and compositions of primary and secondary allanite from the Lala Fe-Cu deposit,SW China:implications for multiple episodes of hydrothermal events[J].Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology,168(2):1-20.
Fu Y,Sun X,Zhou H,et al.2017.In-situ LA-ICP-MS trace elements analysis of scheelites from the giant Beiya gold-polymetallic deposit in Yunnan Province,Southwest China and its metallogenic implications[J].Ore Geology Reviews,80:828-837.
Griffin W L,Powell W J,Pearson N J,et al.2008.GLITTER:data reduction software for laser ablation ICP-MS[J].Laser Ablation-ICP-MS in the earth sciences.Mineralogical association of Canada short course series,40:204-207.
Guo S,Chen Y,Liu C Z,et al.2016.Scheelite and coexisting F-rich zoned garnet,vesuvianite,fluorite,and apatite in calc-silicate rocks from the Mogok metamorphic belt,Myanmar:Implications for metasomatism in marble and the role of halogens in W mobilization and mineralization[J].Journal of Asian Earth Sciences,117:82-106.
Jiang S H,Bagas L,Hu P,et al.2016.Zircon U-Pb ages and Sr-Nd-Hf isotopes of the highly fractionated granite with tetrad REE patterns in the Shamai tungsten deposit in eastern Inner Mongolia,China:Implications for the timing of mineralization and ore genesis[J].Lithos,261:322-339.
Li J W,Deng X D,Zhou M F,et al.2010.Laser ablation ICP-MS titanite U-Th-Pb dating of hydrothermal ore deposits:a case study of the Tonglushan Cu-Fe-Au skarn deposit,SE Hubei Province,China[J].Chemical geology,270(1):56-67.
Ludwig K R.2003.Isoplot 3.00:A Geochronological Toolkit for Microsoft Excel[M].Berkeley Geochronol Center,Spec.Pub.,4:1-71.
Maniar P D and Piccoli P M.1989.Tectonic discrimination of granitoids[J]Geological society of America bulletin,101(5):635-643.
McDonough W F and Sun S S.1995.The composition of the Earth[J]Chemical geology,120(3-4):223-253.
Meinert L D,Dipple G M and Nicolescu S.2005.World skarn deposits[J]Economic Geology 100th Anniversary Volume,2005:299-336.
Pan X,Hou Z,Li Y,et al.2017.Dating the giant Zhuxi W-Cu deposi(Taqian-Fuchun Ore Belt)in South China using molybdenite Re-Os and muscovite Ar-Ar system[J].Ore Geology Reviews,86:719-733.
Pan X,Hou Z,Zhao M,et al.2018.Geochronology and geochemistry of the granites from the Zhuxi W-Cu ore deposit in South China:Implication for petrogenesis,geodynamical setting and mineralization[J].Lithos304:155-179.
Rempel K U,Williams-Jones A E and Migdisov A A.2009.The partitioning of molybdenum(VI)between aqueous liquid and vapour at temperatures up to 370°C[J].Geochim.Cosmochim.Acta,73(11):3381-3392.
Rickwood P C.1989.Boundary lines within petrologic diagrams which use oxides of major and minor elements[J].Lithos,22(4):247-263.
Shu L,Faure M,Wang B,et al.2008.Late Palaeozoic-Early Mesozoic geological features of South China:response to the Indosinian collision events in Southeast Asia[J].Comptes Rendus Geoscience,340(2)151-165.
Song G,Qin K,Li G,et al.2014.Scheelite elemental and isotopic signatures:Implications for the genesis of skarn-type W-Mo deposits in the Chizhou Area,Anhui Province,Eastern China[J].American Mineralogist,99(2-3):303-317.
Song S,Mao J,Zhu Y,et al.2018.Partial-melting of fertile metasedimentary rocks controlling the ore formation in the Jiangnan porphyry-skarn tungsten belt,south China:A case study at the giant Zhuxi W-Cu skarn deposit[J].Lithos,304:180-199.
Storey C D,Jeffries T E and Smith M.2006.Common lead-corrected laser ablation ICP-MS U-Pb systematics and geochronology of titanite[J].Chemical Geology,227(1):37-52.
Sun S S and McDonough W F.1989.Chemical and isotopic systematics of oceanic basalts:implications for mantle composition and processes[J].London:Geological Society Special Publications,42(1):313-345.
Tera F and Wasserburg G J.1972.U-Th-Pb systematics in three Apollo 14basalts and the problem of initial Pb in lunar rocks[J].Earth and Planetary Science Letters,14(3):281-304.
Uspensky E,Brugger J and Graeser S.1998.REE geochemistry systematics of scheelite from the Alps using luminescencespectroscopy:From global regularities to local control[J].Swiss Journal of Geosciences Supplement,78(1):31-54.