针灸调节肠道微生物群的现状与思考
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摘要
人体肠道内寄生着大量的微生物群,维持宿主肠道微生态环境的稳定,使机体处于健康的稳态。一旦稳态失衡,肠道微生物群失调,便会产生多种疾病。目前,针灸调节肠道微生物群的研究主要有以下几个方面:针灸通过调理气机升降调节肠道微生物群;针灸调节肠道微生物群的数量和比例,使其恢复稳态;针灸通过调控脑肠肽、炎性反应调节肠道微生物群。今后应从针灸的整体作用、腧穴的特异性、腧穴配伍以及不同干预方法等方面深入研究,优化临床治疗方案,以取得针灸调节肠道微生物群的最佳疗效。
Large number of microflora is parasitized in the human intestinal tract,which maintains the stability of the microecological environment in the host's intestinal tract and the healthy state of the body.Once the steady state is out of balance,the intestinal microflora is dysfunctional and a variety of diseases will be induced.Acupuncture and moxibustion have a positive role in improving different types of clinical problems by regulating qi,harmonizing yin and yang,and strengthening the body's resistance.At present,researches on the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on intestinal microflora mainly focuses on the following aspects 1)adjusting the count and proportion of the intestinal microflora to recover its stability,2)improving gastrointestinal motility disorder by promoting the interaction between intestinal microflora and brain-gut axis(brain-gut peptides),and ameliorating the intestinal barrier function by reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines to suppress inflammatory reactions.In the future,the research should pay more attention to the holistic regulatory function of acupuncture and moxibustion,the acupoint specificity,acupoint combination and different intervention measures,as well as the optimization of clinical regimen,so as to better intestinal microflora regulation.
Large number of microflora is parasitized in the human intestinal tract,which maintains the stability of the microecological environment in the host's intestinal tract and the healthy state of the body.Once the steady state is out of balance,the intestinal microflora is dysfunctional and a variety of diseases will be induced.Acupuncture and moxibustion have a positive role in improving different types of clinical problems by regulating qi,harmonizing yin and yang,and strengthening the body's resistance.At present,researches on the effect of acupuncture and moxibustion interventions on intestinal microflora mainly focuses on the following aspects 1)adjusting the count and proportion of the intestinal microflora to recover its stability,2)improving gastrointestinal motility disorder by promoting the interaction between intestinal microflora and brain-gut axis(brain-gut peptides),and ameliorating the intestinal barrier function by reducing levels of proinflammatory cytokines to suppress inflammatory reactions.In the future,the research should pay more attention to the holistic regulatory function of acupuncture and moxibustion,the acupoint specificity,acupoint combination and different intervention measures,as well as the optimization of clinical regimen,so as to better intestinal microflora regulation.
引文
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[3]郭慧玲,邵玉宇,孟和毕力格,等.肠道菌群与疾病关系的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(2):400-410.
[4]周莉萍.针灸治疗单纯性肥胖的肠道菌群调节机理探讨[D].成都:成都中医药大学,2011.
[5]张巍,成泽东.从肠道菌群与“脾胃学说”相关性探讨针灸防治心血管疾病[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2017,19(4):168-170.
[6]成泽东,覃佩兰.基于应激-肠道菌群-心脏互动探讨针刺防治心血管疾病[J].中华中医药学刊,2016,34(9):2064-2066.
[7]司原成,苗维纳,何嘉悦,等.基于“脑-肠-菌”轴探讨健脾益气针法对肥胖鼠肠道菌群及TLR4的调控机制[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(10):4457-4460.
[8]侯天舒,韩晓霞,杨阳,等.电针对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生态的保护作用[J].针刺研究,2014,39(1):27-34.
[9]侯天舒,韩晓霞,杨阳,等.电针对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生态的保护作用研究[J].针刺研究,2014,39(1):27-34.
[10]刘燕观.益生菌联合针灸对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者炎性反应因子的影响[J].实用临床医药杂志,2016,20(17):131-132.
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[12]周莉萍,胡玲香,邓雪梅,等.针灸减肥进程中患者肠道菌群的变化规律探讨[J].四川中医,2011,29(9):124-126.
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[14]黄凯裕,梁爽,傅淑平,等.基于脑肠轴理论探讨胃肠调理在针灸治疗脑病中的应用[J].中医杂志,2016,57(13):1099-1104.
[15]宁玉楼,成泽东.从气机升降理论探讨针灸与肠道菌群的关系[J].中医杂志,2017,58(1):31-33.
[16]余华,张安仁,张月娥,等.麦粒灸对实验性脾虚泄泻证大鼠空肠肥大细胞的影响[J].针刺研究,2000,25(1):31-33.
[17]王树东,成泽东,金迪,等.温和灸腹部募穴对实验性大鼠肠道菌群失调的影响[J].上海针灸杂志,2010,29(8):546-548.
[18]GIL-CARDOSO K,GINES I,PINENT M,et al.Effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation,barrier integrity and changes in gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity[J].Nutr Res Rev,2016,29(2):234-248.
[19]ZUO D C,CHOI S,SHAHI P K,et al.Inhibition of pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal by LPS via NF-kappaB and MAP kinase[J].World J Gastroenterol,2013,19(8):1210-1218.
[20]李宁宁,方秀才.脑-肠轴在肠易激综合征发病中的作用[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2013,22(2):163-166.
[21]CARABOTTI M,SCIROCCO A,MASELLI M A,et al.The gut-brain axis:interaction between enteric microbiota,central and enteric nervous systems[J].Ann Gastroenterol,2015,28(2):203-209.
[22]MAYER E A,SAVIDGE T,SHULMAN R J.Brain-gut microbiome interactions and functional bowel disorders[J].Gastroenterology,2014,146(6):1500-1512.
[23]覃佩兰,成泽东.基于脑肠轴学说探讨针灸对肠道菌群调节的思考[J].时珍国医国药,2015,26(11):2712-2714.
[24]汤德安.实验针灸学入门[M].11版,天津:天津出版社,1985:77.
[25]刘美荣,王思明,肖瑞飞,等.针刺足三里、太冲对腹泻型肠易激综合征大鼠胃肠激素SS、SP的影响[J].亚太传统医药,2012,8(12):1-3.
[26]羊燕群,候陈凤,彭丹,等.针刺足三里对FD胃排空及血清Mo-tilin和Ghrelin的影响[J].中华中医药学刊,2013,31(4):881-883.
[27]刘文全,王健,郝志友.针刺对功能性消化不良胃肠动力影响的临床研究[J].中国针灸,2001,21(5):267-269.
[28]陈建永,潘锋.针刺对功能性消化不良胃动力的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2005,25(10):880-882.
[29]刘未艾,常小荣,刘密,等.隔药饼灸对功能性胃肠病肝郁脾虚模型大鼠胃促生长素与胃肠动力的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2013,28(5):1560-1564.
[30]刘玉群.针刺对胃泌素及胃动素影响的研究概况[J].安徽中医学院学报,2003,22(1):62-63.
[31]盛建文,范惠珍,尹卫华,等.电针治疗功能性消化不良疗效及对血浆CCK、神经肽Y的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2013,19(11):1336-1338.
[32]CANI P D,AMAR J,IGLESIAS M A,et al.Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance[J].Diabetes 2007,56(7):1761-1772.
[33]TEIXEIRA A A,LIRA F S,PIMENTEL G D,et al.Aerobic exercise modulates the free fatty acids and inflammatory response during obesity and cancer cachexia[J].Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr,2016,26(3):187-198.
[34]LIN M,TANG S C.Toll-like receptors:sensing and reacting to diabetic injury in the kidney[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2014,29(4):746-754.
[35]FUKATA M,CHEN A,KLEPPER A,et al.Cox-2is regulated by Toll-like receptor-4signaling:role in proliferation and apoptosis in the intestine[J].Gastroenterology,2006,131(3):862-877.
[36]POWLEY T L,WANG X Y,FOX E A,et al.Ultra structural evidence for communication between intramuscular vagal mechanoreceptors and interstitial cells of Cajalinthe rat fundus[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2008,20(1):69-79.
[37]王文建,郑跃杰.肠道菌群与中枢神经系统相互作用及相关疾病[J].中国微生态学杂志,2016,28(2):240-245.
[38]曾永保,王明智,梅志刚.针刺对迷走神经功能影响的研究现状[J].中华中医药杂志,2011,26(1):119-121.
[39]任驰,周思远,牟建蛟,等.针刺对功能性便秘ENS-ICC调节机制的研究进展[J].世界华人消化杂志,2012,20(19):1758-1762.
[40]梁超.电针上巨虛和天枢调节肠运动的局部肠神经机制研究[D].南京:南京中医药大学,2017.
[41]庞婷婷.电针合募穴调节肠功能与肠运动神经元的关系研究[D].南京:南京中医药大学,2016.
[42]张微,李瑛,罗芳丽,等.电针大肠俞募穴对功能性便秘小鼠胃肠传输功能的影响[J].世界华人消化杂志,2011,24(15):2368-2373.
[43]WANG S D,CHENG Z D,JIN D,et al.Moxibustion at Front-Mu point of abdomen for intestinal dysbacteriosis in rats[J].Acupunct Tuina Sci,2011,9(1):21-25.
[44]王华,梁凤霞.腧穴配伍研究思路和展望[J].中国针灸,2012,32(4):359-362.
[45]胡智海,王毅,黄佳颖,等.糖尿病胃轻瘫针灸治疗方案的优化研究[J].上海针灸杂志,2014,33(12):1094-1096.
[46]ABDI H,ZHAO B,DARBANDI M,et al.The effects of body acupuncture on obesity:anthropometric parameters,lipid profile,and inflammatory and immunologic markers[J].Sci World J,2012,2012:603539.
[47]ESTEHAMATI A,MAZAHARI T,VAHIDI R M,et al.Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of obesity:a critical review[J].Int J Endocrinol Metab,2015,13(2):e19678.
[48]罗婧.不同频率电针天枢穴对活动期湿热型溃疡性结肠炎大鼠模型免疫细胞及肠道上皮细胞的影响[D].泸州:泸州医学院,2014.
[2]TLASKALOVA-HOGENOVA H,STEPANKOVA R,KOZAKOVA H,et al.The role of gut-microbiota(commensal bacteria)and the mucosal barrier in the pathogenesis of inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer:contribution of germ-free and gnotobiotic animal models of human diseases[J].Cell Mol Immunol,2011,8(2):110-120.
[3]郭慧玲,邵玉宇,孟和毕力格,等.肠道菌群与疾病关系的研究进展[J].微生物学通报,2015,42(2):400-410.
[4]周莉萍.针灸治疗单纯性肥胖的肠道菌群调节机理探讨[D].成都:成都中医药大学,2011.
[5]张巍,成泽东.从肠道菌群与“脾胃学说”相关性探讨针灸防治心血管疾病[J].辽宁中医药大学学报,2017,19(4):168-170.
[6]成泽东,覃佩兰.基于应激-肠道菌群-心脏互动探讨针刺防治心血管疾病[J].中华中医药学刊,2016,34(9):2064-2066.
[7]司原成,苗维纳,何嘉悦,等.基于“脑-肠-菌”轴探讨健脾益气针法对肥胖鼠肠道菌群及TLR4的调控机制[J].中华中医药杂志,2017,32(10):4457-4460.
[8]侯天舒,韩晓霞,杨阳,等.电针对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生态的保护作用[J].针刺研究,2014,39(1):27-34.
[9]侯天舒,韩晓霞,杨阳,等.电针对溃疡性结肠炎大鼠肠道微生态的保护作用研究[J].针刺研究,2014,39(1):27-34.
[10]刘燕观.益生菌联合针灸对腹泻型肠易激综合征患者炎性反应因子的影响[J].实用临床医药杂志,2016,20(17):131-132.
[11]梁媚.针灸治疗对单纯性肥胖患者肠道菌群的调节效应[D].南宁:广西中医药大学,2016.
[12]周莉萍,胡玲香,邓雪梅,等.针灸减肥进程中患者肠道菌群的变化规律探讨[J].四川中医,2011,29(9):124-126.
[13]孔凡华.电针对动脉粥样硬化家兔肠道菌群的影响[D].沈阳:辽宁中医药大学,2017.
[14]黄凯裕,梁爽,傅淑平,等.基于脑肠轴理论探讨胃肠调理在针灸治疗脑病中的应用[J].中医杂志,2016,57(13):1099-1104.
[15]宁玉楼,成泽东.从气机升降理论探讨针灸与肠道菌群的关系[J].中医杂志,2017,58(1):31-33.
[16]余华,张安仁,张月娥,等.麦粒灸对实验性脾虚泄泻证大鼠空肠肥大细胞的影响[J].针刺研究,2000,25(1):31-33.
[17]王树东,成泽东,金迪,等.温和灸腹部募穴对实验性大鼠肠道菌群失调的影响[J].上海针灸杂志,2010,29(8):546-548.
[18]GIL-CARDOSO K,GINES I,PINENT M,et al.Effects of flavonoids on intestinal inflammation,barrier integrity and changes in gut microbiota during diet-induced obesity[J].Nutr Res Rev,2016,29(2):234-248.
[19]ZUO D C,CHOI S,SHAHI P K,et al.Inhibition of pacemaker activity in interstitial cells of Cajal by LPS via NF-kappaB and MAP kinase[J].World J Gastroenterol,2013,19(8):1210-1218.
[20]李宁宁,方秀才.脑-肠轴在肠易激综合征发病中的作用[J].胃肠病学和肝病学杂志,2013,22(2):163-166.
[21]CARABOTTI M,SCIROCCO A,MASELLI M A,et al.The gut-brain axis:interaction between enteric microbiota,central and enteric nervous systems[J].Ann Gastroenterol,2015,28(2):203-209.
[22]MAYER E A,SAVIDGE T,SHULMAN R J.Brain-gut microbiome interactions and functional bowel disorders[J].Gastroenterology,2014,146(6):1500-1512.
[23]覃佩兰,成泽东.基于脑肠轴学说探讨针灸对肠道菌群调节的思考[J].时珍国医国药,2015,26(11):2712-2714.
[24]汤德安.实验针灸学入门[M].11版,天津:天津出版社,1985:77.
[25]刘美荣,王思明,肖瑞飞,等.针刺足三里、太冲对腹泻型肠易激综合征大鼠胃肠激素SS、SP的影响[J].亚太传统医药,2012,8(12):1-3.
[26]羊燕群,候陈凤,彭丹,等.针刺足三里对FD胃排空及血清Mo-tilin和Ghrelin的影响[J].中华中医药学刊,2013,31(4):881-883.
[27]刘文全,王健,郝志友.针刺对功能性消化不良胃肠动力影响的临床研究[J].中国针灸,2001,21(5):267-269.
[28]陈建永,潘锋.针刺对功能性消化不良胃动力的影响[J].中国中西医结合杂志,2005,25(10):880-882.
[29]刘未艾,常小荣,刘密,等.隔药饼灸对功能性胃肠病肝郁脾虚模型大鼠胃促生长素与胃肠动力的影响[J].中华中医药杂志,2013,28(5):1560-1564.
[30]刘玉群.针刺对胃泌素及胃动素影响的研究概况[J].安徽中医学院学报,2003,22(1):62-63.
[31]盛建文,范惠珍,尹卫华,等.电针治疗功能性消化不良疗效及对血浆CCK、神经肽Y的影响[J].中国中医基础医学杂志,2013,19(11):1336-1338.
[32]CANI P D,AMAR J,IGLESIAS M A,et al.Metabolic endotoxemia initiates obesity and insulin resistance[J].Diabetes 2007,56(7):1761-1772.
[33]TEIXEIRA A A,LIRA F S,PIMENTEL G D,et al.Aerobic exercise modulates the free fatty acids and inflammatory response during obesity and cancer cachexia[J].Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr,2016,26(3):187-198.
[34]LIN M,TANG S C.Toll-like receptors:sensing and reacting to diabetic injury in the kidney[J].Nephrol Dial Transplant,2014,29(4):746-754.
[35]FUKATA M,CHEN A,KLEPPER A,et al.Cox-2is regulated by Toll-like receptor-4signaling:role in proliferation and apoptosis in the intestine[J].Gastroenterology,2006,131(3):862-877.
[36]POWLEY T L,WANG X Y,FOX E A,et al.Ultra structural evidence for communication between intramuscular vagal mechanoreceptors and interstitial cells of Cajalinthe rat fundus[J].Neurogastroenterol Motil,2008,20(1):69-79.
[37]王文建,郑跃杰.肠道菌群与中枢神经系统相互作用及相关疾病[J].中国微生态学杂志,2016,28(2):240-245.
[38]曾永保,王明智,梅志刚.针刺对迷走神经功能影响的研究现状[J].中华中医药杂志,2011,26(1):119-121.
[39]任驰,周思远,牟建蛟,等.针刺对功能性便秘ENS-ICC调节机制的研究进展[J].世界华人消化杂志,2012,20(19):1758-1762.
[40]梁超.电针上巨虛和天枢调节肠运动的局部肠神经机制研究[D].南京:南京中医药大学,2017.
[41]庞婷婷.电针合募穴调节肠功能与肠运动神经元的关系研究[D].南京:南京中医药大学,2016.
[42]张微,李瑛,罗芳丽,等.电针大肠俞募穴对功能性便秘小鼠胃肠传输功能的影响[J].世界华人消化杂志,2011,24(15):2368-2373.
[43]WANG S D,CHENG Z D,JIN D,et al.Moxibustion at Front-Mu point of abdomen for intestinal dysbacteriosis in rats[J].Acupunct Tuina Sci,2011,9(1):21-25.
[44]王华,梁凤霞.腧穴配伍研究思路和展望[J].中国针灸,2012,32(4):359-362.
[45]胡智海,王毅,黄佳颖,等.糖尿病胃轻瘫针灸治疗方案的优化研究[J].上海针灸杂志,2014,33(12):1094-1096.
[46]ABDI H,ZHAO B,DARBANDI M,et al.The effects of body acupuncture on obesity:anthropometric parameters,lipid profile,and inflammatory and immunologic markers[J].Sci World J,2012,2012:603539.
[47]ESTEHAMATI A,MAZAHARI T,VAHIDI R M,et al.Complementary and alternative medicine for the treatment of obesity:a critical review[J].Int J Endocrinol Metab,2015,13(2):e19678.
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