东祁连山不同退化草地植物群落特征与土壤养分特性
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摘要
为探究东祁连山不同退化草地植物群落特征、土壤养分特性及其相关性,以轻度退化草地、中度退化草地和重度退化草地为研究对象,采用野外调查、室内测定和数据统计分析相结合的方法,分析了不同退化草地植被特征、土壤养分特性及其之间的相关性。结果表明:(1)从轻度退化草地-重度退化草地,植物群落特征(地上生物量、高度、密度、频度和总盖度)整体呈现降低趋势,且差异显著(P<0.05),中度退化草地Margalef指数、Shannon指数和Evenness指数最高,Dominance指数最低;(2)研究区植物共有19科38属41种,生态适应性较强的植物主要集中在豆科、禾本科、菊科和蔷薇科,不同退化草地植被型分别为矮生嵩草(K.humilis)+赖草(Leymus secalinus)、矮生嵩草+高山唐松草(Thalictrum alpinum)、矮生嵩草+赖草,其中矮生嵩草是各退化草地的优势种,不同退化草地的功能群以杂类草占优势,其次是禾草类,毒草类所占的比例最少;(3)随草地退化程度加重,土壤速效氮、有效磷、有机碳和含水量呈降低的趋势,而pH整体呈现升高的趋势;(4)不同退化草地土壤因子对植被生长贡献率最高分别为速效氮、有效磷和含水量。综上,随着草地退化程度加重,植物群落结构向单一趋势过渡,土壤养分含量减少,且土壤因子对植物贡献率也相应发生变化。
In order to study the community features,soil nutrient characteristics and their correlations in different degraded grasslands of East Qilian Mountains,the lightly degraded grassland(LDG),moderately degraded grassland(MDG)and heavily degraded grassland(SDG)were taken as the research objects,and the combination of field investigation,laboratory measurement and data statistical analysis was adopted.The results showed that:(1)The characteristics of plant communities,including aboveground biomass,height,density,frequency and vegetation coverage,showed a decreasing trend from LDG to SDG,and the difference was significant(P < 0.05).And the species Margalef index,Shannon index and Evenness index of the MDG were the maximum,however,the Dominance index was the minimum.(2)There were 19 families,38genera and 41 species in the study area,and the plants with strong ecological adaptability mainly concentrated in Legumes,Gramineae,Compositae and Rosaceae.The vegetation types of different degraded grasslands included K.humilis with Leymus secalinus,K.humilis with Thalictrum alpinum,K.humilis with L.secalinus,among which K.humilis was the dominant species in different degraded grasslands.In differentdegraded grasslands,the functional groups were dominated by forbs,followed by Gramineae grasses and poison grasses.(3)With the aggravation of grassland degradation,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,organic carbon and water content all decreased,while pH increased.(4)The highest contribution rate of soil factors to vegetation growth in different degraded grasslands was the available nitrogen,available phosphorus and water content,respectively.In summary,with the aggravation of grassland degradation,the community structure of plants was changing to a single trend,soil nutrient content was reduced and the contribution rate of soil factors to plants was also changed accordingly.
In order to study the community features,soil nutrient characteristics and their correlations in different degraded grasslands of East Qilian Mountains,the lightly degraded grassland(LDG),moderately degraded grassland(MDG)and heavily degraded grassland(SDG)were taken as the research objects,and the combination of field investigation,laboratory measurement and data statistical analysis was adopted.The results showed that:(1)The characteristics of plant communities,including aboveground biomass,height,density,frequency and vegetation coverage,showed a decreasing trend from LDG to SDG,and the difference was significant(P < 0.05).And the species Margalef index,Shannon index and Evenness index of the MDG were the maximum,however,the Dominance index was the minimum.(2)There were 19 families,38genera and 41 species in the study area,and the plants with strong ecological adaptability mainly concentrated in Legumes,Gramineae,Compositae and Rosaceae.The vegetation types of different degraded grasslands included K.humilis with Leymus secalinus,K.humilis with Thalictrum alpinum,K.humilis with L.secalinus,among which K.humilis was the dominant species in different degraded grasslands.In differentdegraded grasslands,the functional groups were dominated by forbs,followed by Gramineae grasses and poison grasses.(3)With the aggravation of grassland degradation,soil available nitrogen,available phosphorus,organic carbon and water content all decreased,while pH increased.(4)The highest contribution rate of soil factors to vegetation growth in different degraded grasslands was the available nitrogen,available phosphorus and water content,respectively.In summary,with the aggravation of grassland degradation,the community structure of plants was changing to a single trend,soil nutrient content was reduced and the contribution rate of soil factors to plants was also changed accordingly.
引文
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[3]车宗玺,李进军,汪有奎,等.祁连山西段草地土壤温度、水分变化特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):105-111.
[4]初晓辉,谢勇,单贵莲,等.放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):939-945.
[5]李里,刘伟.退化草地植物功能群和物种丰富度与群落生产力关系的研究[J].草地学报,2011,19(6):917-921,999.
[6]姚强.高寒退化草地狼毒群落物种多样性与种间关系研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2011.
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[8]苏大学,张自和,陈佐忠.GB 19733—2003天然草地退化、沙化、盐渍化的分级指标[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003:3-5.
[9] Yan R R,Xin X P,Yan Y C,et al.Impacts of differing grazing rates on canopy structure and species composition in Hulunber meadow steppe[J].Rangeland Ecology&Management,2015,68(1):54-64.
[10] Lep2J,milauer P.Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO[M].UK:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[11]林丽,张德罡,曹广民,等.高寒嵩草草甸植物群落数量特征对不同利用强度的短期响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(24):8034-8043.
[12]贡璐,朱美玲,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,等.塔里木盆地南缘旱生芦苇生态特征与水盐因子关系[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2509-2518.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]何芳兰,刘世增,李昌龙.甘肃河西戈壁植物群落组成特征及其多样性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(4):74-78.
[15]陈乐乐,施建军,王彦龙,等.高寒地区不同退化程度草地群落结构特征研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):210-213.
[16]罗亚勇,孟庆涛,张静辉,等.青藏高原东缘高寒草甸退化过程中植物群落物种多样性、生产力与土壤特性的关系[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1298-1305.
[17]王芳,宋明华,黄玫,等.东北北部温带森林和干草地土壤养分分布及影响因素[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(8):1280-1285.
[18]易晨,李德成,张甘霖,等.土壤厚度的划分标准与案例研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):220-227.
[19]李建宏,李雪萍,卢虎,等.高寒地区不同退化草地植被特性和土壤固氮菌群特性及其相关性[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3647-3654.
[20]蒋永梅,师尚礼,田永亮,等.高寒草地不同退化程度下土壤微生物及土壤酶活性变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):244-249.
[2] Qi S,Zheng H X,Lin Q M,et al.Effects of livestock grazing intensity on soil biota in a semiarid steppe of Inner Mongolia[J].Plant and Soil,2011,340(1/2):117-126.
[3]车宗玺,李进军,汪有奎,等.祁连山西段草地土壤温度、水分变化特征[J].生态学报,2018,38(1):105-111.
[4]初晓辉,谢勇,单贵莲,等.放牧和封育对青藏高原南缘亚高山草甸群落结构及物种多样性的影响[J].草地学报,2017,25(5):939-945.
[5]李里,刘伟.退化草地植物功能群和物种丰富度与群落生产力关系的研究[J].草地学报,2011,19(6):917-921,999.
[6]姚强.高寒退化草地狼毒群落物种多样性与种间关系研究[D].兰州:西北师范大学,2011.
[7]任继周.草业科学研究方法[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1998:11-16.
[8]苏大学,张自和,陈佐忠.GB 19733—2003天然草地退化、沙化、盐渍化的分级指标[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003:3-5.
[9] Yan R R,Xin X P,Yan Y C,et al.Impacts of differing grazing rates on canopy structure and species composition in Hulunber meadow steppe[J].Rangeland Ecology&Management,2015,68(1):54-64.
[10] Lep2J,milauer P.Multivariate Analysis of Ecological Data Using CANOCO[M].UK:Cambridge University Press,2003.
[11]林丽,张德罡,曹广民,等.高寒嵩草草甸植物群落数量特征对不同利用强度的短期响应[J].生态学报,2016,36(24):8034-8043.
[12]贡璐,朱美玲,塔西甫拉提·特依拜,等.塔里木盆地南缘旱生芦苇生态特征与水盐因子关系[J].生态学报,2014,34(10):2509-2518.
[13]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2000.
[14]何芳兰,刘世增,李昌龙.甘肃河西戈壁植物群落组成特征及其多样性研究[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(4):74-78.
[15]陈乐乐,施建军,王彦龙,等.高寒地区不同退化程度草地群落结构特征研究[J].草地学报,2016,24(1):210-213.
[16]罗亚勇,孟庆涛,张静辉,等.青藏高原东缘高寒草甸退化过程中植物群落物种多样性、生产力与土壤特性的关系[J].冰川冻土,2014,36(5):1298-1305.
[17]王芳,宋明华,黄玫,等.东北北部温带森林和干草地土壤养分分布及影响因素[J].生态环境学报,2014,23(8):1280-1285.
[18]易晨,李德成,张甘霖,等.土壤厚度的划分标准与案例研究[J].土壤学报,2015,52(1):220-227.
[19]李建宏,李雪萍,卢虎,等.高寒地区不同退化草地植被特性和土壤固氮菌群特性及其相关性[J].生态学报,2017,37(11):3647-3654.
[20]蒋永梅,师尚礼,田永亮,等.高寒草地不同退化程度下土壤微生物及土壤酶活性变化特征[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(3):244-249.
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