卵形鲳鲹营养需求与饲料研究进展
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摘要
卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)是我国近年来快速发展起来的重要海水养殖鱼类,其年产量高达12万t。目前,国内外有关该鱼的营养需求与饲料研究已有较多报道,但对有些营养素的研究还是空白。本文主要就其蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、脂肪酸、碳水化合物和微量营养素的需求,蛋白源和脂肪源替代鱼粉和鱼油,功能性饲料添加剂应用等方面的研究进展进行综述,以期为该鱼的精准营养研究及高效低成本环保配合饲料的研发提供参考资料,从而推动其养殖业的健康可持续发展。
The ovate pompano Trachinotus ovatus is a marine fish species with important economic value, whose culture was developed rapidly in recent years in China, and the annual cultured output has reached about 120,000 tons, which has become one of the most potential cultured marine fish in southern China. Up to now, there have been a lot of reports on its nutritional requirements and feed, however studies on some nutrients are still absent. This paper summarized the requirements of pompano on protein, amino acids, lipid, fatty acids, carbohydrates and micronutrient, dietary replacement of fish meal with other protein resources and fish oil with other lipid resources, as well as the application of functional feed additives. Available data showed that the optimum dietary requirements of juvenile golden pompano for protein, lipid and carbohydrate are 41%～49%, 6.5%～12% and 11.2%～16.8%, respectively. The optimal requirements for lysine, arginine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid have also been determined. Preliminary studies on the replacement of dietary fish meal(FM) and fish oil(FO) with other protein or lipid resources have been conducted, and the results showed that the suitable substitution levels of FM by soybean meal(SBM) or fermented soybean meal(FSBM) are 20%～50%. When certain amount of FM was added in diet, it is feasible to replace FO with other animal or vegetable oils. The optimum dietary addition levels for soy isoflavone, chitosan and fermented product of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa are respectively 40 mg/kg, 4.0 g/kg and 500 mg/kg. However, studies on the requirements of vitamins and minerals are not reported. Besides, fewer studies were conducted on the nutritional requirements of fish during different growth stages or in different cultured patterns. We hope that this review can provide reference for the study of accurate nutrition and development of high-efficient, low cost and environment-friendly formula feed, and thus promote the healthy and sustainable development of T. ovatus aquaculture industry.
The ovate pompano Trachinotus ovatus is a marine fish species with important economic value, whose culture was developed rapidly in recent years in China, and the annual cultured output has reached about 120,000 tons, which has become one of the most potential cultured marine fish in southern China. Up to now, there have been a lot of reports on its nutritional requirements and feed, however studies on some nutrients are still absent. This paper summarized the requirements of pompano on protein, amino acids, lipid, fatty acids, carbohydrates and micronutrient, dietary replacement of fish meal with other protein resources and fish oil with other lipid resources, as well as the application of functional feed additives. Available data showed that the optimum dietary requirements of juvenile golden pompano for protein, lipid and carbohydrate are 41%～49%, 6.5%～12% and 11.2%～16.8%, respectively. The optimal requirements for lysine, arginine, methionine, isoleucine, leucine, linolenic acid and arachidonic acid have also been determined. Preliminary studies on the replacement of dietary fish meal(FM) and fish oil(FO) with other protein or lipid resources have been conducted, and the results showed that the suitable substitution levels of FM by soybean meal(SBM) or fermented soybean meal(FSBM) are 20%～50%. When certain amount of FM was added in diet, it is feasible to replace FO with other animal or vegetable oils. The optimum dietary addition levels for soy isoflavone, chitosan and fermented product of Rhodotorula mucilaginosa are respectively 40 mg/kg, 4.0 g/kg and 500 mg/kg. However, studies on the requirements of vitamins and minerals are not reported. Besides, fewer studies were conducted on the nutritional requirements of fish during different growth stages or in different cultured patterns. We hope that this review can provide reference for the study of accurate nutrition and development of high-efficient, low cost and environment-friendly formula feed, and thus promote the healthy and sustainable development of T. ovatus aquaculture industry.
引文
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