甘蓝型油菜育种亲本单株产量与农艺性状相关性分析
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摘要
油菜是我国重要的油料作物,提高油菜产量是油菜育种的首要目标之一。油菜育种中,考察和分析油菜种质的主要农艺性状是筛选育种亲本材料配制优良组合的前提基础,可以为高效开展重要性状的改良提供有效的科学依据。以213份长江流域油菜主产区育种单位提供的甘蓝型油菜育种亲本为材料,采用相关分析、通径分析、多元回归分析及主成分分析等方法,探讨在成都平原气候条件下,油菜单株产量与10个相关农艺性状之间的关系,明确甘蓝型油菜产量形成的主要决定因子。结果表明,不同地区油菜资源农艺性状存在较大差异;单株产量与株高、主序有效长度、一次有效分枝数、主序有效角果数、角果长度、每角果粒数和千粒重呈极显著正相关,与营养生长天数呈显著负相关;对单株产量直接影响最大的是株高,其次是每角果粒数和一次有效分枝数,间接作用最大为主序有效长度,其次是主序有效角果数和一次有效分枝高度。逐步回归分析表明,株高、每角果粒数、一次有效分枝高度和一次有效分枝数是决定单株产量的主要因子;通过主成分分析,可将相关性状综合为4大类:株高控制因子、生育期控制因子、产量性状控制因子和株型控制因子。本生态区域内决定产量形成的关键性状为株高、每角果粒数、一次有效分枝高度和一次有效分枝数,本研究得出的结果对于充分利用各育种单位亲本材料优良性状提供了有价值的参考。
Rapeseed acts as an important oil crop in China and breeding for high yield is of great interest.Analyzing agronomic traits of rapeseed germplasm can provide foundational information for selecting excellent parental materials,which will be subjected for making crosses,e.g.to improve important traits in rapeseed.In the present study,213 breeding lines of Brassica napus L.,which were collected from the main rapeseed production area of the Yangtze River,was used for exploring the relationship between 10 agronomic traits and yield per plant,under the climatic conditions in Chengdu Flat.The statistical analysis including simple correlation analysis,path analysis,multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis,were conducted.The results showed the great divergence on the agronomic traits of rapeseed resources from different regions.The yield per plant was positively correlated to plant height,the effective length of main inflorescence,the number of first effective branch,the number of effective silique on main inflorescence,the length of silique,seeds per silique,and 1000-seed weight,while negatively correlated to the period of vegetative growth.The yield per plant was directly contributed by three factors including plant height,seeds per silique and the number of first effective branches.The indirect effect on plant yield was the effective length of main inflorescence>the number of effective silique on main inflorescence>branch height.By stepwise regression analysis,the yield per plant was mainly determined by plant height,seeds per silique,branch height,and the number of first effective branches.Based on the phenotypic variation using the principal component analysis,these genotypes were grouped into four major categories,consisting of plant height related factors,growth period related factors,yield related factors and plant type related factors.Taken together,the yield per plant in the ecological region of Chengdu Flat was largely contributed by plant height,grain number per pod,primary branch height,and number of primary effective branch.These results would provide a valuable information for selecting elite parental lines in rapeseed breeding.
Rapeseed acts as an important oil crop in China and breeding for high yield is of great interest.Analyzing agronomic traits of rapeseed germplasm can provide foundational information for selecting excellent parental materials,which will be subjected for making crosses,e.g.to improve important traits in rapeseed.In the present study,213 breeding lines of Brassica napus L.,which were collected from the main rapeseed production area of the Yangtze River,was used for exploring the relationship between 10 agronomic traits and yield per plant,under the climatic conditions in Chengdu Flat.The statistical analysis including simple correlation analysis,path analysis,multiple regression analysis and principal component analysis,were conducted.The results showed the great divergence on the agronomic traits of rapeseed resources from different regions.The yield per plant was positively correlated to plant height,the effective length of main inflorescence,the number of first effective branch,the number of effective silique on main inflorescence,the length of silique,seeds per silique,and 1000-seed weight,while negatively correlated to the period of vegetative growth.The yield per plant was directly contributed by three factors including plant height,seeds per silique and the number of first effective branches.The indirect effect on plant yield was the effective length of main inflorescence>the number of effective silique on main inflorescence>branch height.By stepwise regression analysis,the yield per plant was mainly determined by plant height,seeds per silique,branch height,and the number of first effective branches.Based on the phenotypic variation using the principal component analysis,these genotypes were grouped into four major categories,consisting of plant height related factors,growth period related factors,yield related factors and plant type related factors.Taken together,the yield per plant in the ecological region of Chengdu Flat was largely contributed by plant height,grain number per pod,primary branch height,and number of primary effective branch.These results would provide a valuable information for selecting elite parental lines in rapeseed breeding.
引文
[1]王汉中.中国油菜品种改良的中长期发展战略.中国油料作物学报,2004,26(3):98-101WangHZ.Long-termdevelopmentstrategyofrapevariety improvement in China. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2004,26(3):98-101
[2]涂金星,张冬晓,张毅,傅廷栋.我国油菜育种目标及品种审定问题的商榷.中国油料作物学报,2007,29(3):350-352TuJX,ZhangDX,Zhang Y,Fu TD.Discussiononsome standards of variety registration and breeding goals of Brassica napus in China. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2007,29(3):350-352
[3]张芳,赵永国,谷铁城,张冬晓,刘凤兰,郭瑞星,付桂萍,张学昆.2001-2010年国家审定冬油菜品种的产量与主要性状分析.中国油料作物学报,2012,34(3):239-244ZhangF,Zhao YG,GuTC,ZhangDX,LiuFL,GuoR X,FuGP,ZhangXK. Yieldandagronomictraitsofwinter rapeseedcultivarsregisteredinChinafrom2001to2010.Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2012,34(3):239-244
[4]关周博,田建华,郑磊,姚雪雁,韦世豪,李少钦,董育红,李殿荣.适宜机械化栽培的甘蓝型油菜农艺性状与单株产量的相关性分析及耐密油菜育种探讨.中国农学通报,2013,29(18):79-83GuanZB,TianJH,ZhengL,YaoX Y,WeiSH,LiSQ,Dong Y H,Li D R. Correlation analysis of agronomic traits and yield per plant in Brassica napus L. of suitable mechanization plantingandstudyofbreedingoftolerancecloseplanting canola. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(18):79-83
[5]宋稀,刘凤兰,郑普英,张学昆,陆光远,付桂萍,程勇.高密度种植专用油菜重要农艺性状与产量的关系分析.中国农业科学,2010,43(9):1800-1806SongX,LiuFL,ZhengP Y,ZhangXK,LuG Y,FuGP,Cheng Y.Correlationanalysisbetweenagronomictraitsand yield of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)for high-density planting.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(9):1800-1806
[6]宋丰萍,蒙祖庆,窦胜玮,刘丹.春播半冬性甘蓝型油菜光温因子与产量及农艺性状的典型相关分析.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(8):987-993Song F P,Meng Z Q,Dou S W,Liu D. Canonical correlations of light and temperature with yield and agronomic traits of semiwinter rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)sowed in spring. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(8):987-993
[7]杨安中,彭春华.油菜单株产量与若干农艺性状的相关分析.安徽农学通报,2006,12(2):33-34Yang A Z,Peng C H. Correlation analysis of yield of oil menu and some agronomic traits. Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,12(2):33-34
[8]张锦芳,蒲晓斌,李浩杰,张启行,蒋梁材.不同来源甘蓝型油菜主要农艺性状与产量的相关分析.西南农业学报,2007,20(4):587-590Zhang J F,Pu X B,Li H J,Zhang Q X,Jiang L C. Correlation analysisbetweenmajoragronomilcharactersandyieldper plant in rapeseed(Brassica nanpus L.)from different source.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Science,2007,20(4):587-590
[9]倪正斌,孙红芹,万林生.甘蓝型油菜产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析.浙江农业科学,2017,58(7):1146-1149Ni Z B,Sun H Q,Wan L S. Grey relational analysis of yield andmainagronomictraitsofBrassicanapusL.. Agricultural Sciences,2017,58(7):1146-1149
[10]李宏军,杨鸿,朱传霞,胡金荣,薛高尚,黄琳,朱俊子,罗晓玲,张洋,文奕峰,魏廷龙.湖南省油菜品种农艺性状分析.作物杂志,2015(3):41-44Li H J,Yang H,Zhu C X,Hu J R,Xue G S,Huang L,Zhu J Z,Luo X L,Zhang Y,Wen Y F,Wei T L. Analysis on agronomic traits of rape varieties in province. Crops,2015(3):41-44
[11]白桂萍,刘克钊,谭永强,尹羽丰,余华强,王汉中.油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响.作物杂志,2015(6):33-38BaiGP,LiuKZ,Tan YQ,Yin YF,YuHQ,WangHZ.Effectofagronomictraitsonseedyieldinhigh-yielding rapeseed populations. Crops,2015(6):33-38
[12]王建林,次仁央金,大次卓嘎,王忠红.西藏与周边地区芥菜型油菜农艺性状比较研究.植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(4):562-569Wang J L,Cirenyangjin,Dacizhuoga,Wang Z H. Comparative betweenagronomical traitsof brassica junceaspecies intibet and the adjacent regions. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,12(4):562-569
[13]杜家菊,陈志伟.使用SPSS线性回归实现通径分析的方法.生物学通报,2010,45(2):4-6Du J J,Chen Z W. Method for path analysis using SPSS linear regression. Biology Bulletin,2010,45(2):4-6
[14]杜鹃.通径分析在EXCEL和SPSS中的实现.陕西气象,2012(1):15-18DuJ.Path AnalysisinEXCELandSPSS.Shaanxi Weather,2012(1):15-18
[15]宋小园,朱仲元,刘艳伟,赵宏瑾.通径分析在SPSS逐步线性回归中的实现.干旱区研究,2016,33(1):108-112SongXY,ZhuZY,LiuYW,ZhaoHJ. Applicationof pathanalysisinstepwiselinearregressionSPSS.AridZone Research,2016,33(1):108-112
[16]周丽艳,郭振清,马玉玲,东方阳,林小虎.春小麦品种农艺性状的主成分分析与聚类分析.麦类作物学报,2011,31(6):1057-1062Zhou L Y,Guo Z Q,Ma Y L,Dongfang Y,Lin X H. Principal componentandclusteranalysisofdifferentspringwheat cultivars based on agronomic traits. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2011,31(6):1057-1062
[17]陶爱芬,祁建民,林培青,方平平,吴建梅,林荔辉.红麻优异种质产量和品质性状主成分聚类分析与综合评价.中国农业科学,2008,41(9):2859-2867Tao A F,Qi J M,Lin P Q,Fang P P,Wu J M,Lin L H. Cluster analysisandevaluationofelitekanafgermplasmbasedon principalcomponents.Scientia AgriculturaSinica,2008,41(9):2859-2867
[18]郑本川,张锦芳,李浩杰,蒲晓斌,崔成,柴靓,蒋俊,牛应泽,蒋梁材.甘蓝型油菜生育期天数与产量构成性状的相关分析.中国油料作物学报,2013,35(3):240-245ZhengBC,ZhangJF,LiHJ,PuXB,CuiC,ChaiL,Jiang Jg Niu Y Z,Jiang L C. Correlation of the growth period characteristics,the grain yield per plant and the yield component characteristics in Brassica napus L. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2013,35(3):240-245
[19]黄益国,张学昆,张毅,雷利琴.不同熟期油菜品种农艺性状与产量的相关分析.作物研究,2017,31(3):260-264Huang Y G,Zhang X K,Zhang Y,Lei L Q. Correlation analysis about agronomic traits and yield of rape varieties with different maturity stages. Crop Research,2017,31(3):260-264
[2]涂金星,张冬晓,张毅,傅廷栋.我国油菜育种目标及品种审定问题的商榷.中国油料作物学报,2007,29(3):350-352TuJX,ZhangDX,Zhang Y,Fu TD.Discussiononsome standards of variety registration and breeding goals of Brassica napus in China. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2007,29(3):350-352
[3]张芳,赵永国,谷铁城,张冬晓,刘凤兰,郭瑞星,付桂萍,张学昆.2001-2010年国家审定冬油菜品种的产量与主要性状分析.中国油料作物学报,2012,34(3):239-244ZhangF,Zhao YG,GuTC,ZhangDX,LiuFL,GuoR X,FuGP,ZhangXK. Yieldandagronomictraitsofwinter rapeseedcultivarsregisteredinChinafrom2001to2010.Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2012,34(3):239-244
[4]关周博,田建华,郑磊,姚雪雁,韦世豪,李少钦,董育红,李殿荣.适宜机械化栽培的甘蓝型油菜农艺性状与单株产量的相关性分析及耐密油菜育种探讨.中国农学通报,2013,29(18):79-83GuanZB,TianJH,ZhengL,YaoX Y,WeiSH,LiSQ,Dong Y H,Li D R. Correlation analysis of agronomic traits and yield per plant in Brassica napus L. of suitable mechanization plantingandstudyofbreedingoftolerancecloseplanting canola. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(18):79-83
[5]宋稀,刘凤兰,郑普英,张学昆,陆光远,付桂萍,程勇.高密度种植专用油菜重要农艺性状与产量的关系分析.中国农业科学,2010,43(9):1800-1806SongX,LiuFL,ZhengP Y,ZhangXK,LuG Y,FuGP,Cheng Y.Correlationanalysisbetweenagronomictraitsand yield of rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)for high-density planting.Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2010,43(9):1800-1806
[6]宋丰萍,蒙祖庆,窦胜玮,刘丹.春播半冬性甘蓝型油菜光温因子与产量及农艺性状的典型相关分析.中国生态农业学报,2015,23(8):987-993Song F P,Meng Z Q,Dou S W,Liu D. Canonical correlations of light and temperature with yield and agronomic traits of semiwinter rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)sowed in spring. Chinese Journal of Eco-Agriculture,2015,23(8):987-993
[7]杨安中,彭春华.油菜单株产量与若干农艺性状的相关分析.安徽农学通报,2006,12(2):33-34Yang A Z,Peng C H. Correlation analysis of yield of oil menu and some agronomic traits. Agricultural Science Bulletin,2006,12(2):33-34
[8]张锦芳,蒲晓斌,李浩杰,张启行,蒋梁材.不同来源甘蓝型油菜主要农艺性状与产量的相关分析.西南农业学报,2007,20(4):587-590Zhang J F,Pu X B,Li H J,Zhang Q X,Jiang L C. Correlation analysisbetweenmajoragronomilcharactersandyieldper plant in rapeseed(Brassica nanpus L.)from different source.Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Science,2007,20(4):587-590
[9]倪正斌,孙红芹,万林生.甘蓝型油菜产量与主要农艺性状的灰色关联度分析.浙江农业科学,2017,58(7):1146-1149Ni Z B,Sun H Q,Wan L S. Grey relational analysis of yield andmainagronomictraitsofBrassicanapusL.. Agricultural Sciences,2017,58(7):1146-1149
[10]李宏军,杨鸿,朱传霞,胡金荣,薛高尚,黄琳,朱俊子,罗晓玲,张洋,文奕峰,魏廷龙.湖南省油菜品种农艺性状分析.作物杂志,2015(3):41-44Li H J,Yang H,Zhu C X,Hu J R,Xue G S,Huang L,Zhu J Z,Luo X L,Zhang Y,Wen Y F,Wei T L. Analysis on agronomic traits of rape varieties in province. Crops,2015(3):41-44
[11]白桂萍,刘克钊,谭永强,尹羽丰,余华强,王汉中.油菜高产群体各农艺性状对产量的影响.作物杂志,2015(6):33-38BaiGP,LiuKZ,Tan YQ,Yin YF,YuHQ,WangHZ.Effectofagronomictraitsonseedyieldinhigh-yielding rapeseed populations. Crops,2015(6):33-38
[12]王建林,次仁央金,大次卓嘎,王忠红.西藏与周边地区芥菜型油菜农艺性状比较研究.植物遗传资源学报,2011,12(4):562-569Wang J L,Cirenyangjin,Dacizhuoga,Wang Z H. Comparative betweenagronomical traitsof brassica junceaspecies intibet and the adjacent regions. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources,2011,12(4):562-569
[13]杜家菊,陈志伟.使用SPSS线性回归实现通径分析的方法.生物学通报,2010,45(2):4-6Du J J,Chen Z W. Method for path analysis using SPSS linear regression. Biology Bulletin,2010,45(2):4-6
[14]杜鹃.通径分析在EXCEL和SPSS中的实现.陕西气象,2012(1):15-18DuJ.Path AnalysisinEXCELandSPSS.Shaanxi Weather,2012(1):15-18
[15]宋小园,朱仲元,刘艳伟,赵宏瑾.通径分析在SPSS逐步线性回归中的实现.干旱区研究,2016,33(1):108-112SongXY,ZhuZY,LiuYW,ZhaoHJ. Applicationof pathanalysisinstepwiselinearregressionSPSS.AridZone Research,2016,33(1):108-112
[16]周丽艳,郭振清,马玉玲,东方阳,林小虎.春小麦品种农艺性状的主成分分析与聚类分析.麦类作物学报,2011,31(6):1057-1062Zhou L Y,Guo Z Q,Ma Y L,Dongfang Y,Lin X H. Principal componentandclusteranalysisofdifferentspringwheat cultivars based on agronomic traits. Journal of Triticeae Crops,2011,31(6):1057-1062
[17]陶爱芬,祁建民,林培青,方平平,吴建梅,林荔辉.红麻优异种质产量和品质性状主成分聚类分析与综合评价.中国农业科学,2008,41(9):2859-2867Tao A F,Qi J M,Lin P Q,Fang P P,Wu J M,Lin L H. Cluster analysisandevaluationofelitekanafgermplasmbasedon principalcomponents.Scientia AgriculturaSinica,2008,41(9):2859-2867
[18]郑本川,张锦芳,李浩杰,蒲晓斌,崔成,柴靓,蒋俊,牛应泽,蒋梁材.甘蓝型油菜生育期天数与产量构成性状的相关分析.中国油料作物学报,2013,35(3):240-245ZhengBC,ZhangJF,LiHJ,PuXB,CuiC,ChaiL,Jiang Jg Niu Y Z,Jiang L C. Correlation of the growth period characteristics,the grain yield per plant and the yield component characteristics in Brassica napus L. Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences,2013,35(3):240-245
[19]黄益国,张学昆,张毅,雷利琴.不同熟期油菜品种农艺性状与产量的相关分析.作物研究,2017,31(3):260-264Huang Y G,Zhang X K,Zhang Y,Lei L Q. Correlation analysis about agronomic traits and yield of rape varieties with different maturity stages. Crop Research,2017,31(3):260-264
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