基于一维流动模型的高速列车隧道交会空气阻力数值模拟研究
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摘要
应用一维可压缩非定常不等熵流动模型和广义黎曼变量特征线法,考虑列车交会诱发的空气压力和流速变化,提出高速列车隧道交会空气阻力的计算方法。研究中国标准动车组CR400AF隧道交会列车空气阻力变化规律,分析列车交会位置、隧道长度、阻塞比、列车运行速度和列车长度对列车空气阻力的影响。结果表明:在研究隧道内列车空气阻力和列车周围气流流动时必须考虑压缩波和膨胀波的传播方向,交会位置对平均列车空气阻力的影响较小;在隧道中央等速交会时,列车空气阻力随隧道长度、阻塞比和车速增大而增大,且这3者的影响程度依次增大;平均列车空气阻力与车速的2次方近似成正比,与阻塞比的0.67～0.75次方成正比,与隧道长度的0.01次方成正比;时速300～400km等级16辆编组高速列车的平均列车空气阻力约为8辆编组的1.65～1.70倍。
Based on one-dimensional compressible unsteady non-homoentropic flow model and the generalized Riemann variable characteristic line method,the calculation method for the air resistance of high speed trains crossing in tunnel was proposed considering the variations of air pressure and flow velocity induced by trains.The variations of the air resistance of two CR400 AF,the standard EMUs in China,crossing in the tunnel,were studied.The effects of train crossing position,tunnel length,blockage ratio,running speed and train length on the air resistance of train were analyzed.Results show that the propagation directions of compression wave and the expansion wave must be considered when studying the air resistance of train and the air flow around train in tunnel.The crossing position has little influence on the average air resistance of train.When two trains crossing in the center of tunnel with the same speed,the air resistance of train increases with the increase of tunnel length,blockage ratio,and train speed,and the influence degrees of these three factors increase in order.The average train air resistance is approximately proportional to the second power of train speed,0.67～0.75 power of blocking ratio and 0.01 power of tunnel length.The average air resistance of a 16-car formation high speed train at the speed of 300～400km·h-1 is about 1.65～1.70 times of an 8-car formation train.
Based on one-dimensional compressible unsteady non-homoentropic flow model and the generalized Riemann variable characteristic line method,the calculation method for the air resistance of high speed trains crossing in tunnel was proposed considering the variations of air pressure and flow velocity induced by trains.The variations of the air resistance of two CR400 AF,the standard EMUs in China,crossing in the tunnel,were studied.The effects of train crossing position,tunnel length,blockage ratio,running speed and train length on the air resistance of train were analyzed.Results show that the propagation directions of compression wave and the expansion wave must be considered when studying the air resistance of train and the air flow around train in tunnel.The crossing position has little influence on the average air resistance of train.When two trains crossing in the center of tunnel with the same speed,the air resistance of train increases with the increase of tunnel length,blockage ratio,and train speed,and the influence degrees of these three factors increase in order.The average train air resistance is approximately proportional to the second power of train speed,0.67～0.75 power of blocking ratio and 0.01 power of tunnel length.The average air resistance of a 16-car formation high speed train at the speed of 300～400km·h-1 is about 1.65～1.70 times of an 8-car formation train.
引文
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[10] HWANG J,LEE D H.Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads on High Speed Trains Passing by Each Other[J].KSME International Journal,2000,14(8):867-878.
[11] HARA T.Aerodynamic Drag of Train in Tunnels[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,1967,8(4):229-235.
[12] SOCKEL H.Formulae for the Calculation of Pressure Effects in Railway Tunnels[C]//Proceedings of the 11th ISAVVT.Cranfield,UK:BHRG,2003,2:581-595.
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[15]梅元贵.高速铁路隧道空气动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.(MEI Yuangui.Aerodynamics of High-Speed Railway Tunnel[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.in Chinese)
[16] WOODS W A,POPE C W.A Generalised Flow Prediction Method for the Unsteady Flow Generated by a Train in a Single-Track Tunnel[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1981,7(3):331-360.
[17] MEI Y G.A Generalized Numerical Simulation Method for Pressure Waves Generated by High-Speed Trains Passing through Tunnels[J].Advances in Structural Engineering,2013,16(8):1427-1436.
[18] YAMAMOTO A.Aerodynamics of Train and Tunnels[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Vehicle Mechanics.Detroit:SAE,1968:151-163.
[19] VARDY A E.Unsteady Airflows in Rapid Transit Systems,Part 2:Theoretical Background and Design Parameters[J].ARCHIVE Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1980,194:349-356.
[20]史宪明,万晓燕,吴剑.单列列车通过无辅助坑道长大铁路隧道时空气阻力计算方法研究[J].隧道建设,2010,30(5):522-527.(SHI Xianming,WAN Xiaoyan,WU Jian.Study on Method to Calculate Air Resistance Caused by Single Train Running through Long Railway Tunnels without Auxiliary Adit[J].Tunnel Construction,2010,30(5):522-527.in Chinese)
[21]史宪明.长大铁路隧道列车相向及同向运行时空气阻力的计算方法研究[J].路基工程,2012(5):56-59.(SHI Xianming.Study on Calculation Methods for Aerodynamic Drag When Train Running in Opposite and Same Direction in Oversized Railway Tunnel[J].Subgrade Engineering,2012,(5):56-59.in China)
[22]杨国伟,赵桂林,郭迪龙,等.高速列车气动效应研究[R].北京:中国科学院力学研究所,2013:85-86.(YANG Guowei,ZHAO Guilin,GUO Dilong,et al.Aerodynamics Effect Study of High Speed Train[R].Beijing:Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013:85-86.in Chinese)
[2] GAWTHORPE R G.Aerodynamics of Trains in Tunnels[J].Railway Engineer International,1978,3(4):41-47.
[3] SCHETZ J A.Aerodynamics of High-Speed Trains[J].Advances in Mechanics,2001,33(1):371-414.
[4] PETERS J L.Measurement of the Influence of Tunnel Length on the Tunnel Drag of the ICE/V Train[C]//Aerodynamics and Ventilation of Vehicle Tunnels.London:Elsevier Special Publication,1991:739-756.
[5]赵有明,马伟斌,程爱君,等.高速铁路隧道气动效应[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2012.(ZHAO Youming,MA Weibing,CHENG Aijun,et al.High-Speed Railway Tunnel Aerodynamic Effects[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2012.in Chinese)
[6]康熊,曾宇清,张波.高速列车空气阻力测量分析方法[J].中国铁道科学,2012,33(5):54-59.(KANG Xiong,ZENG Yuqing,ZHANG Bo.Measurement Method for the Air Resistance of High Speed Train[J].China Railway Science,2012,33(5):54-59.in Chinese)
[7] YANG M,DU J,LI Z,et al.Moving Model Test of High-Speed Train Aerodynamic Drag Based on Stagnation Pressure Measurements[J].Plos One,2017,12(1):doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0169471.
[8] CHU C R,CHIEN S Y,WANG C Y,et al.Numerical Simulation of Two Trains Intersecting in a Tunnel[J].Tunnelling&Underground Space Technology,2014,42(5):161-174.
[9] SUN Z X,ZHANG Y,GUO D L,et al.Research on Running Stability of CRH3High Speed Trains Passing by Each Other[J].Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics,2014,8(1):140-157.
[10] HWANG J,LEE D H.Unsteady Aerodynamic Loads on High Speed Trains Passing by Each Other[J].KSME International Journal,2000,14(8):867-878.
[11] HARA T.Aerodynamic Drag of Train in Tunnels[J].Quarterly Report of RTRI,1967,8(4):229-235.
[12] SOCKEL H.Formulae for the Calculation of Pressure Effects in Railway Tunnels[C]//Proceedings of the 11th ISAVVT.Cranfield,UK:BHRG,2003,2:581-595.
[13]王韦,王建宇,陈正林.隧道中高速列车活塞风及空气阻力的计算[J].中国铁道科学,1999,20(1):9-16.(WANG Wei,WANG Jianyu,CHEN Zhenglin.Computation of Piston Wind and Aerodynamic Drag on High-Speed Train in Tunnel[J].China Railway Science,1999,20(1):9-16.in Chinese)
[14] STEINRIICK P,SOCKEL H.Further Calculations on Transient Pressure Alleviation and Simplified Formulae for Initial Tunnel Design[C]//Proceedings of the 5th ISAVVT.Lille,France:BHRA,1985:317-341.
[15]梅元贵.高速铁路隧道空气动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.(MEI Yuangui.Aerodynamics of High-Speed Railway Tunnel[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.in Chinese)
[16] WOODS W A,POPE C W.A Generalised Flow Prediction Method for the Unsteady Flow Generated by a Train in a Single-Track Tunnel[J].Journal of Wind Engineering&Industrial Aerodynamics,1981,7(3):331-360.
[17] MEI Y G.A Generalized Numerical Simulation Method for Pressure Waves Generated by High-Speed Trains Passing through Tunnels[J].Advances in Structural Engineering,2013,16(8):1427-1436.
[18] YAMAMOTO A.Aerodynamics of Train and Tunnels[C]//Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Vehicle Mechanics.Detroit:SAE,1968:151-163.
[19] VARDY A E.Unsteady Airflows in Rapid Transit Systems,Part 2:Theoretical Background and Design Parameters[J].ARCHIVE Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers,1980,194:349-356.
[20]史宪明,万晓燕,吴剑.单列列车通过无辅助坑道长大铁路隧道时空气阻力计算方法研究[J].隧道建设,2010,30(5):522-527.(SHI Xianming,WAN Xiaoyan,WU Jian.Study on Method to Calculate Air Resistance Caused by Single Train Running through Long Railway Tunnels without Auxiliary Adit[J].Tunnel Construction,2010,30(5):522-527.in Chinese)
[21]史宪明.长大铁路隧道列车相向及同向运行时空气阻力的计算方法研究[J].路基工程,2012(5):56-59.(SHI Xianming.Study on Calculation Methods for Aerodynamic Drag When Train Running in Opposite and Same Direction in Oversized Railway Tunnel[J].Subgrade Engineering,2012,(5):56-59.in China)
[22]杨国伟,赵桂林,郭迪龙,等.高速列车气动效应研究[R].北京:中国科学院力学研究所,2013:85-86.(YANG Guowei,ZHAO Guilin,GUO Dilong,et al.Aerodynamics Effect Study of High Speed Train[R].Beijing:Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2013:85-86.in Chinese)
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