不同锥栗农家种种仁中9种矿质元素含量的因子分析与聚类分析
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摘要
为探明锥栗种仁中矿质元素含量特征规律,以30种主要锥栗农家种种仁为试材,采用自动间断分析仪与原子吸收光谱法测定N、P、K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn、Zn和Cu 9种矿质元素指标,运用相关性分析、因子分析和聚类分析对其矿质元素含量进行分析。结果表明,Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验表明9种矿质元素含量数据服从正态分布,9种矿质元素平均含量顺序为N(6 873.74 mg/kg)>K(4 402.32 mg/kg)>P(1 619.16 mg/kg)>Ca(471.18 mg/kg)>Mg(394.59 mg/kg)>Mn(115.80 mg/kg)>Fe(16.22 mg/kg)>Zn(8.68 mg/kg)>Cu(7.59 mg/kg),大量元素中N、K、P与Ca、Mg存在显著差异(P<0.05),微量元素中Mn与Fe、Zn、Cu差异显著(P<0.05),变异系数范围为8.29%～54.43%;相关性分析表明各元素之间存在着复杂的关联性;因子分析结果表明,N、P、Mn、K、Cu和Fe是锥栗的特征元素,提取的6个公因子累计方差贡献率为90.572%,第1公因子方差贡献率为22.400%,主要综合了N、P和Mn 3种元素的信息,第2公因子方差贡献率为15.572%,主要综合了K和Cu 2种元素的信息,第3公因子方差贡献率为14.701%,与Fe有关,第4公因子方差贡献率为14.614%,与Mg有关,第5公因子方差贡献率为11.936%,与Ca有关,第6公因子方差贡献率为11.349%,与Zn有关,综合得分排名前5名依次为蔓榛、长芒仔、中尖嘴、材榛和小尖嘴;从元素含量角度进行聚类分析,30种锥栗农家种可分为6类。本研究结果可为进一步开展锥栗营养功能评价、锥栗育种亲本选择和锥栗食品开发等提供基本参考数据。
In order to elucidate the characteristics of mineral elements in the seed kernels of Chinese chinquapin (Castanea henryi), the contents of nine mineral elements including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in 30 major varieties were determined using a discontinuous autoanalyzer and atom absorption spectrometry and they were analyzed by correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results were showed that the contents of all 9 mineral elements obeyed normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The average contents followed the descending order of N (6 873.74 mg/kg) > K (4 402.32 mg/kg) > P (1 619.16 mg/kg) > Ca (471.18 mg/kg)> Mg (394.59 mg/kg) > Mn (115.80 mg/kg) > Fe (16.22 mg/kg) > Zn (8.68 mg/kg) > Cu (7.59 mg/kg). As far as the macroelements were concerned, N, K and P were significantly different from Ca and Mg (P < 0.05); as for the microelements, Mn was significantly different from Fe, Zn and Cu (P < 0.05). The coefficients of variation varied from 8.29% (Zn) to 54.43% (Fe). Correlation analysis showed that there was a complex correlation among these elements. The results of factor analysis showed that N, P, Mn, K, Cu and Fe were the characteristic elements of Chinese chinquapin, and that the cumulative variance contribution rate of six common factors extracted was 90.572%. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the first common factor (F_1) was 22.400%, representing N, P and Mn. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the second common factor (F_2) was 15.572%, representing K and Cu. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the third common factor (F_3) was 14.701%, representing Fe. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the fourth common factor (F_4) was 14.614%, representing Mg. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the fifth common factor (F_5) was 11.936%, representing Ca. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the sixth common factor (F_6) was 11.349%, representing Zn. The top five varieties with the highest synthetic scores were ‘Manzhen', ‘Changmangzi', ‘Zhongjianzui', ‘Caizhen', ‘Xiaojianzui'. The 30 Chinese chinquapin varieties were classified into 6 groups by cluster analysis. The results of this study can provide basic data for evaluating nutritional properties of Chinese chinquapin, breeding new varieties and developing Chinese chinquapin-based foods.
In order to elucidate the characteristics of mineral elements in the seed kernels of Chinese chinquapin (Castanea henryi), the contents of nine mineral elements including N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn and Cu in 30 major varieties were determined using a discontinuous autoanalyzer and atom absorption spectrometry and they were analyzed by correlation analysis, factor analysis and cluster analysis. The results were showed that the contents of all 9 mineral elements obeyed normal distribution by Kolmogorov-Smirnov test. The average contents followed the descending order of N (6 873.74 mg/kg) > K (4 402.32 mg/kg) > P (1 619.16 mg/kg) > Ca (471.18 mg/kg)> Mg (394.59 mg/kg) > Mn (115.80 mg/kg) > Fe (16.22 mg/kg) > Zn (8.68 mg/kg) > Cu (7.59 mg/kg). As far as the macroelements were concerned, N, K and P were significantly different from Ca and Mg (P < 0.05); as for the microelements, Mn was significantly different from Fe, Zn and Cu (P < 0.05). The coefficients of variation varied from 8.29% (Zn) to 54.43% (Fe). Correlation analysis showed that there was a complex correlation among these elements. The results of factor analysis showed that N, P, Mn, K, Cu and Fe were the characteristic elements of Chinese chinquapin, and that the cumulative variance contribution rate of six common factors extracted was 90.572%. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the first common factor (F_1) was 22.400%, representing N, P and Mn. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the second common factor (F_2) was 15.572%, representing K and Cu. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the third common factor (F_3) was 14.701%, representing Fe. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the fourth common factor (F_4) was 14.614%, representing Mg. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the fifth common factor (F_5) was 11.936%, representing Ca. The cumulative variance contribution rate of the sixth common factor (F_6) was 11.349%, representing Zn. The top five varieties with the highest synthetic scores were ‘Manzhen', ‘Changmangzi', ‘Zhongjianzui', ‘Caizhen', ‘Xiaojianzui'. The 30 Chinese chinquapin varieties were classified into 6 groups by cluster analysis. The results of this study can provide basic data for evaluating nutritional properties of Chinese chinquapin, breeding new varieties and developing Chinese chinquapin-based foods.
引文
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[9]马冬雪,刘仁林.9种壳斗科树种坚果3种矿质元素及VC含量分析[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(2):253-255.
[10]郑诚乐,吴少华,佘文琴,等.锥栗果实营养成分分析与品质的模糊评判[J].福建林学院学报,2003(4):293-296.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-389X.2003.04.002.
[11]邹锋,袁德义,高超,等.自动间断化学分析仪与原子吸收光谱法测定授粉受精期油茶子房的元素含量[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(4):1095-1099.DOI:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2014)04-1095-05.
[12]陈军辉,谢明勇,傅博强,等.西洋参中无机元素的主成分分析和聚类分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(7):1326-1329.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0593.2006.07.035.
[13]王卫星,曹淑萍,李攻科,等.天津板栗品质分析及其立地地质背景研究[J].物探与化探,2017,41(5):972-976.DOI:10.11720/wtyht.2017.5.27.
[14]黄小龙,何小青,张念,等.ICP-MS法测定多种微量元素用于地理标志产品苹果的鉴定[J].食品科学,2010,31(8):171-173.
[15]马小卫,马永利,武红霞,等.基于因子分析和聚类分析的杧果种质矿质元素含量评价[J].园艺学报,2018,45(7):1371-1381.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0794.
[16]匡立学,聂继云,李志霞,等.不同苹果品种果实矿质元素含量的因子分析和聚类分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(14):2807-2815.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.14.016.
[17]杨为海,张明楷,邹明宏,等.澳洲坚果不同种质果仁矿质元素含量分析[J].中国粮油学报,2016,31(12):158-162.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-0174.2016.12.028.
[18]ARIVALAGAN M,GANGOPADHYAY K K,KUMAR G,et al.Variability in mineral composition of Indian eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes[J].Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2012,26:173-176.DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2012.03.001.
[19]CAMPANOZZI A,AVALLONE S,BARBATO A,et al.High sodium and low potassium intake among Italian children:relationship with age,body mass and blood pressure[J].PLoS ONE,2015,10(4):e0121183.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0121183.
[20]TURCK D,BRESSON J,BURLINGAME B,et al.Calcium and contribution to the normal development of bones:evaluation of a health claim pursuant to article 14 of Regulation (EC) No1924/2006[J].Efsa Journal,2016,14(10):4587.DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4587.
[21]REUNANEN A,TAKKUNEN H,KNEKT P,et al.Body iron stores,dietary iron intake and coronary heart disease mortality[J].Journal of Internal Medicine,1995,238:223-230.
[22]牛芸民,杨天林.若干重要微量金属元素的生物化学功能及其与人体健康的关系[J].微量元素与健康研究,2014,31(2):78-80.
[23]ABEBE M.Genetic variation for grain mineral content in tropicaladapted maize inbred lines[J].Food Chemistry,2008,110:454-464.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.025.
[24]于冬梅,何宇纳,郭齐雅,等.2002-2012年中国居民能量营养素摄入状况及变化趋势[J].卫生研究,2016,45(4):52.
[25]金瑛,李艳平,胡小琪,等.我国成人膳食多样化与营养素摄入充足状态的关系[J].营养学报,2009,31(1):21-25;29.
[26]王广西,胡燕,罗琼,等.大米中矿质元素含量测定及分析[J].核技术,2017,40(8):53-58.
[27]程义勇.《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》2013修订版简介[J].营养学报,2014,36(4):313-317.DOI:10.13325/j.cnki.acta.nutr.sin.2014.04.002.
[28]虞晓凡,蒋高明.中国大豆主要矿质元素含量特征与分析评价[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(1):21-25.DOI:10.14083/jissn.1001-4942.2015.01.006.
[29]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
[30]KURTANJEK?,HORVAT D,MAGDI?D,et al.Factor analysis and modelling for rapid quality assessment of croatian wheat cultivars with different gluten characteristics[J].Food Technology&Biotechnology,2008,46(3):270-277.
[31]MASTILOVI?J S,HORVAT D I,?IVAN?EV D R,et al.Analysis of interrelations between wheat protein fractions composition and its technological quality with combined multivariate and univariate statistics[J].Hemijska Industrija,2014,68(3):321-329.
[32]古丽尼沙·卡斯木,木合塔尔·扎热,张东亚,等.基于因子分析的无花果引进品种果实品质性状综合评价[J].食品科学,2018,39(1):99-104.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201801015.
[33]GANOPOULOS I,MOYSIADIS T,XANTHOPOULOU A,et al.Morpho-physiological diversity in the collection of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) cultivars of the Fruit Genebank in Naoussa,Greece using multivariate analysis[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016,207:225-232.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.061.
[2]FAN X M,YUAN D Y,TIAN X M,et al.Comprehensive transcriptome analysis of phytohormone biosynthesis and signaling genes in the flowers of Chinese chinquapin(Castanea henryi)[J].Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,2017,65(47):10332-10349.DOI:10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03755.
[3]徐强,郝玉金,黄三文,等.果实品质研究进展[J].中国基础科学,2016,18(1):55-62.DOI:10.3969/j.isssn.1009.2412.2016.01.009.
[4]张旭辉,袁德义,邹锋,等.锥栗花粉直感效应研究[J].园艺学报,2016,43(1):61-70.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2015-0384.
[5]张琳,范晓明,林青,等.锥栗种仁转录组及淀粉和蔗糖代谢相关酶基因的表达分析[J].植物遗传资源学报,2015,16(3):603-611.DOI:10.13430/j.cnki.jpgr.2015.03.025.
[6]秦玉星,龚榜初,吴小林,等.锥栗不同无性系营养品质的变异和相关性分析[J].江西农业大学学报,2008(4):675-679.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-2286.2008.04.021.
[7]郑诚乐,张小红,黄宁,等.锥栗不同品种果实营养成分分析初报[J].亚热带植物科学,2002(4):5-8.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1009-7791.2002.04.002.
[8]范晓明,袁德义,段经华,等.锥栗种仁发育期叶片与果实矿质元素含量的变化[J].园艺学报,2014,41(1):44-52.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2014.01.009.
[9]马冬雪,刘仁林.9种壳斗科树种坚果3种矿质元素及VC含量分析[J].林业科学研究,2011,24(2):253-255.
[10]郑诚乐,吴少华,佘文琴,等.锥栗果实营养成分分析与品质的模糊评判[J].福建林学院学报,2003(4):293-296.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1001-389X.2003.04.002.
[11]邹锋,袁德义,高超,等.自动间断化学分析仪与原子吸收光谱法测定授粉受精期油茶子房的元素含量[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2014,34(4):1095-1099.DOI:10.3964/j.issn.1000-0593(2014)04-1095-05.
[12]陈军辉,谢明勇,傅博强,等.西洋参中无机元素的主成分分析和聚类分析[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2006,26(7):1326-1329.DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1000-0593.2006.07.035.
[13]王卫星,曹淑萍,李攻科,等.天津板栗品质分析及其立地地质背景研究[J].物探与化探,2017,41(5):972-976.DOI:10.11720/wtyht.2017.5.27.
[14]黄小龙,何小青,张念,等.ICP-MS法测定多种微量元素用于地理标志产品苹果的鉴定[J].食品科学,2010,31(8):171-173.
[15]马小卫,马永利,武红霞,等.基于因子分析和聚类分析的杧果种质矿质元素含量评价[J].园艺学报,2018,45(7):1371-1381.DOI:10.16420/j.issn.0513-353x.2017-0794.
[16]匡立学,聂继云,李志霞,等.不同苹果品种果实矿质元素含量的因子分析和聚类分析[J].中国农业科学,2017,50(14):2807-2815.DOI:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.14.016.
[17]杨为海,张明楷,邹明宏,等.澳洲坚果不同种质果仁矿质元素含量分析[J].中国粮油学报,2016,31(12):158-162.DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-0174.2016.12.028.
[18]ARIVALAGAN M,GANGOPADHYAY K K,KUMAR G,et al.Variability in mineral composition of Indian eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) genotypes[J].Journal of Food Composition and Analysis,2012,26:173-176.DOI:10.1016/j.jfca.2012.03.001.
[19]CAMPANOZZI A,AVALLONE S,BARBATO A,et al.High sodium and low potassium intake among Italian children:relationship with age,body mass and blood pressure[J].PLoS ONE,2015,10(4):e0121183.DOI:10.1371/journal.pone.0121183.
[20]TURCK D,BRESSON J,BURLINGAME B,et al.Calcium and contribution to the normal development of bones:evaluation of a health claim pursuant to article 14 of Regulation (EC) No1924/2006[J].Efsa Journal,2016,14(10):4587.DOI:10.2903/j.efsa.2016.4587.
[21]REUNANEN A,TAKKUNEN H,KNEKT P,et al.Body iron stores,dietary iron intake and coronary heart disease mortality[J].Journal of Internal Medicine,1995,238:223-230.
[22]牛芸民,杨天林.若干重要微量金属元素的生物化学功能及其与人体健康的关系[J].微量元素与健康研究,2014,31(2):78-80.
[23]ABEBE M.Genetic variation for grain mineral content in tropicaladapted maize inbred lines[J].Food Chemistry,2008,110:454-464.DOI:10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.02.025.
[24]于冬梅,何宇纳,郭齐雅,等.2002-2012年中国居民能量营养素摄入状况及变化趋势[J].卫生研究,2016,45(4):52.
[25]金瑛,李艳平,胡小琪,等.我国成人膳食多样化与营养素摄入充足状态的关系[J].营养学报,2009,31(1):21-25;29.
[26]王广西,胡燕,罗琼,等.大米中矿质元素含量测定及分析[J].核技术,2017,40(8):53-58.
[27]程义勇.《中国居民膳食营养素参考摄入量》2013修订版简介[J].营养学报,2014,36(4):313-317.DOI:10.13325/j.cnki.acta.nutr.sin.2014.04.002.
[28]虞晓凡,蒋高明.中国大豆主要矿质元素含量特征与分析评价[J].山东农业科学,2015,47(1):21-25.DOI:10.14083/jissn.1001-4942.2015.01.006.
[29]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南(2016)[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016.
[30]KURTANJEK?,HORVAT D,MAGDI?D,et al.Factor analysis and modelling for rapid quality assessment of croatian wheat cultivars with different gluten characteristics[J].Food Technology&Biotechnology,2008,46(3):270-277.
[31]MASTILOVI?J S,HORVAT D I,?IVAN?EV D R,et al.Analysis of interrelations between wheat protein fractions composition and its technological quality with combined multivariate and univariate statistics[J].Hemijska Industrija,2014,68(3):321-329.
[32]古丽尼沙·卡斯木,木合塔尔·扎热,张东亚,等.基于因子分析的无花果引进品种果实品质性状综合评价[J].食品科学,2018,39(1):99-104.DOI:10.7506/spkx1002-6630-201801015.
[33]GANOPOULOS I,MOYSIADIS T,XANTHOPOULOU A,et al.Morpho-physiological diversity in the collection of sour cherry (Prunus cerasus) cultivars of the Fruit Genebank in Naoussa,Greece using multivariate analysis[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2016,207:225-232.DOI:10.1016/j.scienta.2015.09.061.
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