农田土壤重金属空间变异多尺度分析——以北京顺义土壤Cd为例
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摘要
为了揭示土壤重金属的空间分异性及其空间结构特征,对2007年北京市顺义区农田土壤采样数据中Cd含量进行多尺度分析,采用半方差分析法和尺度方差分析法定量刻画了土壤Cd空间变异的空间等级结构和特征尺度。结果表明:顺义区土壤Cd含量的变异系数为44.9%,达到中等强度变异,土壤Cd含量具有较强的空间自相关性,且存在空间多尺度结构,3.5、9.6 km左右为土壤Cd的两个特征尺度,其在小尺度上受土地利用强度的影响,大尺度上主要受土壤类型的影响。多尺度分析方法可定量化解析农田土壤重金属空间变异,有效识别不同尺度上的主导因素。
In order to reveal the spatial heterogeneity and spatial structure characteristics of soil heavy metals, a multiscale analysis of Cd content in soil sampling data of 2007 in Beijing′ s Shunyi District was conducted. Using semi-variance analysis and scale analysis of variance methods, we quantitatively characterized the spatial hierarchy structure and feature scales of the spatial variations of soil Cd. The results showed that the Cd variation coefficient was 44.9% in farmland soil of Shunyi District, Beijing, and the coefficient of variation of soil Cd was moderate. The soil Cd content had strong spatial autocorrelation with a spatial multiscale structure; approximately 3.5 km and 9.6km were two feature scales of Cd. These feature scales, which were affected by land-use intensity at small scales, were mainly influenced by soil type at large scales. The multiscale analysis method can quantitatively analyze the spatial variability of heavy metals in farmland soil and identify the dominant factors at different scales.
In order to reveal the spatial heterogeneity and spatial structure characteristics of soil heavy metals, a multiscale analysis of Cd content in soil sampling data of 2007 in Beijing′ s Shunyi District was conducted. Using semi-variance analysis and scale analysis of variance methods, we quantitatively characterized the spatial hierarchy structure and feature scales of the spatial variations of soil Cd. The results showed that the Cd variation coefficient was 44.9% in farmland soil of Shunyi District, Beijing, and the coefficient of variation of soil Cd was moderate. The soil Cd content had strong spatial autocorrelation with a spatial multiscale structure; approximately 3.5 km and 9.6km were two feature scales of Cd. These feature scales, which were affected by land-use intensity at small scales, were mainly influenced by soil type at large scales. The multiscale analysis method can quantitatively analyze the spatial variability of heavy metals in farmland soil and identify the dominant factors at different scales.
引文
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[14]姜春,吴志峰,钱乐祥,等.广东山区土壤有机碳空间变异的尺度效应[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(16):5118-5125.JIANG Chun, WU Zhi-feng, QIAN Le-xiang, et al. Scaling effect on spatial variation of soil organic carbon in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(16):5118-5125.
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[17]秦先燕,李运怀,孙跃,等.环巢湖典型农业区土壤重金属来源解析[J].地球与环境, 2017, 45(4):455-463.QIN Xian-yan, LI Yun-huai, SUN Yue, et al. Source apportionment of soil heavy metals in typically agricultural region around Chaohu Lake, China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2017, 45(4):455-463.
[18]曹勤英,黄志宏.污染土壤重金属形态分析及其影响因素研究进展[J].生态科学, 2017, 36(6):222-232.CAO Qin-ying, HUANG Zhi-hong. Review on speciation analysis of heavy metals in polluted soils and its influencing factors[J]. Ecological Science, 2017, 36(6):222-232.
[19]陈丹青,谢志宜,张雅静,等.基于PCA/APCS和地统计学的广州市土壤重金属来源解析[J].生态环境学报, 2016, 25(6):1014-1022.CHEN Dan-qing, XIE Zhi-yi, ZHANG Ya-jing, et al. Source apportionment of soil heavy metals in Guangzhou based on the PCA/APCS model and geostatistics[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016,25(6):1014-1022.
[20]庄大方,刘纪远.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究[J].自然资源学报, 1997, 12(2):105-111.ZHUANG Da-fang, LIU Ji-yuan. Study on the model of regional differentiation of land use degree in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 1997, 12(2):105-111.
[21]韩平,王纪华,冯晓元,等.北京顺义区土壤重金属污染生态风险评估研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(1):103-109.HAN Ping, WANG Ji-hua, FENG Xiao-yuan, et al. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils in Shunyi, Beijing[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(1):103-109.
[22] Lu A X, Wang J H, Qin X Y, et al. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and origin of heavy metals in the agricultural soils in Shunyi, Beijing, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 425(1):66-74.
[23] Zheng Y M, Chen T B, He J Z. Multivariate geostatistical analysis of heavy metals in topsoils from Beijing, China[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments, 2008, 8(1):51-58.
[24]杨孟,李凤英,刁一伟,等.城市区域土壤铅含量空间变异的多尺度研究进展[J].环境科学, 2014, 35(4):1586-1596.YANG Meng, LI Feng-ying, DIAO Yi-wei, et al. A review of multiscale studies on spatial variation of the lead(Pb)concentration in urban soils[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(4):1586-1596.
[25]吴绍华,周生路,杨得志,等.宜兴市近郊土壤重金属来源与空间分布研究[J].科学通报, 2008, 53(增刊1):162-170.WU Shao-hua, ZHOU Sheng-lu, YANG De-zhi, et al. Study on the distribution and spatial distribution of heavy metals in the suburbs of Yixing City[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008, 53(Suppl 1):162-170.
[26] Robertson G P, Gross K L. Assessing the heterogeneity of belowground resources:Quantifying pattern and scale[M]//Caldwell M M,Pearcy R W, et al. Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants:Ecophysiological processes above and belowground, San Diego:Academic Press, 1994:237-253.
[27]李善龙,金永焕,王铎,等.长白山自然保护区道路影响域土壤Zn和Pb分布及污染分析[J].土壤通报, 2012, 43(2):477-483.LI Shan-long, JIN Yong-huan, WANG Duo, et al. Assessment of contamination and spatial distribution of Zn and Pb in roadside soils of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 43(2):477-483.
[28] Dao L, Morrison L, Zhang H, et al. Influences of traffic on Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations in roadside soils of an urban park in Dublin, Ireland[J]. Environmental Geochemistry&Health, 2014, 36(3):333-343.
[29]柳云龙,章立佳,韩晓非,等.上海城市样带土壤重金属空间变异特征及污染评价[J].环境科学, 2012, 33(2):599-605.LIU Yun-long, ZHANG Li-jia, HAN Xiao-fei, et al. Spatial variability and evaluation of soil heavy metal contamination in the urban-transect of Shanghai[J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(2):599-605.
[30]王飞,赵立欣,沈玉君,等.华北地区畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属含量及溯源分析[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(19):202-208.WANG Fei, ZHAO Li-xin, SHEN Yu-jun, et al. Analysis of heavy metal contents and source tracing in organic fertilizer from livestock manure in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(19):202-208.
[31] Nanos N, Martín J A R. Multiscale analysis of heavy metal contents in soils:Spatial variability in the Duero river basin(Spain)[J]. Geoderma,2012, s189/190(6):554-562.
[2]黄银华.广州市农业表层土壤重金属污染及其与景观格局的多尺度关系[D].广州:广州大学, 2015.HUANG Yin-hua. Teace metal pollution of agricultural surface soil and its mutil-scale relationship with landscape pattern at multiple scales in Guangzhou[D]. Guangzhou:Guangzhou University, 2015.
[3] Zhao Y, Wang Z, Sun W, et al. Spatial interrelations and multi-scale sources of soil heavy metal variability in a typical urban-rural transition area in Yangtze River delta region of China[J]. Geoderma, 2010, 156(3):216-227.
[4]许尔琪,张红旗.伊犁新垦区土壤有机质的克里金插值和条件模拟多尺度分析[J].土壤, 2013, 45(1):91-98.XU Er-qi, ZHANG Hong-qi. Multi-scale analysis of kriging interpolation and conditional simulation for soil organic matters in newly reclaimed area in Yili[J]. Soil, 2013, 45(1):91-98.
[5]曾丽婷,陈永康,王学松.城市表层土壤重金属与磁化率的多尺度空间变异分析[J].环境科学学报, 2014, 34(4):987-995.ZENG Li-ting, CHEN Yong-kang, WANG Xue-song. Multi-scale spatial variability analysis of heavy metals and magnetic susceptibility in urban topsoil[J]. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2014, 34(4):987-995.
[6]王幼奇,白一茹,王建宇.引黄灌区不同尺度农田土壤重金属空间分布及污染评价:以银川市兴庆区为例[J].环境科学, 2014, 35(7):2714-2720.WANG You-qi, BAI Yi-ru, WANG Jian-yu. Distribution of soil heavy metal and pollution evaluation on the different sampling scales in farmland on Yellow River irrigation area of Ningxia:A case study in Xingqing County of Yinchuan City[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(7):2714-2720.
[7]霍霄妮,李红,张微微,等.北京耕作土壤重金属多尺度空间结构[J].农业工程学报, 2009, 25(3):223-229.HUO Xiao-ni, LI Hong, ZHANG Wei-wei, et al. Multi-scale spatial structure of heavy metals in Beijing cultivated soils[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(3):223-229.
[8]黄银华,李铖,李芳柏,等.广州市农业表层土壤镉和铅多尺度空间结构[J].土壤, 2015, 47(6):1144-1150.HUANG Yin-hua, LI Cheng, LI Fang-bai, et al. Multi-scale spatial structure of Cd and Pb in agricultural soils in Guangzhou[J]. Soils,2015, 47(6):1144-1150.
[9]王景云,乔鹏炜,杨军,等.基于空间结构特征的土壤Cu、Pb来源解析——以北京市东南郊污灌区为例[J].植物营养与肥料学报, 2018,24(1):195-202.WANG Jing-yun, QIAO Peng-wei, YANG Jun, et al. Source tracing of soil Cu and Pb based on spatial structure characteristics:A case study in the sewage irrigated area in the southeast suburb of Beijing[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizers, 2018, 24(1):195-202.
[10]胡孙,袁旭音,陈红燕,等.城郊农业土壤重金属不同尺度空间分布及源分析——以宁镇交界带为例[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015,34(12):2295-2303.HU Sun, YUAN Xu-yin, CHEN Hong-yan, et al. Multi-scale spatial distribution and source discrimination of heavy metals in suburb soils:A case study of junctional zone between Nanjing City and Zhenjiang City[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(12):2295-2303.
[11] Lv J S, Liu Y, Zhang Z L, et al. Factorial kriging and stepwise regression approach to identify environmental factors influencing spatial multi-scale variability of heavy metals in soils[J]. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2013, 261(13):387-397.
[12]潘瑜春,刘巧芹,阎波杰,等.采样尺度对土壤养分空间变异分析的影响[J].土壤通报, 2010, 41(2):257-262.PAN Yu-chun, LIU Qiao-qin, YAN Bo-jie, et al. Effects of sampling scale on soil nutrition spatial variability analysis[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 41(2):257-262.
[13]邬建国.景观生态学:格局、过程、尺度与等级[M].北京:高等教育出版社, 2000:13-14.WU Jian-guo. Landscape ecology:Pattern, process, scale and hierachy[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2000:13-14.
[14]姜春,吴志峰,钱乐祥,等.广东山区土壤有机碳空间变异的尺度效应[J].生态学报, 2013, 33(16):5118-5125.JIANG Chun, WU Zhi-feng, QIAN Le-xiang, et al. Scaling effect on spatial variation of soil organic carbon in mountainous areas of Guangdong Province[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(16):5118-5125.
[15]张娜.生态学中的尺度问题:内涵与分析方法[J].生态学报,2006, 26(7):2340-2355.ZHANG Na. Scale issues in ecology:Concepts of scale and scale analysis[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(7):2340-2355.
[16] Moellering H, Tobler W. Geographical variances[J]. Geographical Analysis, 1972, 4(1):34-50.
[17]秦先燕,李运怀,孙跃,等.环巢湖典型农业区土壤重金属来源解析[J].地球与环境, 2017, 45(4):455-463.QIN Xian-yan, LI Yun-huai, SUN Yue, et al. Source apportionment of soil heavy metals in typically agricultural region around Chaohu Lake, China[J]. Earth and Environment, 2017, 45(4):455-463.
[18]曹勤英,黄志宏.污染土壤重金属形态分析及其影响因素研究进展[J].生态科学, 2017, 36(6):222-232.CAO Qin-ying, HUANG Zhi-hong. Review on speciation analysis of heavy metals in polluted soils and its influencing factors[J]. Ecological Science, 2017, 36(6):222-232.
[19]陈丹青,谢志宜,张雅静,等.基于PCA/APCS和地统计学的广州市土壤重金属来源解析[J].生态环境学报, 2016, 25(6):1014-1022.CHEN Dan-qing, XIE Zhi-yi, ZHANG Ya-jing, et al. Source apportionment of soil heavy metals in Guangzhou based on the PCA/APCS model and geostatistics[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016,25(6):1014-1022.
[20]庄大方,刘纪远.中国土地利用程度的区域分异模型研究[J].自然资源学报, 1997, 12(2):105-111.ZHUANG Da-fang, LIU Ji-yuan. Study on the model of regional differentiation of land use degree in China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 1997, 12(2):105-111.
[21]韩平,王纪华,冯晓元,等.北京顺义区土壤重金属污染生态风险评估研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2015, 34(1):103-109.HAN Ping, WANG Ji-hua, FENG Xiao-yuan, et al. Ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in soils in Shunyi, Beijing[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2015, 34(1):103-109.
[22] Lu A X, Wang J H, Qin X Y, et al. Multivariate and geostatistical analyses of the spatial distribution and origin of heavy metals in the agricultural soils in Shunyi, Beijing, China[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 2012, 425(1):66-74.
[23] Zheng Y M, Chen T B, He J Z. Multivariate geostatistical analysis of heavy metals in topsoils from Beijing, China[J]. Journal of Soils&Sediments, 2008, 8(1):51-58.
[24]杨孟,李凤英,刁一伟,等.城市区域土壤铅含量空间变异的多尺度研究进展[J].环境科学, 2014, 35(4):1586-1596.YANG Meng, LI Feng-ying, DIAO Yi-wei, et al. A review of multiscale studies on spatial variation of the lead(Pb)concentration in urban soils[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(4):1586-1596.
[25]吴绍华,周生路,杨得志,等.宜兴市近郊土壤重金属来源与空间分布研究[J].科学通报, 2008, 53(增刊1):162-170.WU Shao-hua, ZHOU Sheng-lu, YANG De-zhi, et al. Study on the distribution and spatial distribution of heavy metals in the suburbs of Yixing City[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2008, 53(Suppl 1):162-170.
[26] Robertson G P, Gross K L. Assessing the heterogeneity of belowground resources:Quantifying pattern and scale[M]//Caldwell M M,Pearcy R W, et al. Exploitation of environmental heterogeneity by plants:Ecophysiological processes above and belowground, San Diego:Academic Press, 1994:237-253.
[27]李善龙,金永焕,王铎,等.长白山自然保护区道路影响域土壤Zn和Pb分布及污染分析[J].土壤通报, 2012, 43(2):477-483.LI Shan-long, JIN Yong-huan, WANG Duo, et al. Assessment of contamination and spatial distribution of Zn and Pb in roadside soils of Changbai Mountain Nature Reserve[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2012, 43(2):477-483.
[28] Dao L, Morrison L, Zhang H, et al. Influences of traffic on Pb, Cu and Zn concentrations in roadside soils of an urban park in Dublin, Ireland[J]. Environmental Geochemistry&Health, 2014, 36(3):333-343.
[29]柳云龙,章立佳,韩晓非,等.上海城市样带土壤重金属空间变异特征及污染评价[J].环境科学, 2012, 33(2):599-605.LIU Yun-long, ZHANG Li-jia, HAN Xiao-fei, et al. Spatial variability and evaluation of soil heavy metal contamination in the urban-transect of Shanghai[J]. Environmental Science, 2012, 33(2):599-605.
[30]王飞,赵立欣,沈玉君,等.华北地区畜禽粪便有机肥中重金属含量及溯源分析[J].农业工程学报, 2013, 29(19):202-208.WANG Fei, ZHAO Li-xin, SHEN Yu-jun, et al. Analysis of heavy metal contents and source tracing in organic fertilizer from livestock manure in North China[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2013, 29(19):202-208.
[31] Nanos N, Martín J A R. Multiscale analysis of heavy metal contents in soils:Spatial variability in the Duero river basin(Spain)[J]. Geoderma,2012, s189/190(6):554-562.
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