规划环境影响评价中开展健康风险源头控制
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摘要
规划环境影响评价是我国政府开展环境风险源头预防的重要手段,而现有规划环境影响评价实践中因缺乏健康风险评估指标,严重地削弱了其完整性和有效性。规划健康评估的内涵远远超过传统"四步法"的健康风险评估,它不仅与规划全程互动,而且具有系统性、情景性和反向约束性,其核心目标是通过科学、系统的环境健康影响评估,设计和规划出更绿色、更环保、更合理的产业结构和体系。它以健康风险承受力这个约束性指标为核心,通过对情景健康风险损益与产业发展的预测分析,对污染源进行空间布局与排放限制的调整,为人群健康防护提供合理性指导。为填补当前规划环境影响评价中健康评估指标体系缺失的"短板",建议尽快开展规划健康风险评估技术研究,推动出台规划健康风险评估技术规范或导则,以保障规划中健康承受力这个刚性约束指标的落地。
Planning environmental impact assessment( PEIA) has been one of the most important source control measures to prevent the environmental risk. However, the current practice of PEIA lacks the health risk assessment index system, and thus weaks its integrity and effectiveness greatly. Compared to the traditional four-step health risk assessment procedure, environmental planning health risk assessment( EPHRA) has more implications, which not only interacts with the environmental planning, but also owns systematic, contextual, and reverse restriction to the environmental planning. The core objective of EPHRA is to design greener, and more environmentally friendly and reasonable industrial structures and systems through scientific and systemic environmental health impact assessment. Based on the core index of health risk tolerance, it aims at providing suitable guide to the health protection by adjusting the spatial layout and the emission limitation for the risk sources through the scenario analysis of health benefit and loss and the projection of industrial development. To make up the gap of health index missing of EPHRA, itwas suggested that EPHRA technique should be developed as soon as possible, andEPHRA technical guidelines and specifications be promoted, so as to ensure the effective practice of the mandatory health constraints on PEIA.
Planning environmental impact assessment( PEIA) has been one of the most important source control measures to prevent the environmental risk. However, the current practice of PEIA lacks the health risk assessment index system, and thus weaks its integrity and effectiveness greatly. Compared to the traditional four-step health risk assessment procedure, environmental planning health risk assessment( EPHRA) has more implications, which not only interacts with the environmental planning, but also owns systematic, contextual, and reverse restriction to the environmental planning. The core objective of EPHRA is to design greener, and more environmentally friendly and reasonable industrial structures and systems through scientific and systemic environmental health impact assessment. Based on the core index of health risk tolerance, it aims at providing suitable guide to the health protection by adjusting the spatial layout and the emission limitation for the risk sources through the scenario analysis of health benefit and loss and the projection of industrial development. To make up the gap of health index missing of EPHRA, itwas suggested that EPHRA technique should be developed as soon as possible, andEPHRA technical guidelines and specifications be promoted, so as to ensure the effective practice of the mandatory health constraints on PEIA.
引文
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[2]万军,秦昌波,于雷,等.关于加快建立“三线一单”的构想与建议[J].环境保护,2017(20):7-9.WAN J, QIN C B, YU L,et al. Ideas and suggestions on speeding up the establishment of“three lines and one list”[J].Environmental Protection,2017(20):7-9.
[3] HADIPOUR M, POUREBRAHIM S, MAHMMUD A R.Mathematical modeling considering air pollution of transportation:an urban environmental planning,case study in Petaling Jaya,Malaysia[J]. Theoretical&Empirical Researches in Urban Management,2009,4(13):75-92.
[4] POGGIO L,VRAJ B. A GIS-based human health risk assessment for urban green space planning-an example from Grugliasco(Italy)[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2009,407(23):5961.
[5] NING X G,ZHOU S L,ZHU J,et al. On the key points of environmental risk analysis in inland port master plan environmental impact assessment[J]. Journal of Fudan University,2012,51(3):370-376.
[6]董璟琦,杨晓华,杨海真,等.模糊评价方法在风险规划环评方案筛选中的应用[J].水利规划与设计,2011(6):42-46.
[7] GIMPEL A,STELZENMLLER V,TPSCH S,et al. A GISbased tool for an integrated assessment of spatial planning tradeoffs with aquaculture[J]. Science of the Total Environment,2018,627:1644-1655.
[8] MITCHELL B. Participatory partnerships:engaging and empowering to enhance environmental management and quality of life?[J]. Social Indicators Research,2005,71(1/2/3):123-144.
[9]刘永,郭怀成,王丽婧,等.环境规划中情景分析方法及应用研究[J].环境科学研究,2005,18(3):82-87.LIU Y,GUO H C,WANG L J,et al. Scenario analysis and its application in environmental planning[J]. Research of Environmental Sciences,2005,18(3):82-87.
[10] GIBSON M D,FARAH Z S. Environmental risks to public health in the united arab emirates:a quantitative assessment and strategic plan[J]. Environmental Health Perspectives,2012,120(5):681-686.