离子膜电渗析在高盐废水“零排放”中的应用、机遇与挑战
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摘要
高盐废水"零排放"是当今很多企业需要面临的非常严峻的环保问题,而离子膜电渗析由于其独特的分离机制能够实现高盐废水中无机盐的分离、浓缩和资源化利用,从而实现水和盐的回收利用。本文综述了离子膜电渗析目前在高盐废水"零排放"盐浓缩工艺中的应用情况;展望了电渗析在高盐高COD废水中的应用前景以及新型的电渗析技术如选择性电渗析和双极膜电渗析在混盐分离和盐的资源化利用中的机遇;同时指出离子膜电渗析在大规模应用中仍存在很多挑战,如离子膜性能的提高、电渗析工艺的优化和电渗析设备的投资成本和能耗如何降低。本文将为高盐废水"零排放"提供新思路,同时为离子膜电渗析在高盐废水"零排放"中的规模化应用奠定基础。
Recently, high-salinity wastewater "zero liquid discharge" has become a seriously environmental issue for many companies, while the salts in high-salinity wastewater can be separated,concentrated, and reutilized by ion exchange membrane electrodialysis due to its special separationmechanism, resulting in the recycling of water and salts. In this paper, an application of ion exchangemembrane electrodialysis in high-salinity"zero liquid discharge" for recent years was reviewed.Additionally, the potential of electrodialysis for treating high-salinity-high-COD wastewater wasprospected, as well as the opportunity of the novel electrodialysis such as selective electrodialysis andbipolar membrane electrodialysis for separation of mixed salts and reutilization of the separated salts.Meanwhile, many challenges were point out in consideration of the large-scale application of electrodialysis, such as the advancement of ion exchange membrane properties, optimization ofelectrodialysis process, and the decrease in investment and running cost for electrodialysis apparatus. The progress proposed in this paper will provide a new method for the high-salinity wastewater"zero liquid discharge". Besides, this progress will lay the foundations for large-scale application of ion exchange membrane electrodialysis in the high-salinity wastewater"zero liquid discharge".
Recently, high-salinity wastewater "zero liquid discharge" has become a seriously environmental issue for many companies, while the salts in high-salinity wastewater can be separated,concentrated, and reutilized by ion exchange membrane electrodialysis due to its special separationmechanism, resulting in the recycling of water and salts. In this paper, an application of ion exchangemembrane electrodialysis in high-salinity"zero liquid discharge" for recent years was reviewed.Additionally, the potential of electrodialysis for treating high-salinity-high-COD wastewater wasprospected, as well as the opportunity of the novel electrodialysis such as selective electrodialysis andbipolar membrane electrodialysis for separation of mixed salts and reutilization of the separated salts.Meanwhile, many challenges were point out in consideration of the large-scale application of electrodialysis, such as the advancement of ion exchange membrane properties, optimization ofelectrodialysis process, and the decrease in investment and running cost for electrodialysis apparatus. The progress proposed in this paper will provide a new method for the high-salinity wastewater"zero liquid discharge". Besides, this progress will lay the foundations for large-scale application of ion exchange membrane electrodialysis in the high-salinity wastewater"zero liquid discharge".
引文
[1] LEFEBVRE O, MOLETTA R. Treatment of organic pollution inindustrial saline wastewater:a literature review[J]. WaterResearch, 2006, 40(20):3671-3682.
[2] WANG Z, LUO G, LI J, et al. Response of performance andammonia oxidizing bacteria community to high salinity stress inmembrane bioreactor with elevated ammonia loading[J].Bioresource Technology, 2016, 216:714-721.
[3]姜忠义,李玉平,陈志强,等.煤化工废水近零排放与资源化关键技术研究与应用示范[J].化工进展, 2016, 35(12):4099-4100.JIANG Zhongyi, LI Yuping, CHEN Zhiqiang, et al. Keytechnologies study and application demonstration of near-zero-liquid-discharge and resource recovery of coal chemical industrywastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016, 35(12):4099-4100.
[4] TONG T, ELIMELECH M. The global rise of zero liquid dischargefor wastewater management:drivers, technologies, and futuredirections[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2016, 50(13):6846-6855.
[5] NAKOA K, RAHAOUI K, DATE A, et al. Sustainable zero liquiddischarge desalination(SZLDD)[J]. Solar Energy, 2016, 135:337-347.
[6] SHI X, LEONG K Y, NG H Y. Anaerobic treatment ofpharmaceutical wastewater:a critical review[J]. BioresourceTechnology, 2017, 245:1238-1244.
[7] TSAI J H, MACEDONIO F, DRIOLI E, et al. Membrane-basedzero liquid discharge:myth or reality?[J]. Journal of the TaiwanInstitute of Chemical Engineers, 2017, 80:192-202.
[8] SUBRAMANI A, JACANGELO J G. Emerging desalinationtechnologies for water treatment:a critical review[J]. WaterResearch, 2015, 75:164-187.
[9] GIWA A, DUFOUR V, AL MARZOOQI F, et al. Brinemanagement methods:recent innovations and current status[J].Desalination, 2017, 407:1-23.
[10] CHUNG T, ZHANG S, WANG K, et al. Forward osmosisprocesses:yesterday, today and tomorrow[J]. Desalination, 2012,287:78-81.
[11] YAO K, QIN Y, YUAN Y, et al. Continuous-effect membranedistillation process based on hollow fiber AGMD module withinternal latent-heat recovery[J]. AIChE Journal, 2013, 59(4):1278-1297.
[12] XU T, HUANG C. Electrodialysis-based separation technologies:a critical review[J]. AIChE Journal, 2008, 54(12):3147-3159.
[13] STRATHMANN H. Electrodialysis, a mature technology with amultitude of new applications[J]. Desalination, 2010, 264(3):268-288.
[14] RAN J, WU L, HE Y, et al. Ion exchange membranes:newdevelopments and applications[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2017, 522:267-291.
[15] CAMPIONE A, GURRERI L, CIOFALO M, et al. Electrodialysisfor water desalination:a critical assessment of recentdevelopments on process fundamentals, models and applications[J]. Desalination, 2018, 434:121-160.
[16] ZHANG X, LI C, WANG X, et al. Recovery of hydrochloric acidfrom simulated chemosynthesis aluminum foils wastewater:anintegration of diffusion dialysis and conventional electrodialysis[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 409/410:257-263.
[17] YAN H, XUE S, WU C, et al. Separation of NaOH and NaAl(OH)4in alumina alkaline solution through diffusion dialysis andelectrodialysis[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 469:436-446.
[18] KOTER S, CUCIUREANU A, KULTYS M, et al. Concentration ofsodium hydroxide solutions by electrodialysis[J]. SeparationScience and Technology, 2012, 47(9):1405-1412.
[19] JIANG C, WANG Y, ZHANG Z, et al. Electrodialysis ofconcentrated brine from RO plant to produce coarse salt andfreshwater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 450:323-330.
[20] BITAW T N, PARK K, YANG D R. Optimization on a new hybridforward osmosis-electrodialysis-reverse osmosis seawaterdesalination process[J]. Desalination, 2016, 398:265-281.
[21] CUI L, LI G, LI Y, et al. Electrolysis-electrodialysis process for removing chloride ion in wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater(DW):influencing factors and energy consumption analysis[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2017, 123:240-247.
[22] YAO J, WEN D, SHEN J, et al. Zero discharge process for dyeingwastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering,2016, 11:98-103.
[23] MCGOVERN R K, ZUBAIR S M, LIENHARD V J H. Thebenefits of hybridising electrodialysis with reverse osmosis[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 469:326-335.
[24] TANAKA Y. A computer simulation of batch ion exchangemembrane electrodialysis for desalination of saline water[J].Desalination, 2009, 249(3):1039-1047.
[25] TANAKA Y. A computer simulation of continuous ion exchangemembrane electrodialysis for desalination of saline wate[J].Desalination, 2009, 249(2):809-821.
[26] TANAKA Y. A computer simulation of feed and bleed ionexchange membrane electrodialysis for desalination of saline water[J]. Desalination, 2010, 254(1/2/3):99-107.
[27] ZHANG Y, GHYSELBRECHT K, MEESSCHAERT B, et al.Electrodialysis on RO concentrate to improve water recovery inwastewater reclamation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011,378(1/2):101-110.
[28] ZHANG Y, GHYSELBRECHT K, VANHERPE R, et al. ROconcentrate minimization by electrodialysis:techno-economicanalysis and environmental concerns[J]. Journal of EnvironmentalManagement, 2012, 107:28-36.
[29] REIG M, CASAS S, ALADJEM C, et al. Concentration of NaClfrom seawater reverse osmosis brines for the chlor-alkali industryby electrodialysis[J]. Desalination, 2014, 342:107-117.
[30] ZHANG W, MIAO M, PAN J, et al. Separation of divalent ionsfrom seawater concentrate to enhance the purity of coarse salt byelectrodialysis with monovalent-selective membranes[J].Desalination, 2017, 411:28-37.
[31] ZHOU Y, YAN H, WANG X, et al. Electrodialytic concentratinglithium salt from primary resource[J]. Desalination, 2018, 425:30-36.
[32] ROTTIERS T, GHYSELBRECHT K, MEESSCHAERT B, et al.Influence of the type of anion membrane on solvent flux and backdiffusion in electrodialysis of concentrated NaCl solutions[J].Chemical Engineering Science, 2014, 113:95-100.
[33]汪耀明,颜海洋,李为,等.一种通过电渗析技术从煤化工废水中分离盐的方法:CN105906111A[P]. 2016-08-31.WANG Yaoming, YAN Haiyang, LI Wei, et al. Method forseparating salt from coal-chemical-industry wastewater throughelectroosmosis technique:CN105606111A[P]. 2016-08-31.
[34] HUANG C, XU T. Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes forsustainable[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2006, 40:5233-5243.
[35] YE W, HUANG J, LIN J, et al. Environmental evaluation ofbipolar membrane electrodialysis for NaOH production fromwastewater:Conditioning NaOH as a CO2absorbent[J]. Separationand Purification Technology, 2015, 144:206-214.
[36] GHYSELBRECHT K, SILVA A, VAN DER BRUGGEN B, et al.Desalination feasibility study of an industrial NaCl stream bybipolar membrane electrodialysis[J]. Journal of EnvironmentalManagement, 2014, 140:69-75.
[37] TRAN A T K, MONDAL P, LIN J, et al. Simultaneous regeneration of inorganic acid and base from a metal washing stepwastewater by bipolar membrane electrodialysis after pretreatmentby crystallization in a fluidized pellet reactor[J]. Journal ofMembrane Science, 2015, 473:118-127.
[38] YANG Y, GAO X, FAN A, et al. An innovative beneficial reuse ofseawater concentrate using bipolar membrane electrodialysis[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 449:119-126.
[39] CHEN B, JIANG C, WANG Y, et al. Selectrodialysis with bipolarmembrane for the reclamation of concentrated brine from RO plant[J]. Desalination, 2018, 442:8-15.
[40] LU H, LIN C, LEE S, et al. In situ measuring osmosis effect ofSelemion CMV/ASV module during ED process of concentratedbrine from DSW[J]. Desalination, 2011, 279(1/2/3):278-284.
[41] JIANG C, WANG Q, LI Y, et al. Water electro-transport withhydrated cations in electrodialysis[J]. Desalination, 2015, 365:204-212.
[42] MIKHAYLIN S, BAZINET L. Fouling on ion-exchangemembranes:classification, characterization and strategies ofprevention and control[J]. Advances in Colloid and InterfaceScience, 2016, 229:34-56.
[43]任洪艳,从威.电渗析中的膜污染及其控制方法研究进展[J].现代化工, 2007, 27(7):18-22.REN Hongyan, CONG Wei. Recent advances in membranesfouling and its prevention in electrodialysis[J]. Modern ChemicalIndustry, 2007, 27(7):18-22.
[44] YAN H, WU C, WU Y. Separation of alumina alkaline solution byelectrodialysis:membrane stack configuration optimization andrepeated batch experiments[J]. Separation and PurificationTechnology, 2015, 139:78-87.
[45] MULYATI S, TAKAGI R, FUJII A, et al. Improvement of theantifouling potential of an anion exchange membrane by surfacemodification with a polyelectrolyte for an electrodialysis process[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 417/418:137-143.
[46] VASELBEHAGH M, KARKHANECHI H, MULYATI S, et al.Improved antifouling of anion-exchange membrane bypolydopamine coating in electrodialysis process[J]. Desalination,2014, 332(1):126-133.
[47] TANAKA Y, Concentration polarization in ion-exchangemembrane electrodialysis—The events arising in a flowingsolution in a desalting cell[J] Journal of Membrane Science, 2003,216:149-164.
[48] TANAKA Y, REIG M, CASAS S, et al. Computer simulation ofion-exchange membrane electrodialysis for salt concentration andreduction of RO discharged brine for salt production and marineenvironment conservation[J] Desalination, 2015, 367:76-89.
[49] WALKER W, KIM Y, LAWLER D, Treatment of model inlandbrackish groundwater reverse osmosis concentrate withelectrodialysis—PartⅠ:Sensitivity to superficial velocity[J]Desalination, 2014, 344:152-162.
[2] WANG Z, LUO G, LI J, et al. Response of performance andammonia oxidizing bacteria community to high salinity stress inmembrane bioreactor with elevated ammonia loading[J].Bioresource Technology, 2016, 216:714-721.
[3]姜忠义,李玉平,陈志强,等.煤化工废水近零排放与资源化关键技术研究与应用示范[J].化工进展, 2016, 35(12):4099-4100.JIANG Zhongyi, LI Yuping, CHEN Zhiqiang, et al. Keytechnologies study and application demonstration of near-zero-liquid-discharge and resource recovery of coal chemical industrywastewater[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress,2016, 35(12):4099-4100.
[4] TONG T, ELIMELECH M. The global rise of zero liquid dischargefor wastewater management:drivers, technologies, and futuredirections[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2016, 50(13):6846-6855.
[5] NAKOA K, RAHAOUI K, DATE A, et al. Sustainable zero liquiddischarge desalination(SZLDD)[J]. Solar Energy, 2016, 135:337-347.
[6] SHI X, LEONG K Y, NG H Y. Anaerobic treatment ofpharmaceutical wastewater:a critical review[J]. BioresourceTechnology, 2017, 245:1238-1244.
[7] TSAI J H, MACEDONIO F, DRIOLI E, et al. Membrane-basedzero liquid discharge:myth or reality?[J]. Journal of the TaiwanInstitute of Chemical Engineers, 2017, 80:192-202.
[8] SUBRAMANI A, JACANGELO J G. Emerging desalinationtechnologies for water treatment:a critical review[J]. WaterResearch, 2015, 75:164-187.
[9] GIWA A, DUFOUR V, AL MARZOOQI F, et al. Brinemanagement methods:recent innovations and current status[J].Desalination, 2017, 407:1-23.
[10] CHUNG T, ZHANG S, WANG K, et al. Forward osmosisprocesses:yesterday, today and tomorrow[J]. Desalination, 2012,287:78-81.
[11] YAO K, QIN Y, YUAN Y, et al. Continuous-effect membranedistillation process based on hollow fiber AGMD module withinternal latent-heat recovery[J]. AIChE Journal, 2013, 59(4):1278-1297.
[12] XU T, HUANG C. Electrodialysis-based separation technologies:a critical review[J]. AIChE Journal, 2008, 54(12):3147-3159.
[13] STRATHMANN H. Electrodialysis, a mature technology with amultitude of new applications[J]. Desalination, 2010, 264(3):268-288.
[14] RAN J, WU L, HE Y, et al. Ion exchange membranes:newdevelopments and applications[J]. Journal of Membrane Science,2017, 522:267-291.
[15] CAMPIONE A, GURRERI L, CIOFALO M, et al. Electrodialysisfor water desalination:a critical assessment of recentdevelopments on process fundamentals, models and applications[J]. Desalination, 2018, 434:121-160.
[16] ZHANG X, LI C, WANG X, et al. Recovery of hydrochloric acidfrom simulated chemosynthesis aluminum foils wastewater:anintegration of diffusion dialysis and conventional electrodialysis[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 409/410:257-263.
[17] YAN H, XUE S, WU C, et al. Separation of NaOH and NaAl(OH)4in alumina alkaline solution through diffusion dialysis andelectrodialysis[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 469:436-446.
[18] KOTER S, CUCIUREANU A, KULTYS M, et al. Concentration ofsodium hydroxide solutions by electrodialysis[J]. SeparationScience and Technology, 2012, 47(9):1405-1412.
[19] JIANG C, WANG Y, ZHANG Z, et al. Electrodialysis ofconcentrated brine from RO plant to produce coarse salt andfreshwater[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 450:323-330.
[20] BITAW T N, PARK K, YANG D R. Optimization on a new hybridforward osmosis-electrodialysis-reverse osmosis seawaterdesalination process[J]. Desalination, 2016, 398:265-281.
[21] CUI L, LI G, LI Y, et al. Electrolysis-electrodialysis process for removing chloride ion in wet flue gas desulfurization wastewater(DW):influencing factors and energy consumption analysis[J].Chemical Engineering Research and Design, 2017, 123:240-247.
[22] YAO J, WEN D, SHEN J, et al. Zero discharge process for dyeingwastewater treatment[J]. Journal of Water Process Engineering,2016, 11:98-103.
[23] MCGOVERN R K, ZUBAIR S M, LIENHARD V J H. Thebenefits of hybridising electrodialysis with reverse osmosis[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 469:326-335.
[24] TANAKA Y. A computer simulation of batch ion exchangemembrane electrodialysis for desalination of saline water[J].Desalination, 2009, 249(3):1039-1047.
[25] TANAKA Y. A computer simulation of continuous ion exchangemembrane electrodialysis for desalination of saline wate[J].Desalination, 2009, 249(2):809-821.
[26] TANAKA Y. A computer simulation of feed and bleed ionexchange membrane electrodialysis for desalination of saline water[J]. Desalination, 2010, 254(1/2/3):99-107.
[27] ZHANG Y, GHYSELBRECHT K, MEESSCHAERT B, et al.Electrodialysis on RO concentrate to improve water recovery inwastewater reclamation[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2011,378(1/2):101-110.
[28] ZHANG Y, GHYSELBRECHT K, VANHERPE R, et al. ROconcentrate minimization by electrodialysis:techno-economicanalysis and environmental concerns[J]. Journal of EnvironmentalManagement, 2012, 107:28-36.
[29] REIG M, CASAS S, ALADJEM C, et al. Concentration of NaClfrom seawater reverse osmosis brines for the chlor-alkali industryby electrodialysis[J]. Desalination, 2014, 342:107-117.
[30] ZHANG W, MIAO M, PAN J, et al. Separation of divalent ionsfrom seawater concentrate to enhance the purity of coarse salt byelectrodialysis with monovalent-selective membranes[J].Desalination, 2017, 411:28-37.
[31] ZHOU Y, YAN H, WANG X, et al. Electrodialytic concentratinglithium salt from primary resource[J]. Desalination, 2018, 425:30-36.
[32] ROTTIERS T, GHYSELBRECHT K, MEESSCHAERT B, et al.Influence of the type of anion membrane on solvent flux and backdiffusion in electrodialysis of concentrated NaCl solutions[J].Chemical Engineering Science, 2014, 113:95-100.
[33]汪耀明,颜海洋,李为,等.一种通过电渗析技术从煤化工废水中分离盐的方法:CN105906111A[P]. 2016-08-31.WANG Yaoming, YAN Haiyang, LI Wei, et al. Method forseparating salt from coal-chemical-industry wastewater throughelectroosmosis technique:CN105606111A[P]. 2016-08-31.
[34] HUANG C, XU T. Electrodialysis with bipolar membranes forsustainable[J]. Environmental Science&Technology, 2006, 40:5233-5243.
[35] YE W, HUANG J, LIN J, et al. Environmental evaluation ofbipolar membrane electrodialysis for NaOH production fromwastewater:Conditioning NaOH as a CO2absorbent[J]. Separationand Purification Technology, 2015, 144:206-214.
[36] GHYSELBRECHT K, SILVA A, VAN DER BRUGGEN B, et al.Desalination feasibility study of an industrial NaCl stream bybipolar membrane electrodialysis[J]. Journal of EnvironmentalManagement, 2014, 140:69-75.
[37] TRAN A T K, MONDAL P, LIN J, et al. Simultaneous regeneration of inorganic acid and base from a metal washing stepwastewater by bipolar membrane electrodialysis after pretreatmentby crystallization in a fluidized pellet reactor[J]. Journal ofMembrane Science, 2015, 473:118-127.
[38] YANG Y, GAO X, FAN A, et al. An innovative beneficial reuse ofseawater concentrate using bipolar membrane electrodialysis[J].Journal of Membrane Science, 2014, 449:119-126.
[39] CHEN B, JIANG C, WANG Y, et al. Selectrodialysis with bipolarmembrane for the reclamation of concentrated brine from RO plant[J]. Desalination, 2018, 442:8-15.
[40] LU H, LIN C, LEE S, et al. In situ measuring osmosis effect ofSelemion CMV/ASV module during ED process of concentratedbrine from DSW[J]. Desalination, 2011, 279(1/2/3):278-284.
[41] JIANG C, WANG Q, LI Y, et al. Water electro-transport withhydrated cations in electrodialysis[J]. Desalination, 2015, 365:204-212.
[42] MIKHAYLIN S, BAZINET L. Fouling on ion-exchangemembranes:classification, characterization and strategies ofprevention and control[J]. Advances in Colloid and InterfaceScience, 2016, 229:34-56.
[43]任洪艳,从威.电渗析中的膜污染及其控制方法研究进展[J].现代化工, 2007, 27(7):18-22.REN Hongyan, CONG Wei. Recent advances in membranesfouling and its prevention in electrodialysis[J]. Modern ChemicalIndustry, 2007, 27(7):18-22.
[44] YAN H, WU C, WU Y. Separation of alumina alkaline solution byelectrodialysis:membrane stack configuration optimization andrepeated batch experiments[J]. Separation and PurificationTechnology, 2015, 139:78-87.
[45] MULYATI S, TAKAGI R, FUJII A, et al. Improvement of theantifouling potential of an anion exchange membrane by surfacemodification with a polyelectrolyte for an electrodialysis process[J]. Journal of Membrane Science, 2012, 417/418:137-143.
[46] VASELBEHAGH M, KARKHANECHI H, MULYATI S, et al.Improved antifouling of anion-exchange membrane bypolydopamine coating in electrodialysis process[J]. Desalination,2014, 332(1):126-133.
[47] TANAKA Y, Concentration polarization in ion-exchangemembrane electrodialysis—The events arising in a flowingsolution in a desalting cell[J] Journal of Membrane Science, 2003,216:149-164.
[48] TANAKA Y, REIG M, CASAS S, et al. Computer simulation ofion-exchange membrane electrodialysis for salt concentration andreduction of RO discharged brine for salt production and marineenvironment conservation[J] Desalination, 2015, 367:76-89.
[49] WALKER W, KIM Y, LAWLER D, Treatment of model inlandbrackish groundwater reverse osmosis concentrate withelectrodialysis—PartⅠ:Sensitivity to superficial velocity[J]Desalination, 2014, 344:152-162.