挤压陡倾千枚岩地层小净距隧道大变形研究
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摘要
为了探明小净距隧道穿越挤压性软岩地层的大变形机制,提出相应的大变形控制技术,本文采用理论分析、数值计算、现场试验等手段对这种隧道大变形的影响因素、围岩变形规律、支护受力特征等进行研究,得出主要结论如下:(1)高构造应力、陡倾围岩产状、低围岩强度、近接施工扰动等多因素的耦合作用,导致了该隧道大变形的发生;(2)后行隧道对先行隧道的卸荷扰动,一方面使先行隧道承受偏压荷载,另一方面使先行隧道中岩柱侧围岩向洞外产生弯曲破坏,主要表现在先行隧道中岩柱侧边墙位移的减小、初期支护拱部受力状态的转变、二次衬砌拱部和仰拱拉应力的增大;(3)根据围岩变形和支护受力情况,按近接施工影响程度对小净距隧道进行分区,并以此作为控制措施动态调整和工程类比的依据;(4)严格控制施工工序,避免先行隧道二次衬砌端头处于后行隧道开挖作业面之内,并根据应力分布特征调整隧道断面形状,根据岩体产状特征调整锚杆角度,根据近接扰动情况对中岩柱进行保护与加固。
In order to find out the large deformation mechanism of tunnels with small intervals through squeezing soft rock stratum and to propose the control technology of large deformation of surrounding rocks,the influencing factors,the deformation law of the surrounding rock and the mechanical characteristics of the lining structure were studied by theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and field test. Results show that the large deformation of the tunnel is resulted from the coupling effect of multiple factors such as high geostress,steeply dipping strata,low surrounding rock strength and approaching construction. The unloading disturbances of the rear tunnel exerts a bias load to the preceding tunnel on one hand,and on the other hand,results in the bending damage of the surrounding rock of the preceding tunnel near the central rock pillar suffers outwards the tunnel,including the decrease of the displacement of the preceding tunnel's side wall near the central rock pillar,the transformation of the force state of the initial support in the arch and the increase of the tensile stress of the secondary lining in the arch and the inverted arch. According to the surrounding rock′s deformation and the support force condition,the small interval tunnel is divided by the influence degree of proximity construction,which can be used as the basis for the dynamic adjustment of the control measures and the engineering analogy. The construction process should be controlled strictly to avoid the secondary lining′s end of the preceding tunnel lying behind the excavation working face of the rear tunnel,and other measures such as adjusting the shape of the tunnel section according to the stress distribution characteristics,changing the bolt angle according to the characteristics of the rock mass and protecting the central rock pillar according to the proximity disturbance condition should also be taken into account.
In order to find out the large deformation mechanism of tunnels with small intervals through squeezing soft rock stratum and to propose the control technology of large deformation of surrounding rocks,the influencing factors,the deformation law of the surrounding rock and the mechanical characteristics of the lining structure were studied by theoretical analysis,numerical calculation and field test. Results show that the large deformation of the tunnel is resulted from the coupling effect of multiple factors such as high geostress,steeply dipping strata,low surrounding rock strength and approaching construction. The unloading disturbances of the rear tunnel exerts a bias load to the preceding tunnel on one hand,and on the other hand,results in the bending damage of the surrounding rock of the preceding tunnel near the central rock pillar suffers outwards the tunnel,including the decrease of the displacement of the preceding tunnel's side wall near the central rock pillar,the transformation of the force state of the initial support in the arch and the increase of the tensile stress of the secondary lining in the arch and the inverted arch. According to the surrounding rock′s deformation and the support force condition,the small interval tunnel is divided by the influence degree of proximity construction,which can be used as the basis for the dynamic adjustment of the control measures and the engineering analogy. The construction process should be controlled strictly to avoid the secondary lining′s end of the preceding tunnel lying behind the excavation working face of the rear tunnel,and other measures such as adjusting the shape of the tunnel section according to the stress distribution characteristics,changing the bolt angle according to the characteristics of the rock mass and protecting the central rock pillar according to the proximity disturbance condition should also be taken into account.
引文
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[8]晏启祥,何川,姚勇,等.软岩小净距隧道施工力学效应研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(5):693-697.(YANQixiang,HE Chuan,YAO Yong,et al.Study on mechanical effect of small-distance tunnels located at soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(5):693-697.(in Chinese))
[9]刘阳.软岩大变形隧道小净距段变形与受力分析[硕士学位论文][D].北京:中国铁道科学科研院,2015.(LIU Yang.Deformation and stress analysis of soft rock tunnel with large deformation and small distance[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2015.(in Chinese))
[10]施玉晶.软岩大变形小净距隧道支护结构研究[硕士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2014.(SHI Yujing.Study on supporting structures of soft rock tunnel with large deformation and small distance[M.S.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[11]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司.新建成都至兰州铁路杨家坪隧道工程地质勘察报告[R].成都:中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,2012.(China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.Engineering geological survey report of Yangjiaping Tunnel on new Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway[R].Chengdu:China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,2012.(in Chinese))
[12]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,北京交通大学,天地科技股份有限责任公司.成兰铁路杨家坪隧道进口工区地应力及围岩强度测试报告[R].成都:中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,北京:北京交通大学,北京:天地科技股份有限责任公司,2014.(China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing Jiaotong University,Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.Testing report on in-situ stress and surrounding rock strength at the entrance of Yangjiaping Tunnel on Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway[R].Chengdu:China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing:Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,2014.(in Chinese))
[13]王成虎,郭啟良,贾龙.基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的高应力判据理论分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(11):3 325-3 332.(WANGChenghu,GUO Qiliang,JIA Long.Theoretical analysis of high stress criterion based on the Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(11):3 325-3 332.(in Chinese))
[14]吴永胜,谭忠盛,李少孟.挤压性大变形隧道围岩基本特性的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(增1):398-402.(WU Yongsheng,TAN Zhongsheng,LI Shaomeng.Experimental study on the basic characteristics of tunnel in squeezing surrounding rock with large deformation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(Supp.1):398-402.(in Chinese))
[15]张德华,刘士海,任少强.高地应力软岩隧道中型钢与格栅支护适应性现场对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(11):2 258-2 266.(ZHANG Dehua,LIU Shihai,REN Shaoqiang.Research on selection of steel and steel grid for tunnel support in soft rock with high geostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(11):2 258-2 266.(in Chinese))
[16]李磊,谭忠盛,郭小龙,等.高地应力陡倾互层千枚岩地层隧道大变形研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(7):1 611-1 622.(LI Lei,TAN Zhongsheng,GUO Xiaolong,et al.Large deformation of tunnels in steep dip strata of interbedding phyllite under high geostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(7):1 611-1 622.(in Chinese))
[2]胡元芳.小线间距城市双线隧道围岩稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1 335-1 338.(HU Yuanfang.Stability analysis of surrounding rocks of double-hole urban tunnel with small interval[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(9):1 335-1 338.(in Chinese))
[3]谭忠盛,孟德鑫,石新栋,等.大跨小间距黄土隧道支护体系及施工方法研究[J].中国公路学报,2015,28(11):82-89.(TANZhongsheng,MENG Dexin,SHI Xindong,et al.Research on support system and construction method for large-section small spacing tunnel in loess[J].China Journal of Highway and Transport,2015,28(11):82-89.(in Chinese))
[4]仇文革.地下工程近接施工力学原理与对策的研究[博士学位论文][D].成都:西南交通大学,2003.(QIU Wenge.The study on mechanics principle and countermeasure of approaching excavation in underground works[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University,2003.(in Chinese))
[5]刘阳,伍晓军,刘志强,等.关于碳质板岩隧道大变形机制及应对措施的探讨[J].现代隧道技术,2014,51(6):19-24.(LIU Yang,WU Xiaojun,LIU Zhiqiang,et al.Discussion of and solutions for the large deformation mechanism of a tunnel in carbonaceous slate[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2014,51(6):19-24.(in Chinese))
[6]付厚利,宋秀群,茅晓辉.深埋HJ复合型软岩硐室导硐法让压效果研究[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2009,28(6):45-50.(FU Houli,SONG Xiuqun,MAO Xiaohui.Research on effect of pressure relief for chambers in deeply buried HJ composite soft rocks with pilot-tunneling method[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2009,28(6):45-50.(in Chinese))
[7]晏启祥,何川,姚勇.软岩隧道施工特性及其动态力学行为研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):572-577.(YAN Qixiang,HE Chuan,YAO Yong.Study on construction characteristic and dynamic behavior of soft rock tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):572-577.(in Chinese))
[8]晏启祥,何川,姚勇,等.软岩小净距隧道施工力学效应研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2005,1(5):693-697.(YANQixiang,HE Chuan,YAO Yong,et al.Study on mechanical effect of small-distance tunnels located at soft ground[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2005,1(5):693-697.(in Chinese))
[9]刘阳.软岩大变形隧道小净距段变形与受力分析[硕士学位论文][D].北京:中国铁道科学科研院,2015.(LIU Yang.Deformation and stress analysis of soft rock tunnel with large deformation and small distance[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China Academy of Railway Sciences,2015.(in Chinese))
[10]施玉晶.软岩大变形小净距隧道支护结构研究[硕士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州交通大学,2014.(SHI Yujing.Study on supporting structures of soft rock tunnel with large deformation and small distance[M.S.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou Jiaotong University,2014.(in Chinese))
[11]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司.新建成都至兰州铁路杨家坪隧道工程地质勘察报告[R].成都:中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,2012.(China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.Engineering geological survey report of Yangjiaping Tunnel on new Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway[R].Chengdu:China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,2012.(in Chinese))
[12]中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,北京交通大学,天地科技股份有限责任公司.成兰铁路杨家坪隧道进口工区地应力及围岩强度测试报告[R].成都:中铁二院工程集团有限责任公司,北京:北京交通大学,北京:天地科技股份有限责任公司,2014.(China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing Jiaotong University,Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.Testing report on in-situ stress and surrounding rock strength at the entrance of Yangjiaping Tunnel on Chengdu-Lanzhou Railway[R].Chengdu:China Railway Eryuan Engineering Group Co.,Ltd.,Beijing:Beijing Jiaotong University,Beijing:Tiandi Science and Technology Co.,Ltd.,2014.(in Chinese))
[13]王成虎,郭啟良,贾龙.基于Hoek-Brown强度准则的高应力判据理论分析[J].岩土力学,2011,32(11):3 325-3 332.(WANGChenghu,GUO Qiliang,JIA Long.Theoretical analysis of high stress criterion based on the Hoek-Brown criterion[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2011,32(11):3 325-3 332.(in Chinese))
[14]吴永胜,谭忠盛,李少孟.挤压性大变形隧道围岩基本特性的试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2015,48(增1):398-402.(WU Yongsheng,TAN Zhongsheng,LI Shaomeng.Experimental study on the basic characteristics of tunnel in squeezing surrounding rock with large deformation[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2015,48(Supp.1):398-402.(in Chinese))
[15]张德华,刘士海,任少强.高地应力软岩隧道中型钢与格栅支护适应性现场对比试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(11):2 258-2 266.(ZHANG Dehua,LIU Shihai,REN Shaoqiang.Research on selection of steel and steel grid for tunnel support in soft rock with high geostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(11):2 258-2 266.(in Chinese))
[16]李磊,谭忠盛,郭小龙,等.高地应力陡倾互层千枚岩地层隧道大变形研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2017,36(7):1 611-1 622.(LI Lei,TAN Zhongsheng,GUO Xiaolong,et al.Large deformation of tunnels in steep dip strata of interbedding phyllite under high geostress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2017,36(7):1 611-1 622.(in Chinese))
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