浅埋煤层群开采顶板双关键层结构及支护阻力研究
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摘要
采用现场实测、物理相似模拟和理论分析方法,分析了浅埋煤层群间隔岩层双关键层的形成条件、双关键层结构稳定性和支架载荷计算方法.基于对神府矿区4-2与5-2煤层开采的实测发现,浅埋煤层群较单一煤层开采周期来压步距缩短25%,来压强度增加15%～22%.物理相似模拟表明,间隔岩层存在双关键层结构时,直接顶以"短悬臂梁"形式周期破断,间隔岩层下位关键层与上位关键层分别形成铰接结构,上煤层已垮落的顶板形成活化的砌体梁结构.根据顶板结构组合形态,可将浅埋煤层群双关键结构分为"台阶-砌体-砌体"结构、"台阶-台阶-砌体"结构和"砌体-砌体-砌体"结构.双关键层结构同步与非同步破断运动形成大、小周期来压现象.通过建立的"台阶-砌体-砌体"结构力学模型,给出了动、静载荷作用下工作面支护阻力计算方法.
Based on field observation,physical simulation and theoretical analysis,the condition of double key strata in interval rock strata and its structure stability as well as the calculation method of support resistance in shallow coal seams group mining were studied.Based on the roof weighting measurement at 4-2 and 5-2 coal seam mining faces in Shenfu mining area,it was found that the interval distance of periodic weighting of the lower coal seam of the seams group was shortened 25% than the single coal seam mining,and the weighting strength was increased 15%—22%.The physical simulation shows,when the interval strata has double key strata,the immediate roof of lower coal face is broken in the form of"short cantilever beam",and the lower and the upper key stratum of the internal layer will form structure respectively,and the collapsed roof of the upper coal seam forms reactive voussoir beam structure.According to the combination form of roof structure,the double key strata structure of the shallow coal seam group mining can be classified as"step voussoir beam-voussoir beam-voussoir beam"structure,"step voussoir beam-step voussoir beam-voussoir beam"structure and "voussoirbeam-voussoir beam-voussoir beam"structure.Synchronous and non synchronous movement of the lower key stratum structure and upper key stratum structure educe the large and small periodic roof weighting.Through establishing the "step voussoir beam-voussoir beam-voussoir beam"structure,the calculation method of support resistance under dynamic and static load is put forward.
Based on field observation,physical simulation and theoretical analysis,the condition of double key strata in interval rock strata and its structure stability as well as the calculation method of support resistance in shallow coal seams group mining were studied.Based on the roof weighting measurement at 4-2 and 5-2 coal seam mining faces in Shenfu mining area,it was found that the interval distance of periodic weighting of the lower coal seam of the seams group was shortened 25% than the single coal seam mining,and the weighting strength was increased 15%—22%.The physical simulation shows,when the interval strata has double key strata,the immediate roof of lower coal face is broken in the form of"short cantilever beam",and the lower and the upper key stratum of the internal layer will form structure respectively,and the collapsed roof of the upper coal seam forms reactive voussoir beam structure.According to the combination form of roof structure,the double key strata structure of the shallow coal seam group mining can be classified as"step voussoir beam-voussoir beam-voussoir beam"structure,"step voussoir beam-step voussoir beam-voussoir beam"structure and "voussoirbeam-voussoir beam-voussoir beam"structure.Synchronous and non synchronous movement of the lower key stratum structure and upper key stratum structure educe the large and small periodic roof weighting.Through establishing the "step voussoir beam-voussoir beam-voussoir beam"structure,the calculation method of support resistance under dynamic and static load is put forward.
引文
[1]黄庆享.浅埋煤层长壁开采顶板结构及岩层控制研究[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2000:139-150.HUANG Qingxiang.Study on roof structure and strata control of longwall mining in shallow seam[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2000:139-150.
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[4]黄庆享,胡火明,刘玉卫,等.浅埋煤层工作面液压支架工作阻力的确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):304-307.HUANG Qingxiang,HU Huoming,LIU Yuwei,et al.Determination of proper support resistance in working face of shallowly buried coal seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):304-307.
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[7]黄庆享,马龙涛,董博,等.大采高工作面等效直接顶与顶板结构研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(5):541-546.HUANG Qingxiang,MA Longtao,DONG Bo,et al.Research on equivalent immediate roof and roof structure of large mining height face[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2015,35(5):541-546.
[8]黄庆享,周金龙.浅埋煤层大采高工作面矿压规律及顶板结构研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增2):279-286.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHOU Jinlong.Roof weighting behavior and roof structure of large mining height longwall face in shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Sup 2):279-286.
[9]刘长友,李红涛,张广文,等.大采高开采覆岩台阶错动演化规律及突水防治[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):357-365.LIU Changyou,LI Hongtao,ZHANG Guangwen,et al.Evolution laws of step overlying strata under large ming height and water inrush prevention[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):357-365.
[10]刘长友,杨敬轩,于斌,等.多采空区下坚硬厚层破断顶板群结构的失稳规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):395-403.LIU Changyou,YANG Jingxuan,YU Bin,et al.Destabilization regularity of hard thick roof group under the multi gob[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(3):395-403.
[11]杨敬轩,刘长友,杨宇,等.浅埋近距离煤层房柱采空区下顶板承载及房柱尺寸[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):161-168.YANG Jingxuan,LIU Changyou,YANG Yu,et al.Study on the bearing mechanism of the coal roof and the dimension selection of the room and pillar in the shallow and close distance coal seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):161-168.
[12]谷拴成,陈盼.采空区下煤层开采矿压显现规律实测研究[J].煤炭工程,2013,45(9):64-67.GU Shuancheng,CHEN Pan.Experimental study on strata behavior of coal gob[J].Coal Engineering,2013,45(9):64-67.
[13]谢生荣,潘浩,陈冬冬,等.多煤层开采层间等效基本顶结构及其活动规律[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(6):1218-1225.XIE Shengrong,PAN Hao,CHEN Dongdong,et al.The structure and activity laws of interlayer equivalent basic roof inmulti-seam mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(6):1218-1225.
[14]黄克军,黄庆享,赵萌烨,等.浅埋大采高煤层群开采覆岩结构及矿压特征分析[J].煤炭工程,2017,49(4):70-73.HUANG Kejun,HUANG Qingxiang,ZHAOMengye,et al.Analysis at roof caving feature and strata pressure in large height mining of shallow buried seam[J].Coal Engineering,2017,49(4):70-73.
[2]黄庆享.浅埋煤层的矿压特征与浅埋煤层定义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(8):1174-1177.HUANG Qingxiang.Ground pressure behavior and definition of shallow seams[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(8):1174-1177.
[3]黄庆享,钱鸣高,石平五.浅埋煤层采场老顶周期来压的结构分析[J].煤炭学报,1999,24(6):581-585.HUANG Qingxiang,QIAN Minggao,SHI Pingwu.Structural analysis of main roof stability during periodic weighting in long wall face[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1999,24(6):581-585.
[4]黄庆享,胡火明,刘玉卫,等.浅埋煤层工作面液压支架工作阻力的确定[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2009,26(3):304-307.HUANG Qingxiang,HU Huoming,LIU Yuwei,et al.Determination of proper support resistance in working face of shallowly buried coal seams[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2009,26(3):304-307.
[5]黄庆享,刘文岗,田银素.近浅埋煤层大采高矿压显现规律实测研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2003,20(3):58-59.HUANG Qingxiang,LIU Wengang,TIAN Yinsu.Study on the roof pressure of the large mining height in the approximate shallow coal seam[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2003,20(3):58-59.
[6]黄庆享,贺雁鹏,周海丰.榆家梁煤矿多煤层开采矿压显现规律研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2017,37(1):21-25.HUANG Qingxiang,HE Yanpeng,ZHOU Haifeng.Roof pressure of multiple coal seams mining in Yujialiang mine[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology.2017,37(1):21-25.
[7]黄庆享,马龙涛,董博,等.大采高工作面等效直接顶与顶板结构研究[J].西安科技大学学报,2015,35(5):541-546.HUANG Qingxiang,MA Longtao,DONG Bo,et al.Research on equivalent immediate roof and roof structure of large mining height face[J].Journal of Xi’an University of Science and Technology,2015,35(5):541-546.
[8]黄庆享,周金龙.浅埋煤层大采高工作面矿压规律及顶板结构研究[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(增2):279-286.HUANG Qingxiang,ZHOU Jinlong.Roof weighting behavior and roof structure of large mining height longwall face in shallow coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(Sup 2):279-286.
[9]刘长友,李红涛,张广文,等.大采高开采覆岩台阶错动演化规律及突水防治[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(2):357-365.LIU Changyou,LI Hongtao,ZHANG Guangwen,et al.Evolution laws of step overlying strata under large ming height and water inrush prevention[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(2):357-365.
[10]刘长友,杨敬轩,于斌,等.多采空区下坚硬厚层破断顶板群结构的失稳规律[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(3):395-403.LIU Changyou,YANG Jingxuan,YU Bin,et al.Destabilization regularity of hard thick roof group under the multi gob[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(3):395-403.
[11]杨敬轩,刘长友,杨宇,等.浅埋近距离煤层房柱采空区下顶板承载及房柱尺寸[J].中国矿业大学学报,2013,42(2):161-168.YANG Jingxuan,LIU Changyou,YANG Yu,et al.Study on the bearing mechanism of the coal roof and the dimension selection of the room and pillar in the shallow and close distance coal seam[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2013,42(2):161-168.
[12]谷拴成,陈盼.采空区下煤层开采矿压显现规律实测研究[J].煤炭工程,2013,45(9):64-67.GU Shuancheng,CHEN Pan.Experimental study on strata behavior of coal gob[J].Coal Engineering,2013,45(9):64-67.
[13]谢生荣,潘浩,陈冬冬,等.多煤层开采层间等效基本顶结构及其活动规律[J].中国矿业大学学报,2017,46(6):1218-1225.XIE Shengrong,PAN Hao,CHEN Dongdong,et al.The structure and activity laws of interlayer equivalent basic roof inmulti-seam mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2017,46(6):1218-1225.
[14]黄克军,黄庆享,赵萌烨,等.浅埋大采高煤层群开采覆岩结构及矿压特征分析[J].煤炭工程,2017,49(4):70-73.HUANG Kejun,HUANG Qingxiang,ZHAOMengye,et al.Analysis at roof caving feature and strata pressure in large height mining of shallow buried seam[J].Coal Engineering,2017,49(4):70-73.
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