水砂突涌试验系统研制与应用
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摘要
为研究水砂在采动覆岩裂隙中运移和突涌特征,研制了水砂突涌试验系统。以孔径为5 mm的水砂通道为例,通过设置不同的水压力,揭示水砂流量和含水砂层底部水压变化特征。在含水砂层水压接近临界水头压力时,水砂突涌会呈现失稳—运移—沉积—稳定的现象;若含水层水压超过临界水头压力,随着水压值的增加,水砂稳定流量呈升高趋势,二者为线性正相关。水砂通道开启瞬间,含水层内水压会出现明显的波动降低,水砂流量呈现先升高后平稳的趋势,随着水砂流量的平稳,水压也逐渐趋于稳定,但较初始设计压力仍有一定降低;在含水砂层底部,随着监测点距水砂通道距离的增加,水压呈逐渐升高趋势。试验结果表明该试验系统稳定可靠,研究方法及结果对进一步认识采煤工作面涌水溃砂灾害的形成机制具有指导和借鉴意义。
In order to study the water-sand migration and inrush across overburden fissures, a test system is developed. The water-sand passageway with 5mm pore size is taken as an example, the change of water-sand flow and water pressure at the bottom of water-bearing sand layer are researched. When the water pressure in water-bearing sand layer is close to the critical water pressure, water-sand inrush presents instability-migration-deposition-stabilization. When the water pressure in water-bearing sand layer exceeds the critical water pressure, the water-sand stationary flow trends to increase with the increase of water pressure and the two are linear positive correlation. At the moment of opening the water-sand passageway, the water pressure in water-bearing sand layer shows a wavelike decrease, the water-sand flow shows increased and then maintains stable. The water pressure tends to be stable gradually with the stability of water-sand flow, which is also less than the initial design water pressure. At the bottom of water-bearing sand layer, with the increase of distance between the monitoring point and water-sand passageway, the water pressure shows is gradually increasing. Test results show that the system is stable and reliable,which have great significance for studying the formation mechanism of water and sand inrush across overburden fissures further.
In order to study the water-sand migration and inrush across overburden fissures, a test system is developed. The water-sand passageway with 5mm pore size is taken as an example, the change of water-sand flow and water pressure at the bottom of water-bearing sand layer are researched. When the water pressure in water-bearing sand layer is close to the critical water pressure, water-sand inrush presents instability-migration-deposition-stabilization. When the water pressure in water-bearing sand layer exceeds the critical water pressure, the water-sand stationary flow trends to increase with the increase of water pressure and the two are linear positive correlation. At the moment of opening the water-sand passageway, the water pressure in water-bearing sand layer shows a wavelike decrease, the water-sand flow shows increased and then maintains stable. The water pressure tends to be stable gradually with the stability of water-sand flow, which is also less than the initial design water pressure. At the bottom of water-bearing sand layer, with the increase of distance between the monitoring point and water-sand passageway, the water pressure shows is gradually increasing. Test results show that the system is stable and reliable,which have great significance for studying the formation mechanism of water and sand inrush across overburden fissures further.
引文
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[14]隋旺华,蔡光桃,董青红.近松散层采煤覆岩采动裂缝水砂突涌临界水力坡度试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2084-2091.SUI Wanghua,CAI Guangtao,DONG Qinghong.Experimental research on critical percolation gradient of quicksand across overburden fissures due to coal mining near unconsolidated soil layers[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2084-2091.
[15]隋旺华,董青红.近松散层开采孔隙水压力变化及其对水砂突涌的前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1908-1916.SUI Wanghua,DONG Qinghong.Variation of pore water pressure and its precursor significance for quicksand disasters due to mining near unconsolidated formations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1908-1916.
[16]杨伟峰.薄基岩采动破断及其诱发水砂混合流运移特征[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[17]杨伟峰,隋旺华,吉育兵,等.薄基岩采动裂缝水砂流运移过程的模拟试验[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):141-146.YANG Weifeng,SUI Wanghua,JI Yubing,et al.Experimental research on the movement process of mixed water and sand flow across overburden fissures in thin bedrock induced by mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):141-146.
[18]杨伟峰,吉育兵,赵国荣,等.厚松散层薄基岩采动诱发水砂流运移特征试验[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(4):686-692.YANG Weifeng,JI Yubing,ZHAO Guorong,et al.Experimental study on migration characteristics of mixed water and sand flows induced by mining under thin bedrock and thick unconsolidated formations[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(4):686-692.
[2]李凤仪.浅埋煤层长壁开采矿压特点及其安全开采界限研究[D].阜新:辽宁工程技术大学,2007.
[3]缪协兴,王长申,白海波.神东矿区煤矿水害类型及水文地质特征分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2010,27(3):285-291.MIAO Xiexing,WANG Changshen,BAI Haibo.Hydrogeologic characteristics of mine water hazards in Shendong mining area[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2010,27(3):285-291.
[4]叶青.神东现代化矿区建设与生产技术[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2002:3-4.
[5]方新秋,郝宪杰,兰奕文.坚硬薄基岩浅埋煤层合理强制放顶距的确定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2010,29(2):388-393.FANG Xinqiu,HAO Xianjie,LAN Yiwen.Determination of reasonable forced caving interval in shallow-buried seam with hard and thin bedrock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2010,29(2):388-393.
[6]范立民.神府矿区矿井溃砂灾害防治技术研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1996,7(4):35-38.FAN Limin.Controlling technological study on suffusion hazard of coal shaft[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,1996,7(4):35-38.
[7]李建文.薄基岩浅埋煤层开采突水溃砂致灾机理及防治技术研究[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.
[8]伍永平,卢明师.浅埋采场溃沙发生条件分析[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,21(3):57-58.WU Yongping,LU Mingshi.Analysis of sand inrush in shallow buried stope[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,21(3):57-58.
[9]张杰,侯忠杰.浅埋煤层开采中的溃沙灾害研究[J].湖南科技大学学报:自然科学版,2005,20(3):15-18.ZHANG Jie,HOU Zhongjie.Study on sand inrush disaster in shallow seam mining[J].Journal of Hunan University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2005,20(3):15-18.
[10]郭惟嘉,王海龙,陈绍杰,等.采动覆岩涌水溃砂灾害模拟试验系统研制与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(7):1415-1422.GUO Weijia,WANG Hailong,CHEN Shaojie,et al.Development and application of simulation test system for water and sand inrush across overburden fissures due to coal mining[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(7):1415-1422.
[11]王海龙.厚松散层薄基岩采动涌水溃砂致灾基础试验研究[D].青岛:山东科技大学,2016.
[12]梁燕,谭周地,李广杰.弱胶结砂层突水、涌砂模拟试验研究[J].西安公路交通大学学报,1996,16(1):19-22.LIANG Yan,TAN Zhoudi,LI Guangjie.Simulation test research on water and soil outbursts of weak binding soil[J].Journal of Xi’an Highway University,1996,16(1):19-22.
[13]汤爱平,董莹,谭周地,等.振动作用下矿井突水涌砂机理的研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,1999,19(2):132-135.TANG Aiping,DONG Ying,TAN Zhoudi,et al.Mechanism of sandy-silt seepage deformation in mine under vibration[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1999,19(2):132-135.
[14]隋旺华,蔡光桃,董青红.近松散层采煤覆岩采动裂缝水砂突涌临界水力坡度试验[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2084-2091.SUI Wanghua,CAI Guangtao,DONG Qinghong.Experimental research on critical percolation gradient of quicksand across overburden fissures due to coal mining near unconsolidated soil layers[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2084-2091.
[15]隋旺华,董青红.近松散层开采孔隙水压力变化及其对水砂突涌的前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1908-1916.SUI Wanghua,DONG Qinghong.Variation of pore water pressure and its precursor significance for quicksand disasters due to mining near unconsolidated formations[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1908-1916.
[16]杨伟峰.薄基岩采动破断及其诱发水砂混合流运移特征[D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2009.
[17]杨伟峰,隋旺华,吉育兵,等.薄基岩采动裂缝水砂流运移过程的模拟试验[J].煤炭学报,2012,37(1):141-146.YANG Weifeng,SUI Wanghua,JI Yubing,et al.Experimental research on the movement process of mixed water and sand flow across overburden fissures in thin bedrock induced by mining[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2012,37(1):141-146.
[18]杨伟峰,吉育兵,赵国荣,等.厚松散层薄基岩采动诱发水砂流运移特征试验[J].岩土工程学报,2012,34(4):686-692.YANG Weifeng,JI Yubing,ZHAO Guorong,et al.Experimental study on migration characteristics of mixed water and sand flows induced by mining under thin bedrock and thick unconsolidated formations[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2012,34(4):686-692.
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