Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料耐磨性提高的机制分析
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摘要
为了探讨Cr_3C_2强化相提高Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料耐磨性的机制,本文采用热等静压技术制备了Ni_3Al合金和Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料,借助纳米压痕仪对Ni_3Al合金和Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料中各组成相的力学性能进行了表征,利用销-盘式摩擦磨损试验机研究了热等静压Ni_3Al合金和Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料的耐磨性能,并结合扫描电子显微镜和纳米压痕仪分析了材料磨损表面形貌和磨损次表面层硬度变化.结果表明,Cr_3C_2的添加提高了复合材料基体的硬度,Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料中各组成相的纳米硬度和弹性模量由基体相、扩散相到硬芯相是逐渐增大的,呈现出梯度变化,有利于提高Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料的耐磨性.在本研究实验条件下,Ni_3Al合金和Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料表面的磨损形式主要为磨粒磨损,Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料表现出更加优异的耐磨性能. Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al复合材料耐磨性能的提高主要跟碳化物强化相阻断磨粒切削、减弱摩擦副间相互作用、减小加工硬化层厚度、磨粒尺寸等因素有关.
The Ni_3Al intermetallic compound is considered an excellent wear-resistant material. The addition of Cr_3C_2 particles can further improve the wear resistance of Ni_3Al-based alloys. In order to elucidate the wear mechanism of Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites improved by the Cr_3C_2 strengthening phase,Ni_3Al-alloy and Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites were prepared by the hot isostatic pressing process in this study. The mechanical properties and wear resistance of each phase in the Ni_3Al-alloy and Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites were investigated using a nano-indentation instrument and a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester,respectively. The worn surface morphologies and the hardness of the subsurface layer under the worn surfaces of the Ni_3Al-alloy and Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites were determined by a scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and a nano-indentation instrument. The results indicate that the hardness of the matrix phase in the Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites is significantly improved by the addition of Cr_3C_2 particles. The nano-hardness and the elastic modulus of each phase in the Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites gradually increase from matrix phase through diffusion phase to hard core phase. The mechanical properties between the matrix,diffusion,and hard core phases in the Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites present a gradient transition. This kind of structure distribution is good for enhancing the wear resistance of Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composite materials. As for friction and wear conditions in this study,abrasive wear was the dominant wear mechanism,which occurred on the surfaces of the Ni_3Al-alloy and Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites. The Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites showed a good wear resistant property. The carbide-strengthening phase can block up the cutting action of the wear debris,reduce the interaction between the wear materials,and decrease the thickness of the subsurface layer and the size of the wear debris,resulting in improved wear resistance of Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites.
The Ni_3Al intermetallic compound is considered an excellent wear-resistant material. The addition of Cr_3C_2 particles can further improve the wear resistance of Ni_3Al-based alloys. In order to elucidate the wear mechanism of Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites improved by the Cr_3C_2 strengthening phase,Ni_3Al-alloy and Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites were prepared by the hot isostatic pressing process in this study. The mechanical properties and wear resistance of each phase in the Ni_3Al-alloy and Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites were investigated using a nano-indentation instrument and a pin-on-disk friction and wear tester,respectively. The worn surface morphologies and the hardness of the subsurface layer under the worn surfaces of the Ni_3Al-alloy and Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites were determined by a scanning electron microscopy( SEM) and a nano-indentation instrument. The results indicate that the hardness of the matrix phase in the Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites is significantly improved by the addition of Cr_3C_2 particles. The nano-hardness and the elastic modulus of each phase in the Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites gradually increase from matrix phase through diffusion phase to hard core phase. The mechanical properties between the matrix,diffusion,and hard core phases in the Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites present a gradient transition. This kind of structure distribution is good for enhancing the wear resistance of Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composite materials. As for friction and wear conditions in this study,abrasive wear was the dominant wear mechanism,which occurred on the surfaces of the Ni_3Al-alloy and Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites. The Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites showed a good wear resistant property. The carbide-strengthening phase can block up the cutting action of the wear debris,reduce the interaction between the wear materials,and decrease the thickness of the subsurface layer and the size of the wear debris,resulting in improved wear resistance of Cr_3C_2/Ni_3Al composites.
引文
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[11] Li S P,Luo H L,Cao X,et al. Microstructure and room-temperature wear-resistance of Cr3C2/Ni3Al composites. Rare Met Mater Eng,2008,37(1):115(李尚平,骆合力,曹栩,等. Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织和室温耐磨性.稀有金属材料与工程,2008,37(1):115)
[12] Du L Z,Zhang W G,Zhang D J,et al. Preparation and characterization of Ni-Al-Cr3C2coating. Key Eng Mater,2008,373-374:15
[13] Zhu S Y,Bi Q L,Yang J,et al. Influence of Cr content on tribological properties of Ni3Al matrix high temperature self-lubricating composites. Tribol Int,2011,44(10):1182
[14] Fu L H,Han W,Li C H,et al. Microstructure and phases constitution of Cr3C2/Ni3Al composites prepared by hot isostatic pressing(HIP). J Iron Steel Res,2016,28(12):52(傅丽华,韩伟,李长海,等.热等静压Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织及相组成.钢铁研究学报,2016,28(12):52)
[15] Fu L H,Han W,Gong K,et al. Microstructure and tribological properties of Cr3C2/Ni3Al composite materials prepared by hot isostatic pressing(HIP). Mater Des,2017,115:203
[16] Ma Y X,Gao Y F,Zeng Y Y. Determination of mechanical properties of phase in directionally-solidified nickel-base super-alloy by nano-indentation. Phys Examin Test,2015,33(2):16(马亚鑫,高怡斐,曾雨吟.纳米压痕法测定镍基定向凝固高温合金相的力学性能.物理测试,2015,33(2):16)
[17] Qi Y H,Guo J T,Cui C Y. Tensile creep behaviour of Ni Al-Cr(Zr)multiphase intermetallic alloy. Mater Sci Technol,2003,19(3):339
[18] Ge P L,Bao M D,Zhang H J,et al. Effect of plasma nitriding on adhesion strength of CrTiAlN coatings on H13 steels by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating. Surf Coat Technol,2013,229:146
[19] Gong K. A Ni3Al-Alloy and its Composites as Potential Wear Resistant Materials for Advanced Applications[Dissertation]. Goteborg:Chalmers University of Technology,2011
[2] Gong K,Luo H L,Feng D,et al. Wear of Ni3Al-based materials and its chromium-carbide reinforced composites. Wear,2008,265(11-12):1751
[3] Jozwik P,Polkowski W,Bojar Z. Application of Ni3Al based intermetallic alloys-current stage and potential perceptivities. Materials,2015,8(5):2537
[4] An T B,Gong K,Luo H L,et al. Analysis on microstructure and friction wear performance of chromium carbide/Ni3Al composite surfacing layer. Trans Chin Weld Inst,2012,33(2):101(安同邦,Gong Karin,骆合力,等.碳化铬/Ni3Al复合堆焊层组织及摩擦磨损分析.焊接学报,2012,33(2):101)
[5] Miura S,Goldenstein H,Ohkubo K,et al. Mechanical and physical properties of Ni3Al-based alloys with Cr carbides dispersion.Mater Sci Forum,2007,561-565:439
[6] Goldenstein H,Silva Y N,Yoshimura H N. Designing a new family of high temperature wear resistant alloys based on Ni3Al IC:experimental results and thermodynamic modelling. Intermetallics,2004,12(7-9):963
[7] Cios G,Baa P,Ste,pieńM,et al. Microstructure of cast Ni-CrAl--C alloy. Arch Metall Mater,2015,60(1):145
[8] An T B,Luo H L,Peng Y,et al. Characteristic analysis on Cr3C2/Ni3Al hardfacing alloy layer. Ordnance Mater Sci Eng,2010,33(2):48(安同邦,骆合力,彭云,等. Cr3C2/Ni3Al表面堆焊合金层的特征分析.兵器材料科学与工程,2010,33(2):48)
[9] da Silva W S,Souza R M,Mello J D B,et al. Room temperature mechanical properties and tribology of NICRALC and Stellite casting alloys. Wear,2011,271(9-10):1819
[10] Gu G R,Luo H L,Li S P,et al. Microstructure and abrasive wear resistance of Cr3C2/Ni3Al composite. J Aeron Mater,2007,27(4):50(顾国荣,骆合力,李尚平,等. Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的组织与耐磨性能.航空材料学报,2007,27(4):50)
[11] Li S P,Luo H L,Cao X,et al. Microstructure and room-temperature wear-resistance of Cr3C2/Ni3Al composites. Rare Met Mater Eng,2008,37(1):115(李尚平,骆合力,曹栩,等. Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织和室温耐磨性.稀有金属材料与工程,2008,37(1):115)
[12] Du L Z,Zhang W G,Zhang D J,et al. Preparation and characterization of Ni-Al-Cr3C2coating. Key Eng Mater,2008,373-374:15
[13] Zhu S Y,Bi Q L,Yang J,et al. Influence of Cr content on tribological properties of Ni3Al matrix high temperature self-lubricating composites. Tribol Int,2011,44(10):1182
[14] Fu L H,Han W,Li C H,et al. Microstructure and phases constitution of Cr3C2/Ni3Al composites prepared by hot isostatic pressing(HIP). J Iron Steel Res,2016,28(12):52(傅丽华,韩伟,李长海,等.热等静压Cr3C2/Ni3Al复合材料的微观组织及相组成.钢铁研究学报,2016,28(12):52)
[15] Fu L H,Han W,Gong K,et al. Microstructure and tribological properties of Cr3C2/Ni3Al composite materials prepared by hot isostatic pressing(HIP). Mater Des,2017,115:203
[16] Ma Y X,Gao Y F,Zeng Y Y. Determination of mechanical properties of phase in directionally-solidified nickel-base super-alloy by nano-indentation. Phys Examin Test,2015,33(2):16(马亚鑫,高怡斐,曾雨吟.纳米压痕法测定镍基定向凝固高温合金相的力学性能.物理测试,2015,33(2):16)
[17] Qi Y H,Guo J T,Cui C Y. Tensile creep behaviour of Ni Al-Cr(Zr)multiphase intermetallic alloy. Mater Sci Technol,2003,19(3):339
[18] Ge P L,Bao M D,Zhang H J,et al. Effect of plasma nitriding on adhesion strength of CrTiAlN coatings on H13 steels by closed field unbalanced magnetron sputter ion plating. Surf Coat Technol,2013,229:146
[19] Gong K. A Ni3Al-Alloy and its Composites as Potential Wear Resistant Materials for Advanced Applications[Dissertation]. Goteborg:Chalmers University of Technology,2011
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