大倾角厚煤层煤层气开采井型优化及布井方法
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摘要
倾斜煤层与近水平煤层不同,不同倾斜部位煤层气井排采规律有明显差异。为了提高倾斜煤层煤层气采收率,考虑重力分异对倾斜煤层气开采的影响,对大倾角厚煤层的适用井型和布井方法进行优化研究。针对倾斜煤层不同构造位置的特点,结合气水分布与煤层气井产能规律,优选出适合不同构造位置的井型与布井方法并通过数值模拟进行验证。结果表明:构造高部位应在煤层顶部布置水平井;构造翼部顺煤层布置水平井,且水平井的跟端或趾端位于煤层底部;构造低部位可采用直井或"T"型井。井网布置时应在构造高部位和低部位增加井网密度,构造翼部相应减少井网密度。背斜煤层布井时采用"伞状井网"布井方式,单斜煤层布井时应沿煤层等高线布井,且排距由顶部和底部向翼部逐渐增大。
The wells at different positions have different production laws in the inclined coal seam, which is different from the flat seam. In order to enhance coalbed methane(CBM) recovery efficiency in the inclined seam,the well type and well pattern arrangement for the inclined coal seam were studied considering the effect of gravity differentiation. According to the characteristics of different structural positions of the inclined coal seam and combining gas-water distribution and well production laws,the well type and well pattern arrangement methods were optimized and verified by numerical simulation. The results show that the horizontal wells should be located at the top of the coal seam at the high position of the structure and along the inclined direction of the coal seam at the flank with the heel or the toe of the horizontal well lying at the bottom of the coal seam, and that vertical wells or T-shaped wells can be used in the low position of the struture. The well density should be increased at the high and low positions, and reduced at the structural wing. In anticline coal seam,umbrella-shaped well pattern is adopted. In monoclinic coal seam,well pattern can be arranged along the contour line of the coal seam,and the well row spacing increases gradually from both the top and the bottom to the wing.
The wells at different positions have different production laws in the inclined coal seam, which is different from the flat seam. In order to enhance coalbed methane(CBM) recovery efficiency in the inclined seam,the well type and well pattern arrangement for the inclined coal seam were studied considering the effect of gravity differentiation. According to the characteristics of different structural positions of the inclined coal seam and combining gas-water distribution and well production laws,the well type and well pattern arrangement methods were optimized and verified by numerical simulation. The results show that the horizontal wells should be located at the top of the coal seam at the high position of the structure and along the inclined direction of the coal seam at the flank with the heel or the toe of the horizontal well lying at the bottom of the coal seam, and that vertical wells or T-shaped wells can be used in the low position of the struture. The well density should be increased at the high and low positions, and reduced at the structural wing. In anticline coal seam,umbrella-shaped well pattern is adopted. In monoclinic coal seam,well pattern can be arranged along the contour line of the coal seam,and the well row spacing increases gradually from both the top and the bottom to the wing.
引文
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[14]王生维,王峰明,侯光久,等.新疆阜康白杨河矿区急倾斜煤层的煤层气开发井型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(9):1 914-1 918.(WANGShengwei,WANG Fengming,HOU Guangjiu,et al.CBM development well type for steep seam in Fukang Baiyanghe mining area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(9):1 914-1 918.(in Chinese))
[15]穆福元,贾承造,穆龙新,等.我国煤层气的开发模式研究[J].非常规油气,2014,1(1):41-46.(MU Fuyuan,JIA Chengzao,MULongxin,et al.Coal-bed methane development modes in China[J].Unconventional Oil and Gas,2014,1(1):41-46.(in Chinese))
[16]倪小明,王延斌,接铭训,等.晋城矿区西部地质构造与煤层气井网布置关系[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(2):146-149.(NI Xiaoming,WANG Yanbin,JIE Mingxun,et al.The relations between geological structure in the western Jincheng diggings and coal-bed methane wells arrangement[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(2):146-149.(in Chinese))
[17]尹淮新.新疆大倾角煤层的煤层气开采方式探讨[J].中国西部科技,2009,8(6):4-5.(YIN Huaixin.Analysis of new extraction measure of coal bed methane in coal seams of big obliquity in Xinjiang[J].Science and Technology of West China,2009,8(6):4-5.(in Chinese))
[18]李传亮.油藏工程[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2011:173-174.(LI Chuanliang.Reservoir engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:173-174.(in Chinese))
[19]傅雪海,康俊强,梁顺,等.阜康西区急倾斜煤储层排采过程中物性及井型优化[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(6):9-16.(FUXuehai,KANG Junqiang,LIANG Shun,et al.Well type optimization and physical property in gas drainage process of steep inclined coal reservoir in Fukang Western Block[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(6):9-16.(in Chinese))
[20]赵少磊,朱炎铭,曹新款,等.地质构造对煤层气井产能的控制机制与规律[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(9):108-111.(ZHAOShaolei,ZHU Yanming,CAO Xinkuan.Control mechanism and law of geological structure affected to production capacity of coal bed methane well[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(9):108-111.(in Chinese))
[21]陈捷.高角度煤层群水力压裂裂缝形态特征分析[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(5):179-182.(CHEN Jie.Fracture morphology analysis of hydraulic fracturing in high angle of coal seam group[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(5):179-182.(in Chinese))
[22]郝艳丽,王河清,李玉魁.煤层气井压裂施工压力与裂缝形态简析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(3):20-22.(HAO Yanli,WANGHeqing,LI Yukui.Simplified analysis of fracture treating pressure and fracture morphology in coalbed gas well[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2001,29(3):20-22.(in Chinese))
[23]冯晴,吴财芳,雷波.沁水盆地煤岩力学特征及其压裂裂缝的控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(3):100-103.(FENG Qing,WUCaifang,LEI Bo.Coal/rock mechanics features of Qinshui Basin and fracturing crack control[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(3):100-103.(in Chinese))
[24]蒋睿,王永清,李海涛,等.煤层倾角对煤层气水平井产能影响的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(增1):151-157.(JIANG Rui,WANG Yongqing,LI Haitao,et al.A numerical simulation on the impact of coal seam dip on productivity of CBM horizontal well[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(Supp.1):151-157.(in Chinese))
[2]杨曙光,周梓欣,秦大鹏,等.新疆阜康市阜试1井煤层气产气分析及小井网布设建议[J].中国西部科技,2010,26(9):3-4.(YANGShuguang,ZHOU Zixin,QIN Dapeng,et al.Coalbed methane production and small well grid construction of fushi-1 Well in Fukang,Xinjiang[J].Science and Technology of West China,2010,26(9):3-4.(in Chinese))
[3]尹中山,胡勋茂.四川煤层气井施工的问题与对策[J].探矿工程:岩土钻掘工程,2010,37(2):4-8.(YIN Zhongshan,HU Xunmao.Problem and countermeasures of coal-bed methane well construction in Sichuan[J].Exploration Engineering:Rock and Soil Drilling and Tunneling,2010,37(2):4-8.(in Chinese))
[4]鲜保安,夏柏如,张义,等.高陡构造煤层气钻采工艺技术研究[C]//2010年全国煤层气学术研讨会.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010:293-298.(XIAN Baoan,XIA Bairu,ZHANG Yi,et al.Study on the technology of drilling and CBM production in steep structure coal seams[C]//National Symposium on Coalbed Methane.[S.l.]:[s.n.],2010:293-298.(in Chinese))
[5]王超文,彭小龙,贾春生,等.枣园区块煤层气井产能影响因素分析[J].油气藏评价与开发,2016,6(3):67-70.(WANG Chaowen,PENG Xiaolong,JIA Chunsheng,et al.Influential factors of productivity in coalbed methane wells of Zaoyuan block[J].Reservoir Evaluation and Development,2016,6(3):67-70.(in Chinese))
[6]彭信山.急倾斜近距离下保护层开采岩层移动及卸压瓦斯抽采研究[博士学位论文][D].焦作:河南理工大学,2015.(PENG Xinshan.Research on strata movement and pressure-relief gas drainage of short-distance and under-protective steep seam mining[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Jiaozuo:Henan Polytechnic University,2015.(in Chinese))
[7]高为,金军,易同生,等.黔北小林华矿区高阶煤层气藏特征及开采技术[J].岩性油气藏,2017,29(5):140-147.(GAO Wei,JIN Jun,YI Tongsheng,et al.Enrichment mechanism and mining technology of high rank coalbed methane in Xiaolinhua coal mine,Northern Guizhou[J].Lithologic reservoirs,2017,29(5):140-147.(in Chinese))
[8]LIU Y K,WANG F J,TANG H M,et al.Well type and pattern optimization method based on fine numerical simulation in coal-bed methane reservoir[J].Environmental Earth Sciences,2015,73(10):5 877-5 890.
[9]SHI Z,ZHAO Y,QI H,et al.Research and application of drilling technology of extended-reach horizontally-intersected well used to extract coalbed methane[J].Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2011,(3):446-454.
[10]ZHAO Y,SHI Z,HAO S,et al.Application of connectivity technology of u-shape well in CBM exploration[J].Procedia Earth and Planetary Science,2011,(3):463-469.
[11]MENG Y,LI Z.Experimental study on diffusion property of methane gas in coal and its influencing factors[J].Fuel,2016,185:219-228.
[12]REN J,ZHANG L,REN S,et al.Multi-branched horizontal wells for coalbed methane production:Field performance and well structure analysis[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2014,131:52-64.
[13]杨刚,孟尚志,李斌,等.深部煤层气T型井钻井技术[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(6):189-194.(YANG Gang,MENG Shangzhi,LI Bin,et al.Drilling technology of T-shaped well in deep coalbed methane[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(6):189-194.(in Chinese))
[14]王生维,王峰明,侯光久,等.新疆阜康白杨河矿区急倾斜煤层的煤层气开发井型[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(9):1 914-1 918.(WANGShengwei,WANG Fengming,HOU Guangjiu,et al.CBM development well type for steep seam in Fukang Baiyanghe mining area,Xinjiang[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(9):1 914-1 918.(in Chinese))
[15]穆福元,贾承造,穆龙新,等.我国煤层气的开发模式研究[J].非常规油气,2014,1(1):41-46.(MU Fuyuan,JIA Chengzao,MULongxin,et al.Coal-bed methane development modes in China[J].Unconventional Oil and Gas,2014,1(1):41-46.(in Chinese))
[16]倪小明,王延斌,接铭训,等.晋城矿区西部地质构造与煤层气井网布置关系[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(2):146-149.(NI Xiaoming,WANG Yanbin,JIE Mingxun,et al.The relations between geological structure in the western Jincheng diggings and coal-bed methane wells arrangement[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(2):146-149.(in Chinese))
[17]尹淮新.新疆大倾角煤层的煤层气开采方式探讨[J].中国西部科技,2009,8(6):4-5.(YIN Huaixin.Analysis of new extraction measure of coal bed methane in coal seams of big obliquity in Xinjiang[J].Science and Technology of West China,2009,8(6):4-5.(in Chinese))
[18]李传亮.油藏工程[M].2版.北京:石油工业出版社,2011:173-174.(LI Chuanliang.Reservoir engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2011:173-174.(in Chinese))
[19]傅雪海,康俊强,梁顺,等.阜康西区急倾斜煤储层排采过程中物性及井型优化[J].煤炭科学技术,2018,46(6):9-16.(FUXuehai,KANG Junqiang,LIANG Shun,et al.Well type optimization and physical property in gas drainage process of steep inclined coal reservoir in Fukang Western Block[J].Coal Science and Technology,2018,46(6):9-16.(in Chinese))
[20]赵少磊,朱炎铭,曹新款,等.地质构造对煤层气井产能的控制机制与规律[J].煤炭科学技术,2012,40(9):108-111.(ZHAOShaolei,ZHU Yanming,CAO Xinkuan.Control mechanism and law of geological structure affected to production capacity of coal bed methane well[J].Coal Science and Technology,2012,40(9):108-111.(in Chinese))
[21]陈捷.高角度煤层群水力压裂裂缝形态特征分析[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(5):179-182.(CHEN Jie.Fracture morphology analysis of hydraulic fracturing in high angle of coal seam group[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(5):179-182.(in Chinese))
[22]郝艳丽,王河清,李玉魁.煤层气井压裂施工压力与裂缝形态简析[J].煤田地质与勘探,2001,29(3):20-22.(HAO Yanli,WANGHeqing,LI Yukui.Simplified analysis of fracture treating pressure and fracture morphology in coalbed gas well[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2001,29(3):20-22.(in Chinese))
[23]冯晴,吴财芳,雷波.沁水盆地煤岩力学特征及其压裂裂缝的控制[J].煤炭科学技术,2011,39(3):100-103.(FENG Qing,WUCaifang,LEI Bo.Coal/rock mechanics features of Qinshui Basin and fracturing crack control[J].Coal Science and Technology,2011,39(3):100-103.(in Chinese))
[24]蒋睿,王永清,李海涛,等.煤层倾角对煤层气水平井产能影响的数值模拟[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(增1):151-157.(JIANG Rui,WANG Yongqing,LI Haitao,et al.A numerical simulation on the impact of coal seam dip on productivity of CBM horizontal well[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(Supp.1):151-157.(in Chinese))
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