清淤疏浚工程对七里海潟湖湿地水体交换的影响
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摘要
七里海潟湖湿地受到人类活动的影响,湖盆淤积、湖面萎缩、水质恶化,其生态修复工程(一期)通过对湖盆进行清淤疏浚来改善潟湖生态环境.基于三重嵌套非结构网格建立七里海潟湖湿地水动力和物质输运数学模型,采用实测资料对模型的潮位、流速和流向进行验证,运用欧拉法计算潟湖整体滞留时间及其空间分布,分析工程对七里海潟湖水动力和水体交换的影响,结果表明:(1)工程对潮位的影响较小,工程后潮汐通道口门处涨落潮流量增大,涨落潮流速也随之增加;(2)工程后,潟湖纳潮量较工程前提升87%,滞留时间较工程前降低38%,水体交换能力自潮汐通道向潟湖内部逐渐减弱,工程对潟湖水体交换能力的改善主要集中在河道及潟湖中心水域;(3)工程前水体滞留时间的分布主要受到潟湖地貌影响,工程后水深增大,流场受地貌的影响变小,水体交换能力的分布主要受到潟湖流场影响.清淤疏浚工程有助于潟湖改善水体的交换能力和生态环境.
Caused by human activities, lagoon deposition, water area reduction and water quality deterioration of Qilihai Lagoon Wetland(QLW) become serious. Through the ecological restoration project of QLW(phase I), lagoon ecological environment will be improved by dredging project. Based on triple nested unstructured grids, the hydrodynamic and transport models of QLW were validated through observation data of tidal level, velocity magnitude and direction. Combined with the average residence time and the distribution of residence time in the whole basin calculated by Eulerian method and numerical simulation, the impact of dredging project on hydrodynamic and water exchange of QLW were analyzed. The results revealed that(1) the project had slight influence on tidal level, discharge and current speed during flood tide and ebb tide at the mouth of tidal inlet both increase after the dredging project;(2) the tidal prism of lagoon was increased by 87% after the dredging project, residence time was reduced by 38%, water exchange capacity was gradually weakened from tidal inlet to inner of lagoon and the main areas of water exchange improvement by the dredging project were water channel and center of lagoon;(3) the distribution of residence time before the project was mainly influenced by lagoon geomorphology, however, due to the water depth increases after the project, the flow field was less affected by geomorphology, and the distribution of water exchange capacity was mainly affected by the lagoon flow field. Improvement of water exchange capacity and ecological environment of QLW could be achieved efficiently by dredging project.
Caused by human activities, lagoon deposition, water area reduction and water quality deterioration of Qilihai Lagoon Wetland(QLW) become serious. Through the ecological restoration project of QLW(phase I), lagoon ecological environment will be improved by dredging project. Based on triple nested unstructured grids, the hydrodynamic and transport models of QLW were validated through observation data of tidal level, velocity magnitude and direction. Combined with the average residence time and the distribution of residence time in the whole basin calculated by Eulerian method and numerical simulation, the impact of dredging project on hydrodynamic and water exchange of QLW were analyzed. The results revealed that(1) the project had slight influence on tidal level, discharge and current speed during flood tide and ebb tide at the mouth of tidal inlet both increase after the dredging project;(2) the tidal prism of lagoon was increased by 87% after the dredging project, residence time was reduced by 38%, water exchange capacity was gradually weakened from tidal inlet to inner of lagoon and the main areas of water exchange improvement by the dredging project were water channel and center of lagoon;(3) the distribution of residence time before the project was mainly influenced by lagoon geomorphology, however, due to the water depth increases after the project, the flow field was less affected by geomorphology, and the distribution of water exchange capacity was mainly affected by the lagoon flow field. Improvement of water exchange capacity and ecological environment of QLW could be achieved efficiently by dredging project.
引文
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[22]匡翠萍,刘鹏晨,姚凯华,等.渤海新区近岸海洋水动力环境数值模拟研究报告[R].上海:同济大学,2012.Kuang C P,Liu P C,Yao K H,et al.Study report of numerical simulation on the hydrodynamic and environment of the nearshore ocean in Bohai New District[R].Shanghai:Tongji University,2012.
[23]顾杰,胡成飞,李正尧,等.秦皇岛河流-海岸水动力和水质耦合模拟分析[J].海洋科学,2017,41(2):1-11.Gu J,Hu C F,Li Z Y,et al.Coupling simulation and analysis of hydrodynamics and water quality in Qinhuangdao rivers and coastal waters[J].Marine Sciences,2017,41(2):1-11.
[24]Cort J W.On the validation of models[J].Physical Geography,1981,2(55):184-194.
[25]匡翠萍,李行伟,刘曙光.大规模围垦对香港维多利亚港水动力环流的影响[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(2):176-181.Kuang C P,Li X W,Liu S G.Effect of large scale reclamation on hydrodynamic circulation in Victoria Harbour of Hong Kong[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2009,37(2):176-181.
[26]Abdelrhman M A.Simplified modeling of flushing and residence times in 42embayments in New England,USA,with special attention to Greenwich Bay,Rhode Island[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2005,62(1/2):339-351.
[27]王宝灿.海岸动力地貌[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1989.Wang B C.Coastal dynamic geomorphology[M].Shanghai:East China Normal University Press,1989.
[28]熊学军,胡筱敏,王冠琳,等.半封闭海湾纳潮量的一种直接观测方法[J].海洋技术学报,2007,26(4):17-19.Xiong X J,Hu X M,Wang G L,et al.A kind of direct observation method of storage capacity for tidal water of semiclosed bays[J].Ocean Technology,2007,26(4):17-19.
[2]Lloret J,Marín A,Marín-Guirao L.Is coastal lagoon eutrophication likely to be aggravated by global climate change?[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2008,78(2):403-412.
[3]Pitacco V,Mistri M,Munari C.Long-term variability of macrobenthic community in a shallow coastal lagoon(Valli di Comacchio,northern Adriatic):Is community resistant to climate changes?[J].Marine environmental research,2018,137:73-87.
[4]Giubilato E,Radomyski A,Critto A,et al.Modelling ecological and human exposure to POPs in Venice lagoon.Part I-Application of MERLIN-Expo tool for integrated exposure assessment[J].Science of the Total Environment,2016,565:961-976.
[5]郁斢兰,王诺,刘忠波,等.自净作用下渤海海域COD环境容量研究[J].中国环境科学,2015,35(5):1579-1585.Yu T L,Wang N,Liu Z B,et al.COD environmental capacity of different zones of the Bohai Sea with the consideration of selfpurification[J].China Environmental Science,2015,35(5):1579-1585.
[6]夏华永,李绪录,韩康.大鹏湾环境容量研究Ⅰ:自净能力模拟分析[J].中国环境科学,2011,31(12):2031-2038.Xia H Y,Li X L,Han K.Studies on the environmental capacity of the Dapeng Bay,Part I:numerical study of water self-purification capacity[J].China Environmental Science,2011,31(12):2031-2038.
[7]Suffet M.Fate of pollutants in the air and water environments.Part 1.Mechanism of interaction between environments and mathematical modeling and the physical fate of pollutants[J].Journal of Urban History,1977,35(4):561-570.
[8]韩松林.象山港物质输运特性的描述方法及相关问题研究[D].大连:大连理工大学,2015.Han S L.Studies on mass transport description method and relevant issues in Xiangshan Bay[D].Dalian:Dalian University of Technology,2015.
[9]Kjerfve B.Comparative oceanography of coastal lagoons[J].Estuarine Variability,1986,8:63-81.
[10]Christian F,Arturas R,Saulius G,et al.Hydraulic regime-based zonation scheme of the Curonian Lagoon[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,611(1):133-146.
[11]李小宝.大型海湾水交换高效计算方法研究[D].天津:天津大学,2011.Li X B.Study on efficient calculation method for water exchange in large bay[D].Tianjin:Tianjin University,2011.
[12]李斐.基于FVM的渤海潮流及潮余流特征分析[J].中国水运,2011,11(11):154-155.Li F.Analysis of tidal current and tidal residual current characteristics in Bohai based on FVM[J].China Water Transport,2011,11(11):154-155.
[13]Cucco A,Umgiesser G,Ferrarin C,et al.Eulerian and lagrangian transport time scales of a tidal active coastal basin[J].Ecological Modelling,2009,220(7):913-922.
[14]Viero D P,Defina A.Water age,exposure time,and local flushing time in semi-enclosed,tidal basins with negligible freshwater inflow[J].Journal of Marine Systems,2016,156:16-29.
[15]Christian F,Arturas R,Saulius G,et al.Hydraulic regime-based zonation scheme of the Curonian Lagoon[J].Hydrobiologia,2008,611(1):133-146.
[16]宋朋远,拾兵,阮雪景.海阳阎家河人工泻湖水体交换数值研究[J].海洋湖沼通报,2013,1:167-173.Song P Y,Shi B,Ruan X J.A numerical simulation study of artificial lagoon water exchange in Yanjihe,Haiyang[J].Transactions of Oceanology and Limnology,2013,1:167-173.
[17]Umgiesser G,Zemlys P,Erturk A,et al.Seasonal renewal time variability in the Curonian Lagoon caused by atmospheric and hydrographical forcing[J].Ocean Science Discussions,2016,12(4):2043-2072.
[18]陈媛媛,高学平,张晨,等.景观型泻湖水体交换特性研究[J].安全与环境学报,2014,14(1):153-156.Chen Y Y,Gao X P,Zhang C,et al.On the water-body renewal of a landscape lagoon[J].Journal of Safety&Environment,2014,14(1):153-156.
[19]刘亚柳,金照光.昌黎黄金海岸自然保护区七里海潟湖湿地生态系统退化分析与修复对策[J].吉林地质,2010,29(2):127-129.Liu Y L,Jin Z G.Ecosystem degradation analysis and restoration measures of Qilihai lagoon wetland,Changli Gold Coast nature reserve[J].Jilin Geology,2010,29(2):127-129.
[20]袁振杰.河北七里海潟湖湿地动态演变与环境整治研究[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2008.Yuan Z J.Study on Dynamic Evolution and Environmental Improvement of Wetland in Qilihai Lagoon,Hebei Province[D].Shijiazhuang:Hebei Normal University,2008.
[21]杨会利,袁振杰,高伟明.七里海泻湖湿地演变过程及其生态环境效应分析[J].湿地科学,2009,7(2):118-124.Yang H L,Yuan Z J,Gao W M.The evolution process and analysis on eco-environmental effect of the Qilihai lagoon wetland[J].Wetland Science,2009,7(2):118-124.
[22]匡翠萍,刘鹏晨,姚凯华,等.渤海新区近岸海洋水动力环境数值模拟研究报告[R].上海:同济大学,2012.Kuang C P,Liu P C,Yao K H,et al.Study report of numerical simulation on the hydrodynamic and environment of the nearshore ocean in Bohai New District[R].Shanghai:Tongji University,2012.
[23]顾杰,胡成飞,李正尧,等.秦皇岛河流-海岸水动力和水质耦合模拟分析[J].海洋科学,2017,41(2):1-11.Gu J,Hu C F,Li Z Y,et al.Coupling simulation and analysis of hydrodynamics and water quality in Qinhuangdao rivers and coastal waters[J].Marine Sciences,2017,41(2):1-11.
[24]Cort J W.On the validation of models[J].Physical Geography,1981,2(55):184-194.
[25]匡翠萍,李行伟,刘曙光.大规模围垦对香港维多利亚港水动力环流的影响[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(2):176-181.Kuang C P,Li X W,Liu S G.Effect of large scale reclamation on hydrodynamic circulation in Victoria Harbour of Hong Kong[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2009,37(2):176-181.
[26]Abdelrhman M A.Simplified modeling of flushing and residence times in 42embayments in New England,USA,with special attention to Greenwich Bay,Rhode Island[J].Estuarine Coastal&Shelf Science,2005,62(1/2):339-351.
[27]王宝灿.海岸动力地貌[M].上海:华东师范大学出版社,1989.Wang B C.Coastal dynamic geomorphology[M].Shanghai:East China Normal University Press,1989.
[28]熊学军,胡筱敏,王冠琳,等.半封闭海湾纳潮量的一种直接观测方法[J].海洋技术学报,2007,26(4):17-19.Xiong X J,Hu X M,Wang G L,et al.A kind of direct observation method of storage capacity for tidal water of semiclosed bays[J].Ocean Technology,2007,26(4):17-19.
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