齐家文化时期(4200～3600 cal. a BP)青藏高原高庙盆地植被重建及与现今对比
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摘要
高庙盆地是青藏高原史前文化重要活动区域,也是青藏高原东北缘植被垂直地带性最为显著的地域,是揭示自然环境与人类活动相互作用的典型区域。对高庙盆地店子坪遗址剖面开展了年代学与孢粉研究,重建了齐家文化时期的区域植被状况。结果表明:孢粉组合以松属、云杉属、蒿属为主,并伴有少量桦属、鹅耳枥属、榆属、沙棘属、藜科、菊科;结合高庙盆地现今地貌与植被分布特征,推测齐家文化时期(4 200～3 600cal.a BP)盆地内植被类型为森林草原,低阶地以松林为主,并有少量的榆、鹅耳枥和桤木等温带落叶阔叶性树种,属于温性针阔混交林,高阶地及中山地为以蒿属为主的温性草原,沟谷阴坡则可能生长以松、云杉为主的针叶林;与现今植被相比,青藏高原东北缘河谷地带低阶地现今已无松林,全被杨树林等人工林替代,云杉、松分布区较齐家文化时期显著萎缩,仅在中—高山地带呈岛状不连续分布,推测历史时期人类活动可能是青藏高原东北缘河谷地带植被变化的重要驱动力。
Gaomiao Basin is an important area for the prehistoric culture of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and is also the most significant area of vertical zonality of vegetation in the northeast edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and is a typical area to reveal the interaction of natural environment andhuman activities.The chronology and sporopollen of Dianziping site in Gaomiao Basin were studied,and the regional vegetation status during Qijia culture period was rebuilt.The results show that the sporopollen assemblage is mainly composed of Pinus,Piceaand Artemisia,with a few Betula,Carpinus,Ulmus,Hippophae,Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae;according to the distribution characteristics of modern landform and vegetation in Gaomiao Basin,it is assumed that the vegetation types are forest and steppe during Qijia culture period(4 200-3 600 cal.a BP),the lower terrace mainly develops pine forests,followed by temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees,such as Ulmus,Carpinus and Alnus,which belong to temperate coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest,the high terrace and middle mountainous mainly develop temperate steppe with Artemisia,and the shady slopes and valleys mainly develop Pinus and Picea;compared with modern vegetation,there is no pine forest in the low terrace of river valley,the northeast edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which is replaced by artificial vegetation,such as alamo forest;compared with Qijia culture period,the distribution areas of spruce and pine significantly shrink and distribute discontinuously as island disjunction only in the middle-high mountainous,so that the human activities in the historical period are presumed to be an important driving force of vegetation changes in river valley,the northeast edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
Gaomiao Basin is an important area for the prehistoric culture of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and is also the most significant area of vertical zonality of vegetation in the northeast edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,and is a typical area to reveal the interaction of natural environment andhuman activities.The chronology and sporopollen of Dianziping site in Gaomiao Basin were studied,and the regional vegetation status during Qijia culture period was rebuilt.The results show that the sporopollen assemblage is mainly composed of Pinus,Piceaand Artemisia,with a few Betula,Carpinus,Ulmus,Hippophae,Chenopodiaceae and Asteraceae;according to the distribution characteristics of modern landform and vegetation in Gaomiao Basin,it is assumed that the vegetation types are forest and steppe during Qijia culture period(4 200-3 600 cal.a BP),the lower terrace mainly develops pine forests,followed by temperate deciduous broad-leaved trees,such as Ulmus,Carpinus and Alnus,which belong to temperate coniferous and broadleaved mixed forest,the high terrace and middle mountainous mainly develop temperate steppe with Artemisia,and the shady slopes and valleys mainly develop Pinus and Picea;compared with modern vegetation,there is no pine forest in the low terrace of river valley,the northeast edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which is replaced by artificial vegetation,such as alamo forest;compared with Qijia culture period,the distribution areas of spruce and pine significantly shrink and distribute discontinuously as island disjunction only in the middle-high mountainous,so that the human activities in the historical period are presumed to be an important driving force of vegetation changes in river valley,the northeast edge of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.
引文
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