湘西南地区基性——超基性岩型硫化镍矿找矿前景
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摘要
湘西南地区处于扬子板块与华南褶皱系拼接带内,深大断裂贯穿全区,幔源岩浆活动强烈,青白口纪(雪峰期)基性—超基性岩成群成带分布。在通道陇城开展镍矿找矿工作,获取了丰富的找镍信息,首次发现了隐伏含镍矿化带,厚61.66 m,全镍(TNi)平均品位为0.1%。通过研究陇城基性—超基性岩带岩石岩相、地球物理、地球化学、镍矿化特征,并与广西宝坛地区已知的含矿岩体进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)超基性岩为引起磁异常的起因,含镍超基性岩具有"三高一低"(高磁性、高密度、高极化率、低电阻率)的物性组合特征,是寻找镍矿的重要物探标志;(2)独立的辉绿岩w(∑REE)、w(La)/w(Lu)值为边缘相辉绿岩的2～3.5倍,地表辉绿岩w(∑REE)、w(La)/w(Lu)值较低(分别为50×10-6左右、(20～30)×10-6),为寻找镍矿的地球化学标志;(3)镍矿受高分异岩体控制,超基性辉橄岩、橄榄岩带为含镍矿化带,往深部可能出现贯入型矿体。在上述分析的基础上,进一步研究认为,湘西南地区今后镍矿找矿工作思路为:率先对陇城地区已知的镍矿化带进行深部钻探验证,通过开展地面磁测工作筛选找矿靶区,结合稀土测试工作甄选岩脉(体),以重、磁、电物探测深组合手段预测定位镍矿体。
Southwestern Hunan Province lies in the junction belt of Yangtze Plate and South China fold system,with deep and large faults running through the whole area,mantle-derived magma activity is strong,and the distribution of basic-ultrabasic rock in Qingbaikouan strata(Xuefengian)are grouped and zoned.Prospecting work of nickel deposit is carried out in Longcheng in Togndao County,abundant prospecting information is obtained,concealed nickel mineralized belt with the thickness of 61.66 m and average TNi grade of 0.1%is discovered.By studying the petrography,geophysics,geochemistry and nickel mineralization characteristics of Longcheng basic-ultrabasic rock belt,and comparing them with the known ore-bearing rocks in Baotan Area in Guangxi Province.The study results show that:(1)ultrabasic rock is the cause of magnetic anomalies,the nickel-bearing ultrabasic rock have the physical combination characteristics of"three high and one low"(high magnetism,high density,high polarizability and low resistivity),which is the important geophysical indicators for the prospecting of nickel deposit;(2)w(∑REE)and w(La)/w(Lu)values of the independent diabase are 2～2.5 times of marginal diabase,w(∑REE)and w(La)/w(Lu)values of surface diabase are both lower than others,w(∑REE)is about 50×10-6,w(∑REE)is(20～30)×10-6,it can be regarded as geochemical indicator for the prospecting of nickel deposit;(3)the nickel deposit is controlled by high differentiation pluton,the ultrabasic pyroxene peridotite and peridotite zones are nickel mineralized zones,and penetrated orebodies may appear in the deep part.Based on the above discussion results,further analysis results indicated that the prospecting ideas of nickel orebodies in Southwestern Hunan Province can be summarized as:the known nickel mineralization belt in Longcheng Area can be firstly verified by deep drilling engineering,prospecting target area can be delineated by ground magnetic survey work,based on rare earth testing results to select the dikes(bodies),therefore,metallogenic prediction and location of nickel orebodies can be done effectively by means of the combination method of gravity,magnetic and electrical geophysical sounding.
Southwestern Hunan Province lies in the junction belt of Yangtze Plate and South China fold system,with deep and large faults running through the whole area,mantle-derived magma activity is strong,and the distribution of basic-ultrabasic rock in Qingbaikouan strata(Xuefengian)are grouped and zoned.Prospecting work of nickel deposit is carried out in Longcheng in Togndao County,abundant prospecting information is obtained,concealed nickel mineralized belt with the thickness of 61.66 m and average TNi grade of 0.1%is discovered.By studying the petrography,geophysics,geochemistry and nickel mineralization characteristics of Longcheng basic-ultrabasic rock belt,and comparing them with the known ore-bearing rocks in Baotan Area in Guangxi Province.The study results show that:(1)ultrabasic rock is the cause of magnetic anomalies,the nickel-bearing ultrabasic rock have the physical combination characteristics of"three high and one low"(high magnetism,high density,high polarizability and low resistivity),which is the important geophysical indicators for the prospecting of nickel deposit;(2)w(∑REE)and w(La)/w(Lu)values of the independent diabase are 2～2.5 times of marginal diabase,w(∑REE)and w(La)/w(Lu)values of surface diabase are both lower than others,w(∑REE)is about 50×10-6,w(∑REE)is(20～30)×10-6,it can be regarded as geochemical indicator for the prospecting of nickel deposit;(3)the nickel deposit is controlled by high differentiation pluton,the ultrabasic pyroxene peridotite and peridotite zones are nickel mineralized zones,and penetrated orebodies may appear in the deep part.Based on the above discussion results,further analysis results indicated that the prospecting ideas of nickel orebodies in Southwestern Hunan Province can be summarized as:the known nickel mineralization belt in Longcheng Area can be firstly verified by deep drilling engineering,prospecting target area can be delineated by ground magnetic survey work,based on rare earth testing results to select the dikes(bodies),therefore,metallogenic prediction and location of nickel orebodies can be done effectively by means of the combination method of gravity,magnetic and electrical geophysical sounding.
引文
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[11]周继彬.桂北-湘西新元古代镁铁质岩的形成时代和成因[D].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2006.Zhou Jibin.Age and Origin of Neoproterozoic Mafic Magmatism in Northern Guangxi-Western Hunan[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou In-stitute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.
[12]葛文春,李献华,李正祥,等.龙胜地区镁铁质侵入体:年龄及其地质意义[J].地质科学,2001,36(1):112-118.Ge Wenchun,Li Xianhua,Li Zhengxiang,et al.Mafic in trusions in Longsheng Area age and its geological implications[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2001,36(1):112-118.
[13]韩宗珠,衣伟虹,丁蒙蒙,等.桂北元宝山镁铁超镁铁岩类岩石地球化学及成因研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2011,41(9):71-76.Han Zongzhu,Yi Weihong,Ding Mengmeng,et al.Lithogeochemistry and formation of mafic-ultramafic rocks from Yuanbaoshan Area of Northern Guangxi[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China:Natural Science Edition,2011,41(9):71-76.
[14]周金城,王孝磊,邱检生,等.桂北中-新元古代镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的岩石地球化学[J].岩石学报,2003,19(1):9-18.Zhou Jincheng,Wang Xiaolei,Qiu Jiansheng,et al.Lithogeochenistry of meso and Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic rocks from Northern Guangx[iJ].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2003,19(1):9-18.
[15]杨振军,刘继顺,尹利君,等.桂北宝坛地区铜镍矿床成矿规律与成矿潜力分析[J].矿物学报,2010,30(3):379-388.Yang Zhenjun,Liu Jishun,Yin Lijun,et al.Analysis on the oreforming mechanism and potential of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in Baotan Area,Guibei Region,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2010,30(3):379-388.
[16]李廷栋,丁孝终,肖庆辉,等.中国区域地质志.湖南志[M].北京:地质出版社,2017.Li Tingdong,Ding Xiaozhong,Xiao Qinghui,et al.Regional Geological Annals of China:Hunan Chronicles[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2017.
[17]汤中立,任端进,薛增瑞,等.湖南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.Tang Zhongli,Ren Duanjin,Xue Zengrui,et al.Regional Geology of Hunan Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1998.
[18]王彦国.二维起伏地形磁异常正演及其在湖南通道长界铜镍矿床勘探中的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Wang Yanguo.Two-dimensional Forward Calculation of Magnetic Terrain Fluctuation Anomaly and Its Application in Changjie Copper and Nickel Deposit Exploration in Tongdao County of Hunan Province[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[19]宋叔和,汤中立,任端进.中国矿床:上册[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1993.Song Shuhe,Tang Zhongli,Ren Duanjin.China Deposit:Volume 1[M].Beijing:Beijing Science and Technology Press,1993.
[20]吴利仁.论中国基性岩、超基性岩的成矿专属性[J].地质科学,1963,4(1):29-41.Wu Liren.Basic and ultrabasic rocks’metallogenetic specialization in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1963,4(1):29-41.
[2]文件生,覃小锋,彭展,等.湘西长界地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩地球化学特征及构造背景[J].南方国土资源,2014,31(9):46-48.Wen Jiansheng,Qin Xiaofeng,Peng Zhan,et al.Geochemical characteristics and tectonic background of mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Changjie Area,Western Hunan[J].Land and Resources of Southern China,2014,31(9):46-48.
[3]刘鸿允,沙庆安,胡世玲.中国南方的震旦系[J].中国科学,1973(2):202-212.Liu Hongyun,Sha Qingan,Hu Shiling.The Sinian System in Southern China[J].Science China,1973(2):202-212.
[4]郑基俭,贾宝华,刘耀荣,等.湘西安江地区镁铁质-超镁铁质岩形成时代、岩浆来源和形成环境[J].中国区域地质,2001(2):164-169.Zheng Jijian,Jia Baohua,Liu Yaorong,et al.Age,magma source and formation environment of mafic-ultramafic rocks in the Anjiang Area,Western Hunan[J].Regional Geology of China,2001(2):164-169.
[5]邓奇,王剑,汪正江,等.江南造山带新元古代中期(830~750 Ma)岩浆活动及对构造演化的制约[J].大地构造与成矿学,2016,40(4):753-771.Deng Qi,Wang Jian,Wang Zhengjiang,et al.Middle Neoproterozoic magmatic activities and their constraints on tectonic evolution of the Jiangnan Orogen[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2016,40(4):753-771.
[6]赵军红,王伟,刘航.扬子东南缘新元古代地质演化[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2015,34(2):227-233.Zhao Junhong,Wang Wei,Liu Hang.Geological evolution of the Southeastern Yangtze Block during the Neoproterozoic[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,Petrology and Geochemistry,2015,34(2):227-233.
[7]刘钟伟.湖南前寒武纪火山岩地球化学特征及产出构造环境[J].湖南地质,1994(3):137-146.Liu Zhongwei.Geochemistry of Precambrian volcanic rocks in Hunan and their tectonic setting[J].Hunan Geology,1994(3):137-146.
[8]马慧英,孙海清,谢维.扬子东南缘“南华纪”火山岩与沉积盆地演化[J].中国有色金属学报,2013,23(9):2631-2640.Ma Huiying,Sun Haiqing,Xie Wei“.Nanhuaian”volcanic rocks and sedimentary basin evolution in southeastern margin of Yangtze platform[J].The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2013,23(9):2631-2640.
[9]张春红,范蔚茗,王岳军,等.湘西隘口新元古代基性-超基性岩墙年代学和地球化学特征:岩石成因及其构造意义[J].大地构造与成矿学,2009,33(2):283-293.Zhang Chunhong,Fan Weiming,Wang Yuejun,et al.Geochronology and geochemistry of the Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic dykes in the Aikou Area,Western Hunan Province:petrogenesis and its tectonic implications[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2009,33(2):283-293.
[10]朱安汉,覃小锋,王宗起,等.湘西南-桂北交界地区加里东期基性岩的发现及其地质意义[J].科学技术与工程,2016,16(5):19-25.Zhu Anhan,Qin Xiaofeng,Wang Zongqi,et al.Discovery of Caledonian mafic rocks in Southwestern Hunan-Northern Guangxi border area and its geological significance[J].Science Technology and Engineering,2016,16(5):19-25.
[11]周继彬.桂北-湘西新元古代镁铁质岩的形成时代和成因[D].广州:中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,2006.Zhou Jibin.Age and Origin of Neoproterozoic Mafic Magmatism in Northern Guangxi-Western Hunan[D].Guangzhou:Guangzhou In-stitute of Geochemistry,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2006.
[12]葛文春,李献华,李正祥,等.龙胜地区镁铁质侵入体:年龄及其地质意义[J].地质科学,2001,36(1):112-118.Ge Wenchun,Li Xianhua,Li Zhengxiang,et al.Mafic in trusions in Longsheng Area age and its geological implications[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,2001,36(1):112-118.
[13]韩宗珠,衣伟虹,丁蒙蒙,等.桂北元宝山镁铁超镁铁岩类岩石地球化学及成因研究[J].中国海洋大学学报:自然科学版,2011,41(9):71-76.Han Zongzhu,Yi Weihong,Ding Mengmeng,et al.Lithogeochemistry and formation of mafic-ultramafic rocks from Yuanbaoshan Area of Northern Guangxi[J].Periodical of Ocean University of China:Natural Science Edition,2011,41(9):71-76.
[14]周金城,王孝磊,邱检生,等.桂北中-新元古代镁铁质-超镁铁质岩的岩石地球化学[J].岩石学报,2003,19(1):9-18.Zhou Jincheng,Wang Xiaolei,Qiu Jiansheng,et al.Lithogeochenistry of meso and Neoproterozoic mafic-ultramafic rocks from Northern Guangx[iJ].Acta Petrologica Sinica,2003,19(1):9-18.
[15]杨振军,刘继顺,尹利君,等.桂北宝坛地区铜镍矿床成矿规律与成矿潜力分析[J].矿物学报,2010,30(3):379-388.Yang Zhenjun,Liu Jishun,Yin Lijun,et al.Analysis on the oreforming mechanism and potential of Cu-Ni sulfide deposits in Baotan Area,Guibei Region,China[J].Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2010,30(3):379-388.
[16]李廷栋,丁孝终,肖庆辉,等.中国区域地质志.湖南志[M].北京:地质出版社,2017.Li Tingdong,Ding Xiaozhong,Xiao Qinghui,et al.Regional Geological Annals of China:Hunan Chronicles[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2017.
[17]汤中立,任端进,薛增瑞,等.湖南省区域地质志[M].北京:地质出版社,1988.Tang Zhongli,Ren Duanjin,Xue Zengrui,et al.Regional Geology of Hunan Province[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1998.
[18]王彦国.二维起伏地形磁异常正演及其在湖南通道长界铜镍矿床勘探中的应用[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2011.Wang Yanguo.Two-dimensional Forward Calculation of Magnetic Terrain Fluctuation Anomaly and Its Application in Changjie Copper and Nickel Deposit Exploration in Tongdao County of Hunan Province[D].Beijing:China University of Geosciences(Beijing),2011.
[19]宋叔和,汤中立,任端进.中国矿床:上册[M].北京:科学技术出版社,1993.Song Shuhe,Tang Zhongli,Ren Duanjin.China Deposit:Volume 1[M].Beijing:Beijing Science and Technology Press,1993.
[20]吴利仁.论中国基性岩、超基性岩的成矿专属性[J].地质科学,1963,4(1):29-41.Wu Liren.Basic and ultrabasic rocks’metallogenetic specialization in China[J].Chinese Journal of Geology,1963,4(1):29-41.
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