三峡库区干流鱼类资源现状与物种多样性保护
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摘要
为掌握三峡库区干流现有鱼类种类组成和物种多样性状况,2013-2015年在三峡库区干流涪陵、云阳、巫山和秭归4个江段开展渔获物调查,分析了该区域的鱼类资源现状及物种多样性。结果表明,调查期间共收集到鱼类84种,隶属于5目、13科,以鲤形目和鲇形目为主,其中包括厚颌鲂(Megalobrama pellegrini)、岩原鲤(Procypris rabaudi)、圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti)等12种长江上游特有鱼类,鱼类种类数没有显著变化;多样性分析显示,以相对重要性指数(IRI)大于2%为标准,三峡库区鱼类群落优势种共15种,其中飘鱼(Pseudolaubuca sinensis)和黑尾歺又鱼(Hemiculter nigromarginis)的优势度最高。渔获物调查表明,三峡库区日平均单船产量为8.93kg;鱼类群落的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H)和Simpson优势度指数(D)呈现逐年增加趋势。基于本调查结果,提出了栖息地恢复、严格控制捕捞强度等措施,以保护三峡库区干流的鱼类多样性。
To better understand the status of fish resources in the mainstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir,we carried out a fishery resource investigation in the Fuling,Yunyang,Wushan and Zigui sections August-September and November-December in 2013,2014 and 2015.The investigation focused on fish species composition,ecotype,dominant species,catch size and diversity.The study provides basic data for fishery resource conservation and sustainable utilization as well as ecological restoration in Three Gorges Reservoir.During the survey,data on 47,748 fish,totaling 1,849.69 kg,were obtained from 203 fish catch boats.A total of 84 species,including 12 species endemic to the upper Yangtze River,were identified,representing 13 families and 5orders and dominated by Cypriniformes and Siluriformes.The number of fish species did not change significantly from previous studies and the primary ecotypes included limnophilic(15species),rheophilic(35species)and eurytopic(34species).There were 15 species with an index of relative importance(IRI)>2% and Pseudolaubuca sinensis and Hemiculter nigromarginis displayed the highest IRI.The catch per unit fishing effort(CPUE)was 8.93kg/boat-day.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H)and Simpson dominance index(D)trended upward year by year.Based on the results of the survey,habitat restoration and strict control of fishing intensity are recommended to protect fish diversity in the main channel of Three Georges Reservoir.
To better understand the status of fish resources in the mainstream of the Three Gorges Reservoir,we carried out a fishery resource investigation in the Fuling,Yunyang,Wushan and Zigui sections August-September and November-December in 2013,2014 and 2015.The investigation focused on fish species composition,ecotype,dominant species,catch size and diversity.The study provides basic data for fishery resource conservation and sustainable utilization as well as ecological restoration in Three Gorges Reservoir.During the survey,data on 47,748 fish,totaling 1,849.69 kg,were obtained from 203 fish catch boats.A total of 84 species,including 12 species endemic to the upper Yangtze River,were identified,representing 13 families and 5orders and dominated by Cypriniformes and Siluriformes.The number of fish species did not change significantly from previous studies and the primary ecotypes included limnophilic(15species),rheophilic(35species)and eurytopic(34species).There were 15 species with an index of relative importance(IRI)>2% and Pseudolaubuca sinensis and Hemiculter nigromarginis displayed the highest IRI.The catch per unit fishing effort(CPUE)was 8.93kg/boat-day.The Shannon-Wiener diversity index(H)and Simpson dominance index(D)trended upward year by year.Based on the results of the survey,habitat restoration and strict control of fishing intensity are recommended to protect fish diversity in the main channel of Three Georges Reservoir.
引文
陈宜瑜,1998.中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲:鲤形目(中卷)[M].北京:科学出版社.
丁瑞华,1994.四川鱼类志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
乐佩琦,2000.中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲:鲤形目(下卷)[M].北京:科学出版社.
李斌,江星,王志坚,等,2011.三峡库区蓄水后小江鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,41(6):37-42.
刘春池,高欣,林鹏程,等,2012.葛洲坝水库鱼类群落结构特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,21(7):843-849.
毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等,2011.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,30(12):2836-2842.
汪亮,崔鸿,曹文宣,2007.略论长江渔具渔法与渔业资源保护[J].水利渔业,27(5):108-109.
王珂,李翀,段辛斌,等,2012.三峡库区春季鱼类组成及分布特征[J].淡水渔业,43(3):44-48.
王珂,2013.三峡库区鱼类时空分布特征及与相关因子关系分析[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院.
吴强,段辛斌,徐树英,等,2007.长江三峡库区蓄水后鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,37(2):70-75.
肖琼,杨志,唐会元,等,2015.乌江下游干流鱼类物种多样性及其资源保护[J].生物多样性,23(4):499-506.
杨峰,姚维志,邓华堂,等,2013.三峡库区蓄水后大宁河鱼类资源现状研究[J].淡水渔业,43(4):51-57.
杨少荣,高欣,马宝珊,等,2010.三峡库区木洞江段鱼类群落结构的季节变化[J].应用与环境生物学报,16(4):555-560.
杨志,唐会元,朱迪,等,2015.三峡水库175m试验性蓄水期库区及其上游江段鱼类群落结构时空分布格局[J].生态学报,35(15):5064-5075.
叶学瑶,陶敏,朱光平,等,2017.三峡库区小江鱼类群落特征及其历史变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,26(6):841-846.
赵莎莎,叶少文,谢松光,等,2015.三峡水库香溪河鱼类资源现状及渔业管理建议[J].水生生物学报,39(5):973-982.
Fan X G,Wei Q W,Chang J,et al,2006.A review on conservation issues in the upper Yangtze River-a last chance for a big challenge:Can Chinese paddlefish(Psephurus gladius),Dabry′s sturgeon,(Acipenser dabryanus)and other fish species still be saved?[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,22(s1):32-39.
Park Y S,Chang J,Lek S,et al,2003.Conservation strategies for endemic fish species threatened by the Three Gorges Dam[J].Conservation biology,17(6):1748-1758.
Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson K,1971.Food habits of albacore bluefin tuna and bonito in Californian waters[J].California Department of Fish and Game:Fish Bulletin,152:1-105.
丁瑞华,1994.四川鱼类志[M].成都:四川科学技术出版社.
乐佩琦,2000.中国动物志:硬骨鱼纲:鲤形目(下卷)[M].北京:科学出版社.
李斌,江星,王志坚,等,2011.三峡库区蓄水后小江鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,41(6):37-42.
刘春池,高欣,林鹏程,等,2012.葛洲坝水库鱼类群落结构特征研究[J].长江流域资源与环境,21(7):843-849.
毛志刚,谷孝鸿,曾庆飞,等,2011.太湖鱼类群落结构及多样性[J].生态学杂志,30(12):2836-2842.
汪亮,崔鸿,曹文宣,2007.略论长江渔具渔法与渔业资源保护[J].水利渔业,27(5):108-109.
王珂,李翀,段辛斌,等,2012.三峡库区春季鱼类组成及分布特征[J].淡水渔业,43(3):44-48.
王珂,2013.三峡库区鱼类时空分布特征及与相关因子关系分析[D].北京:中国水利水电科学研究院.
吴强,段辛斌,徐树英,等,2007.长江三峡库区蓄水后鱼类资源现状[J].淡水渔业,37(2):70-75.
肖琼,杨志,唐会元,等,2015.乌江下游干流鱼类物种多样性及其资源保护[J].生物多样性,23(4):499-506.
杨峰,姚维志,邓华堂,等,2013.三峡库区蓄水后大宁河鱼类资源现状研究[J].淡水渔业,43(4):51-57.
杨少荣,高欣,马宝珊,等,2010.三峡库区木洞江段鱼类群落结构的季节变化[J].应用与环境生物学报,16(4):555-560.
杨志,唐会元,朱迪,等,2015.三峡水库175m试验性蓄水期库区及其上游江段鱼类群落结构时空分布格局[J].生态学报,35(15):5064-5075.
叶学瑶,陶敏,朱光平,等,2017.三峡库区小江鱼类群落特征及其历史变化[J].长江流域资源与环境,26(6):841-846.
赵莎莎,叶少文,谢松光,等,2015.三峡水库香溪河鱼类资源现状及渔业管理建议[J].水生生物学报,39(5):973-982.
Fan X G,Wei Q W,Chang J,et al,2006.A review on conservation issues in the upper Yangtze River-a last chance for a big challenge:Can Chinese paddlefish(Psephurus gladius),Dabry′s sturgeon,(Acipenser dabryanus)and other fish species still be saved?[J].Journal of Applied Ichthyology,22(s1):32-39.
Park Y S,Chang J,Lek S,et al,2003.Conservation strategies for endemic fish species threatened by the Three Gorges Dam[J].Conservation biology,17(6):1748-1758.
Pinkas L,Oliphant M S,Iverson K,1971.Food habits of albacore bluefin tuna and bonito in Californian waters[J].California Department of Fish and Game:Fish Bulletin,152:1-105.
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