离心模型试验中微型土压力盒土压力测定
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摘要
土压力作为离心模型试验中重要的测试参数,受土压力盒的性能、离心机数据采集系统稳定性及外部环境等诸多因素的影响,准确地测量土压力较为困难。土压力盒作为土压力测试元件,其性能对土压力测量准确性有直接影响。为获得较为准确的土压力测试数据,结合离心机数据采集系统,选择两种常见的电阻应变式土压力盒。通过标定试验得出两种土压力盒砂标系数均小于出厂标定系数,Ⅰ型偏小64.75%,Ⅱ型偏小18.77%,Ⅱ型土压力盒与出厂数据的重合度比Ⅰ型好;在研究墙高10～30m类扶壁式挡墙侧向土压力分布的离心模型试验中,与Ⅱ型土压力盒相比,Ⅰ型存在按出厂系数测得数据失真、灵敏度低和稳定性差的缺点。标定试验和离心试验结果表明,接入自行组建的数据采集系统的Ⅱ型土压力盒比接入静态应变数据采集系统的Ⅰ型土压力盒性能更佳。
Earth pressure is an important test parameter in centrifugal model experiment, it can be affected by many factors such as the performance of the earth pressure cell, the stability of the centrifuge data acquisition system and the external environment, so accurate measurement of earth pressure is hard to obtain. As a component of earth pressure measurement, the performance of earth pressure cell can directly affect the accuracy of earth pressure measurement. To get more accurate test data, two common resistance strain type earth pressure cells are selected to test using the centrifuge data acquisition system. The calibration test shows that two cells' calibration coefficients of sand are smaller than the factory calibration coefficients. The calibration coefficients of sand for the type Ⅰ are 64.75% lower than the factory calibration coefficients, and that of type Ⅱ are 18.77% lower. The coincidence degree between type Ⅱ earth pressure cell and factory data is better than that of type Ⅰ earth pressure cell. In a centrifugal model test for measuring the lateral earth pressure distribution of counterfort retaining wall with wall height of 10-30 m, type Ⅰ earth pressure cell has some shortcomings, such as data distortion measured by factory calibration coefficients, poor stability and low sensitivity, compared with the type Ⅱ cell. The results of calibration test and centrifugal test show that type Ⅱ cell with self established data acquisition system has better performance than type Ⅰ with static strain data acquisition system.
Earth pressure is an important test parameter in centrifugal model experiment, it can be affected by many factors such as the performance of the earth pressure cell, the stability of the centrifuge data acquisition system and the external environment, so accurate measurement of earth pressure is hard to obtain. As a component of earth pressure measurement, the performance of earth pressure cell can directly affect the accuracy of earth pressure measurement. To get more accurate test data, two common resistance strain type earth pressure cells are selected to test using the centrifuge data acquisition system. The calibration test shows that two cells' calibration coefficients of sand are smaller than the factory calibration coefficients. The calibration coefficients of sand for the type Ⅰ are 64.75% lower than the factory calibration coefficients, and that of type Ⅱ are 18.77% lower. The coincidence degree between type Ⅱ earth pressure cell and factory data is better than that of type Ⅰ earth pressure cell. In a centrifugal model test for measuring the lateral earth pressure distribution of counterfort retaining wall with wall height of 10-30 m, type Ⅰ earth pressure cell has some shortcomings, such as data distortion measured by factory calibration coefficients, poor stability and low sensitivity, compared with the type Ⅱ cell. The results of calibration test and centrifugal test show that type Ⅱ cell with self established data acquisition system has better performance than type Ⅰ with static strain data acquisition system.
引文
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[2]杜延龄,韩连兵.土工离心模型试验技术[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2010.DU Yan-ling,HAN Lian-bing.Geotechnical centrifugal model test technology[M].Beijing:China Water and Power Press,2010.
[3]国家电力企业联合会.DL/T 5102―2013土工离心模型试验技术规程[S].北京:中国电力出版社,2014.China Electricity Council.DL/T 5102―2013 Specification for geotechnical centrifuge model test techniques[S].Beijing:China Electric Power Press,2014.
[4]刘宝有.土压力传感器的标定方法[J].传感器技术,1990,(3):42-45.LIU Bao-you.Calibration method of earth pressure sensor[J].Sensor Technology,1990,(3):42-45.
[5]JOSEPH F L,BRENT T.Laboratory calibratison of earth pressure cells[J].Geotechnical Testing,2005,28(2):188-196.
[6]任连伟,肖扬,顾红伟.砂土介质中多类型土压力盒标定试验[J].河海大学学报(自然科学版),2016,44(2):155-159.REN Lian-wei,XIAO Yang,GU Hong-wei.Experimental study on calibration tests of earth pressure cells in sand soil[J].Journal of Hohai University(Natural Sciences),2016,44(2):155-159.
[7]韦四江,王大顺,郜进海,等.微型土压力盒的标定及修正[J].地下空间与工程学报,2009,5(5):1003-1006.WEI Si-jiang,WANG Da-shun,GAO Jin-hai,et al.Calibration and correction of micro earth pressure box[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2009,5(5):1003-1006.
[8]MIURA K,OTSUKA N,KOHAMA E,et al.The size of earth pressure cells on measurement in granular materials[J].The Japanese Geotechnical Society,2003,43(5):133-147.
[9]李春林,陈青春,丁启朔.用于土壤压实监测的土压力传感器标定[J].实验技术与管理,2010,27(4):63-66.LI Chun-lin,CHEN Qing-chun,DING Qi-shuo.Calibration of earth pressure sensors for monitoring soil compaction[J].Experimental Technology and Management,2010,27(4):63-66.
[10]芮瑞,吴端正,胡港,等.模型试验中膜式土压力盒标定及其应用[J].岩土工程学报,2016,38(5):837-845.RUI Rui,WU Duan-zheng,HU Gang,et al.Calibration and application of membrane type soil pressure box in model test[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2016,38(5):837-845.
[11]TALESNICK M,HORANY H,DANCYGIER A N,et al.Measuring soil pressure on a buried model structure for the validation of quantitative frameworks[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2008,134(6):855-865.
[12]TALESNICK M.Measuring soil pressure within a soil mass[J].Canadian Geotechnical Journal,2003,50(7):716-722.
[13]余尚江,曾辉.土中自由场应力与结构表面压力测量的差异[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(6):684-687.YU Shang-jiang,ZENG Hui.The difference between measurements of stress in soil and pressure on wallsurface[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(6):684-687.
[14]曾辉,余尚江,陈佳妍.岩土压力传感器静匹配问题的研究进展[J].岩土力学,2005,26(7):1173-1176.ZENG Hui,YU Shang-jiang,CHEN Jia-yan.Development of research on pressure transducer static matching error in rock and soil[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(7):1173-1176.
[15]魏永权,罗强,张良,等.离心力场中微型土压力传感器非线性响应分析[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):286-292.WEI Yong-quan,LUO Qiang,ZHANG Liang,et al.Study of nonlinear response of miniature earth pressure transducer in centrifugal force field[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):286-292.
[16]交通部公路科学研究院.JTG/E40―2007公路土工试验规程[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2007.Research Institute of Highway Ministry of Transport.JTG/E40―2007 Test methods of soils for highway engineering[S].Beijing:China Communications Press,2007.
[17]曾辉,余尚江.岩土应力传感器设计和使用原则[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(1):93-98.ZENG Hui,YU Shang-jiang.Design and use policy of stress sensors in geotechnical engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(1):93-98.
[18]顾慰慈.挡土墙土压力计算手册[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,2005.GU Wei-ci.Calculation of earth pressure acting on retaining wall[M].Beijing:China Building Materials Press,2005.
[19]岳祖润,彭胤宗,张师德.压实黏性填土挡土墙土压力离心模型试验[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(6):90-95.YUE Zu-run,PENG Yin-zong,ZHANG Shi-de.Centrifuge model tests on lateral pressure on walls retaining compacted clayey backfill[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(6):90-95.
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