砂砾岩油藏储层非均质性及对剩余油分布影响——以柴达木盆地昆北油田切12区为例
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摘要
以柴达木盆地切12区冲积扇砂砾岩油藏为例,针对制约油藏开发的关键地质因素——储层非均质性,运用地质、测井及生产动态等资料,深入剖析砂砾岩储层非均质特征及其对剩余油分布的影响,认为沉积组构差异控制形成的储层孔隙结构差异是储层微观非均质性的主因,冲积扇沉积构型单元时空分布是储层宏观非均质性的主控因素.研究结果表明:厚层砂砾岩发育2类储层孔隙结构、2类渗透率韵律类型、1种夹层类型、2类夹层分布样式、2种有效砂体结构、4类有效砂体连通模式,扇中复合水道平面非均质性最强,渗透率变异系数大于0.7,扇根"泛连通体"平面非均质性中等,渗透率变异系数介于0.3～0.5.储层非均质性主要通过沉积构型单元的渗流屏障分布样式、渗透率韵律性、储层孔隙结构等方面影响剩余油的分布,导致不同构型单元剩余油分布规律不同.在扇中复合水道及水道萎缩期单元内,受注入水沿高渗层大孔道非均匀突进的影响,形成绕流、孤岛状等微观剩余油,且富集于复合韵律层的上部;在扇根"泛连通体"单元内,受注采连通性差和储层低渗透性的影响,剩余油片状富集.
In view of the key geological factors restricting reservoir development,reservoir heterogeneity of alluvial fan sandy conglomerate reservoir and its influence on remaining oil distribution was studied according to geology,wireline logging data and production dynamic data in Qie12 block of Qaidam basin.The study illustrates that the difference of pore structures controlled by the difference of sedimentary fabric is the main cause of reservoir micro heterogeneity.Besides,the temporal and spatial distribution of sedimentary structure units in alluvial fan mainly controls reservoir macroscopic heterogeneity.The results show that the thick sandyconglomerate develops two kinds of pore structure,two kinds of permeability rhythm,one kind of inter-layer,two kinds of inter-layer distribution,two kinds of effective sandbody architecture and four kinds of sandbody connecting scheme.The plane heterogeneity is the strongest in overlapping compound channel of middle fan and the permeability variation coefficient is greater than 0.7.However,it is medium in"pano-connective sand-gravel body"of root fan and the variation coefficient is between 0.3and 0.5.Influenced by reservoir heterogeneity,such as distribution patterns of flow barriers,permeability rhythm,reservoir pore structures,the distributions of remaining oil vary significantly in different sedimentary structure units.In overlapping compound channel or atrophic channel units of middle fan,influenced by inhomogeneous breakthrough of injection water flowing along the dominant channel in high permeability layer,the microscopic flow-around and isolated remaining oil forms and mainly concentrates in the upper part of compound rhythmic layer,while in "pano-connective sand-gravel body"of root fan,poor injector-producer connectivity and low reservoir permeability lead to sheet enrichment of remaining oil.
In view of the key geological factors restricting reservoir development,reservoir heterogeneity of alluvial fan sandy conglomerate reservoir and its influence on remaining oil distribution was studied according to geology,wireline logging data and production dynamic data in Qie12 block of Qaidam basin.The study illustrates that the difference of pore structures controlled by the difference of sedimentary fabric is the main cause of reservoir micro heterogeneity.Besides,the temporal and spatial distribution of sedimentary structure units in alluvial fan mainly controls reservoir macroscopic heterogeneity.The results show that the thick sandyconglomerate develops two kinds of pore structure,two kinds of permeability rhythm,one kind of inter-layer,two kinds of inter-layer distribution,two kinds of effective sandbody architecture and four kinds of sandbody connecting scheme.The plane heterogeneity is the strongest in overlapping compound channel of middle fan and the permeability variation coefficient is greater than 0.7.However,it is medium in"pano-connective sand-gravel body"of root fan and the variation coefficient is between 0.3and 0.5.Influenced by reservoir heterogeneity,such as distribution patterns of flow barriers,permeability rhythm,reservoir pore structures,the distributions of remaining oil vary significantly in different sedimentary structure units.In overlapping compound channel or atrophic channel units of middle fan,influenced by inhomogeneous breakthrough of injection water flowing along the dominant channel in high permeability layer,the microscopic flow-around and isolated remaining oil forms and mainly concentrates in the upper part of compound rhythmic layer,while in "pano-connective sand-gravel body"of root fan,poor injector-producer connectivity and low reservoir permeability lead to sheet enrichment of remaining oil.
引文
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[4]ZHANG Wei,ZHANG Jinliang,XIE Jun.Research on reservoir bed heterogeneity,interlayers and seal layers and controlling factors of 2+3sands of upper second member,Shahejie formation,in the west of the Pucheng Oilfield[J].Petroleum Science,2008,21(5):135-144.
[5]杨智峰,曾溅辉,冯枭,等.致密砂岩储层小尺度非均质性与石油富集特征[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(1):121-126.YANG Zhifeng,ZENG Jianhui,FENG Xiao,et al.Small-scaled heterogeneity of tight sandstone reservoirs and oil accumulation characteristics[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(1):121-126.
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[7]陈欢庆,王珏,杜宜静.储层非均质性研究方法进展[J].高校地质学报,2017,23(3):104-116.CHEN Huanqing,WANG Jue,DU Yijing.Advances of research methods on reservoir heterogeneity[J].Geological Journal of China Universities,2017,23(3):104-116.
[8]张云鹏,汤艳.油藏储层非均质性研究综述[J].海洋地质前沿,2011,27(3):17-22.ZHANG Yunpeng,TANG Yan.A review of reservoir heterogeneity research[J].Marine Geology Frontiers,2011,27(3):17-22.
[9]焦养泉,李思田,李祯,等.碎屑岩储层物性非均质性的层次结构[J].石油与天然气地质,1998,19(2):89-92.JIAO Yangquan,LI Sitian,LI Zhen,et al.Heterogeneity of porosity and permeability in clastic rock reservoirs[J].Oil&Gas Geology,1998,19(2):89-92.
[10]郑占,吴胜和,许长福,等.克拉玛依油田六区克下组冲积扇岩石相及储层质量差异[J].石油与天然气地质,2010,31(4):463-471.ZHENG Zhan,WU Shenghe,XU Changfu,et al.Lithofacies and reservoirs of allluvial fan in the Lower Keramay formation in the block-6of Karamay oilfield,the Junggar basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2010,31(4):463-471.
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[13]林伶,牟中海,马达德,等.昆北油田切12区E13碎屑岩储层特征及控制因素[J].特种油气藏,2011,18(4):26-29.LIN Ling,MOU Zhonghai,MA Dade,et al.Characteristics and control factors of the E31 clastic rock reservoir in the Q12block of the Kunbei oilfield[J].Special Oil and Gas Reservoirs,2011,18(4):26-29.
[14]谭先锋,夏敏全,张勤学,等.柴达木盆地西南缘下干柴沟组下段辫状河三角洲沉积特征[J].石油与天然气地质,2016,37(3):332-340.TAN Xianfeng,XIA Minquan,ZHANG Qinxue,et al.Sedimentary characteristics of braided river delta of the lower member of the Lower Ganchaigou formation in southwestern Qaidam basin[J].Oil&Gas Geology,2016,37(3):332-340.
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[18]祝海华,钟大康,姚泾利,等.鄂尔多斯西南地区长7段致密油储层微观特征及成因机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2014,43(5):853-863.ZHU Haihua,ZHONG Dakang,YAO Jingli,et al.Microscopic characteristics and formation mechanism of Upper Triassic Chang 7tight oil reservoir in the southwest Ordos basin[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2014,43(5):853-863.
[19]高辉,王美强,尚水龙.应用恒速压汞定量评价特低渗透砂岩的微观孔喉非均质性:以鄂尔多斯盆地西峰油田长8储层为例[J].地球物理学进展,2013,28(4):1900-1907.GAO Hui,WANG Meiqiang,SHANG Shuilong.Quantitative evaluation of micro-pore throat heterogeneity in extra-low permeability sandstone using constant rate mercury penetration:Taking the Chang8reservoir of Xifeng oilfield in Ordos basin[J].Progress in Geophysics,2013,28(4):1900-1907.
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