地震作用下地裂缝场地地震动参数试验研究
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摘要
为研究地裂缝场地地表动力响应规律,以西安f_4地裂缝场地为工程背景,采用剪切型模型箱,进行振动台模型试验。分析了地裂缝场地在地震作用下的破坏特征和动力响应,得到了地表地震动参数变化规律。试验结果表明:地震作用下,地裂缝场地的主裂缝在地表开裂、扩展,并在裂缝区产生与其45°相交的次生裂缝,次生裂缝的数量随着地震强度增大而增多;地表地震动参数峰值均表现出上、下盘效应,均在上盘裂缝处最大,逐渐向两侧递减;随着输入地震强度增大,地表加速度及Arias强度放大系数逐渐减小;上盘加速度变化频率较快,且上、下盘两侧加速度峰值存在相位差,但两侧位移及速度时程波形基本一致。该研究成果可为跨地裂缝结构抗震设计提供重要参考。
In order to study the dynamic response of ground fissure sites, based on a 13-layer shear model box, the shaking table test was used to simulate the dynamic response of the f_4 ground fissure site in Xi'an. The failure characteristics and dynamic response of the ground fissure site under different seismic waves were studied. The peak change laws of ground motion parameters were obtained. The test results showed that the main fissure gradually cracked and expanded on the surface, and the secondary fissures were developed at 45 degree joining the main fissure as the dynamic test continued. Moreover, the number of secondary fissures increased with the increase of input seismic intensity. The response of ground motion parameters at the ground fissure site had hanging-wall/footwall effect. The ground motion peak of the hanging-wall reached the maximal value at the fissure on hanging-wall side and the peak gradually decreased from the main fissure to the two sides. Beyond that, the seismic intensity increasing weakened the site amplification effect. In addition, the changing frequency of acceleration at the hanging-wall site was faster than that at the footwall site. Meanwhile, there was a phase difference between the peak acceleration response on the hanging-wall and that on the footwall. However, the velocity and displacement time history curves of two sides were basically consistent. The research results are an important reference for seismic design of structure passing through the ground fissures.
In order to study the dynamic response of ground fissure sites, based on a 13-layer shear model box, the shaking table test was used to simulate the dynamic response of the f_4 ground fissure site in Xi'an. The failure characteristics and dynamic response of the ground fissure site under different seismic waves were studied. The peak change laws of ground motion parameters were obtained. The test results showed that the main fissure gradually cracked and expanded on the surface, and the secondary fissures were developed at 45 degree joining the main fissure as the dynamic test continued. Moreover, the number of secondary fissures increased with the increase of input seismic intensity. The response of ground motion parameters at the ground fissure site had hanging-wall/footwall effect. The ground motion peak of the hanging-wall reached the maximal value at the fissure on hanging-wall side and the peak gradually decreased from the main fissure to the two sides. Beyond that, the seismic intensity increasing weakened the site amplification effect. In addition, the changing frequency of acceleration at the hanging-wall site was faster than that at the footwall site. Meanwhile, there was a phase difference between the peak acceleration response on the hanging-wall and that on the footwall. However, the velocity and displacement time history curves of two sides were basically consistent. The research results are an important reference for seismic design of structure passing through the ground fissures.
引文
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[15]李新生,王万平,王静,等.西安地裂缝两盘地层岩土物理力学性质研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(2):58-61.LI Xin-sheng,WANG Wan-ping,WANG Jing,et al.Research on physical and mechanical properties of strata on both sides of Xi'an ground fractures[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(2):58-61.
[16]ARIAS A.A measure of earthquake intensity[C]//Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants.Cambridge,Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)Press,1970:438-483.
[17]蔡奇鹏,吴宏伟,胡平,等.跨越走滑断层黏土地层动力响应离心机试验研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(7):2424-2432.CAI Qi-peng,CHARLES W W Ng,HU Ping,et al.Centrifuge experimental study of dynamic responses of clay stratum overlying a strike-slip fault[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(7):2424-2432.
[18]BOMMER J J,UDIAS A,CEPEDA J M,et al.A new digital accelerograph network for El Salvador[J].Seismological Research Letters,1997,68(3):426-436.
[19]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2006.HU Yu-xian.Earthquake engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Seismological Press,2006.
[20]WILSON R C,KEEFER D K.Dynamic analysis of a slope failure from the 6 August 1979 Coyote Lake,California,earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1983,73(3):863-877.
[21]陈跃庆,吕西林,李培振,等.不同土性的地基-结构动力相互作用振动台模型试验对比研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(5):57-64.CHEN Yue-qing,LüXi-lin,LI Pei-zhen,et al.Comparative study on the dynamic soil-structure interaction system with various soils by using shaking table model tests[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(5):57-64.
[2]刘聪,彭建兵,陈立伟,等.西安地裂缝场地地震效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2012,20(6):979-985.LIU Cong,PENG Jian-bing,CHEN Li-wei,et al.Finite element analysis of seismic effects on ground fissures in Xi’an[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2012,20(6):979-985.
[3]熊仲明,王艺博,龚宇森,等.地震作用下地裂缝场地的动力响应研究[J].西安建筑科技大学学报(自然科学版),2016,48(3):309-315.XIONG Zhong-ming,WANG Yi-bo,GONG Yu-sen,et al.Research on seismic response of ground fissure site under earthquake[J].Journal of Xi'an University of Architecture&Technology(Natural Science Edition),2016,48(3):309-315.
[4]刘妮娜,黄强兵,门玉明,等.地震荷载作用下地裂缝场地动力响应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2014,33(5):1024-1031.LIU Ni-na,HUANG Qiang-bing,MEN Yu-ming,et al.Model test on dynamic response of ground with fissures under seismic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2014,33(5):1024-1031.
[5]胡志平,王启耀,罗丽娟,等.“y”形地裂缝场地主次裂缝地震响应差异的振动台试验[J].土木工程学报,2014,47(11):98-107.HU Zhi-ping,WANG Qi-yao,LUO Li-juan,et al.Shaking table test on seismic response difference between primary and secondary ground fissures on sites with y-shape ground fissure[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2014,47(11):98-107.
[6]王启耀,胡志平,王瑞,等.地震作用下地裂缝场地地表加速度响应的振动台试验研究[J].铁道学报,2015,37(12):121-128.WANG Qi-yao,HU Zhi-ping,WANG Rui,et al.Shaking table test study on seismic acceleration response of ground fissure site under horizontal seismic action[J].Journal of The China Railway Society,2015,37(12):121-128.
[7]魏彩萍,王涤,王冬冬.唐延路地下人防工程岩土工程地勘报告[R].西安:西北综合勘测设计研究院,2013.WEI Cai-ping,WANG Di,WANG Dong-dong.The geotechnical investigation report of underground civil air defense engineering of Tang Yan road[R].Xi'an:Northwest Research Institute of Engineering Investigations and Design,2013.
[8]熊仲明,张朝,霍晓鹏,等.地裂缝场地加速度响应振动台试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2018,40(3):520-526.XIONG Zhong-ming,ZHANG Chao,HUO Xiao-peng,et al.Shaking table tests on acceleration response of ground fissure site[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2018,40(3):520-526.
[9]刘晓敏,盛谦,陈健,等.大型地下洞室群地震模拟振动台试验研究(Ⅰ):岩体相似材料配比试验[J].岩土力学,2015,36(1):83-88.LIU Xiao-min,SHENG Qian,CHEN Jian,et al.Seismic shaking table test for large-scale underground cavern group(Ⅰ):Proportioning test on similar materials of surrounding rock[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2015,36(1):83-88.
[10]闫孔明,张建经,王志佳,等.非一致激励下地下管线振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2017,38(9):2621-2628.YAN Kong-ming,ZHANG Jian-jing,WANG Zhi-jia,et al.Shaking table test of underground pipelines under non-uniform excitations[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2017,38(9):2621-2628.
[11]林皋,朱彤,林蓓.结构动力模型试验的相似技巧[J].大连理工大学学报,2000,40(1):1-8.LIN Gao,ZHU Tong,LIN Bei.Similarity technique for dynamic structural model test[J].Dalian University of Technology,2000,40(1):1-8.
[12]黄强兵.地裂缝对地铁隧道的影响机制及病害控制研究[D].西安:长安大学,2009.HUANG Qiang-bing.Study on effect of the active ground fissure on metro tunnel and its hazards control[D].Xi’an:Chang’an University,2009.
[13]康帅,楼梦麟,殷琳.不同地震波输入机制下的结构振动台模型试验[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2011,39(9):1273-1279.KANG Shuai,LOU Meng-lin,YIN Lin.Different input mechanism of seismic on shaking table test[J].Journal of Tongji University(Natural Science),2011,39(9):1273-1279.
[14]中国建筑科学研究院.GB50011-2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.China Academy of Building Research.GB50011-2010Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2010.
[15]李新生,王万平,王静,等.西安地裂缝两盘地层岩土物理力学性质研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2008,35(2):58-61.LI Xin-sheng,WANG Wan-ping,WANG Jing,et al.Research on physical and mechanical properties of strata on both sides of Xi'an ground fractures[J].Hydrogeology&Engineering Geology,2008,35(2):58-61.
[16]ARIAS A.A measure of earthquake intensity[C]//Seismic Design for Nuclear Power Plants.Cambridge,Massachusetts:Massachusetts Institute of Technology(MIT)Press,1970:438-483.
[17]蔡奇鹏,吴宏伟,胡平,等.跨越走滑断层黏土地层动力响应离心机试验研究[J].岩土力学,2018,39(7):2424-2432.CAI Qi-peng,CHARLES W W Ng,HU Ping,et al.Centrifuge experimental study of dynamic responses of clay stratum overlying a strike-slip fault[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2018,39(7):2424-2432.
[18]BOMMER J J,UDIAS A,CEPEDA J M,et al.A new digital accelerograph network for El Salvador[J].Seismological Research Letters,1997,68(3):426-436.
[19]胡聿贤.地震工程学[M].2版.北京:地震出版社,2006.HU Yu-xian.Earthquake engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Seismological Press,2006.
[20]WILSON R C,KEEFER D K.Dynamic analysis of a slope failure from the 6 August 1979 Coyote Lake,California,earthquake[J].Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America,1983,73(3):863-877.
[21]陈跃庆,吕西林,李培振,等.不同土性的地基-结构动力相互作用振动台模型试验对比研究[J].土木工程学报,2006,39(5):57-64.CHEN Yue-qing,LüXi-lin,LI Pei-zhen,et al.Comparative study on the dynamic soil-structure interaction system with various soils by using shaking table model tests[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2006,39(5):57-64.
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