我国重点氟污染行业排放清单与土壤氟浓度估算
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摘要
工业生产排放和土壤氟高背景值导致我国部分地区氟污染严重,给生态安全和人类健康造成严重威胁.本文基于我国氟排放重点行业的生产产能,估算重点行业生产过程中氟排放量,构建我国重点行业氟排放清单,基于数据集成和融合,分析我国土壤氟背景值、氟地球化学分布和土壤氟浓度分布,并对氟污染典型区域氟污染成因及控制进行系统分析.分析发现,我国氟排放的重点行业有钢铁、磷肥和电解铝.磷肥施用的氟排放量最大,但施用面积大,浓度贡献小;电解铝行业的氟排放强度大;钢铁行业的氟排放总量大,但排放强度较小.我国大部分地区土壤氟背景值不高,环境容量大.但部分地区氟污染严重,主要是由工业氟排放和土壤氟高背景值造成,这些地区应采取相应的防控措施.
Industry-induced fluorine emissions and high background values of fluorine in soil lead to serious fluorine pollution in some regions of China,posing a serious threat to ecological security and human health. Based on the production capacity of China's key industries contributing to fluorine emission,we estimated the fluorine emissions of key industries and built a fluorine emission list in China. Based on data integration and fusion,the soil fluorine background value,fluorine geochemical distribution and soil fluorine concentration distribution in China were analyzed. Then,the causes and control of fluorine pollution in typical areas were analyzed. The results showed that productions of steel,phosphorus fertilizers and electrolytic aluminum were the key industries for fluorine emissions in China. The highest fluorine emission was from the application of phosphorus fertilizers. Due to the huge area of P application,its contribution to soil fluorine concentration was negligible.Electrolytic aluminum production resulted in a high intensity of fluorine emission. A high amount of fluorine was discharged with steel industry production,with low emission intensity. In most parts of China,the soil fluorine background value is low and the environmental capacity is large. In some areas of China,however,fluorine pollution is serious,mainly due to industrial fluorine emissions and high background values of fluorine in soil. These regions should take corresponding prevention and control measures.
Industry-induced fluorine emissions and high background values of fluorine in soil lead to serious fluorine pollution in some regions of China,posing a serious threat to ecological security and human health. Based on the production capacity of China's key industries contributing to fluorine emission,we estimated the fluorine emissions of key industries and built a fluorine emission list in China. Based on data integration and fusion,the soil fluorine background value,fluorine geochemical distribution and soil fluorine concentration distribution in China were analyzed. Then,the causes and control of fluorine pollution in typical areas were analyzed. The results showed that productions of steel,phosphorus fertilizers and electrolytic aluminum were the key industries for fluorine emissions in China. The highest fluorine emission was from the application of phosphorus fertilizers. Due to the huge area of P application,its contribution to soil fluorine concentration was negligible.Electrolytic aluminum production resulted in a high intensity of fluorine emission. A high amount of fluorine was discharged with steel industry production,with low emission intensity. In most parts of China,the soil fluorine background value is low and the environmental capacity is large. In some areas of China,however,fluorine pollution is serious,mainly due to industrial fluorine emissions and high background values of fluorine in soil. These regions should take corresponding prevention and control measures.
引文
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[8]Yuan Z-M(袁志明).Fluorine pollution monitoring and analysis evaluation around electrolytic aluminum factory,Shanxi Metallurgy(山西冶金),2016,39(6):41-42(in Chinese)
[9]Chen J-J(陈剑杰),Cao J-L(曹谨玲),Luo Y-J(罗永巨),et al.Effects of nano-selenium on antioxidant capacity and histopathology of Cyprinus carpio liver under fluoride stress.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2013,24(10):2970-2976(in Chinese)
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[11]Xie Z-M(谢正苗),Wu W-H(吴卫红),Xu J-M(徐建民).Translocation and transformation of fluorides in the environment and their biological effects.Progress in Environmental Science(环境科学进展),1999,7(2):41-54(in Chinese)
[12]Yu Q-Y(于群英),Ci E(慈恩),Yang L-Z(杨林章).Contents of different soil fluorine forms in North Anhui and their affecting factors.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2007,18(6):1333-1340(in Chinese)
[13]Li F(利锋).Soil fluorine and plants.Guangdong Trace Elements Science(广东微量元素科学),2004,11(5):6-11(in Chinese)
[14]Xu Z-G(徐宗刚),Liang S-H(梁胜江),Guo F-C(郭法成),et al.Effect of fluorine pollution in electrolytic aluminum plant on peripheral maize yield and grain quality.Agricultural Environment and Development(农业环境与发展),2009,26(4):92-94(in Chinese)
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[16]Xie Y-P(谢亚平).Aluminum electrolysis fluorine balance and related fluoride salt consumption.Light Metals(轻金属),1997,22(5):30-33(in Chinese)
[17]Zhao J(赵军),Huang Z(黄哲),Li J-F(李俊飞),et al.Theory on the control of fluoride in aluminum industry a case study.Journal of Northeast Normal University(Natural Science)(东北师大学报:自然科学版),2015,47(3):143-148(in Chinese)
[18]Shang Q(尚谦).Determination of pollution parameters of fluorine-containing exhaust gas discharged from aluminum electrolysis.Nonferrous Metals Processing(有色金属加工),1998,22(6):20-26(in Chinese)
[19]Yun M-R(云敏瑞),Yun P(云鹏),Gao X-L(高晓玲).The pollution changing tendency and treatment effectiveness analysis of fluoride in the air of Baotou City.Inner Mongolia Environmental Protection(内蒙古环境保护),2005,17(4):17-19(in Chinese)
[20]Zhang C-X(张传秀).Fluoride in the exhaust gas of the steel industry.Metallurgical Environmental Protection(冶金环境保护),2009,33(4):27-29(in Chinese)
[21]Chen S-L(陈世黎),Rong H-M(荣鸿敏).Current status,law and treatment technology of fluorine pollution in coal-fired power plants.Electric Power Environmental Protection(电力科技与环保),1991,2(4):47-51(in Chinese)
[22]Tang W-W(唐文伟),Gu G-W(顾国维),Zhao J-F(赵建夫),et al.Study on fluorine pollution problem of power plant burning coal.Chongqing Environmental Science(重庆环境科学),1999,21(4):39-42(in Chinese)
[23]Zhang L(张玲).Current status of fluorine pollution in coal combustion in China.Shangqing(商情),2011,47(1):133-134(in Chinese)
[24]Wu D-S(吴代赦).Study on Environmental Geochemistry of Fluorine in Chinese Coals.PhD Thesis.Guiyang:Institute of Geochemistry,Chinese Aeademy of Sciences,2004(in Chinese)
[25]Wu D-S(吴代赦),Zheng B-S(郑宝山),Tang X-Y(唐修义),et al.Content and distribution of fluorine in chinese coals.Environmental Science(环境科学),2005,28(1):7-11(in Chinese)
[26]Zheng B-S(郑宝山),Cai R-G(蔡荣贵).Study on the fluoride content of coal in China.Chinese Journal of Control of Endemic Disenaces(中国地方病防治杂志),1988,3(2):70-72(in Chinese)
[27]Zhang F(张方).Fluorite resource and the development of China fluorine chemical industry.Chemical Industry(化学工业),2008,26(7):6-9(in Chinese)
[28]Zou H(邹灏),Zhang S-T(张寿庭),Fang Y(方乙),et al.Current situation and prospect of fluorite deposit researches in China.Scientific and Technological Management of Land and Resources(国土资源科技管理),2012,29(5):35-42(in Chinese)
[29]Wang Z-L(王振亮),Lu R-J(鲁瑞君),Lin T-L(林天亮),et al.Analysis of the distribution characteristics and the metallogenic regularity of fluorspar mine in China.China Non-Metallic Mining Industry Herald(中国非金属矿工业导刊),2013,33(5):56-59(in Chinese)
[30]Wang J-P(王吉平),Shang P-Q(商朋强),Xiong X-X(熊先孝),et al.Metallogenic regularities of fluorite deposits in China.Chinese Geology(中国地质),2015,42(1):18-32(in Chinese)
[31]Yuan J-H(袁俊宏).Development and utilization of fluorite resources in China.Organo-Fluorine Industry(有机氟工业),2005,33(2):27-29(in Chinese)
[32]Wang W-L(王文利),Bai Z-M(白志民).Fluorite resources in China and its industrial development status.Metal Mine(金属矿山),2014,43(3):1-9(in Chinese)
[33]Li J(李敬),Gao Y-Z(高永璋),Zhang H(张浩).Fluorite resource status and its sustainable development countermeasures in China.China Mining Magazine(中国矿业),2017,26(10):7-14(in Chinese)
[34]Wang Y(王莹).Production of phosphatic compound fertilizer industry in 2016 and its developing trend in2017 in China.Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer(磷肥与复肥),2017,32(6):1-6(in Chinese)
[35]Xu N(许宁).The all-around utilization of fluorine in the waste gas from the phosphate fertilizer industry.Silicone and Fluorine Information(有机硅氟资讯),2009,34(2):32-37(in Chinese)
[36]Na Z-H(纳志辉),Wang G-Q(王国清),Li C-P(李川坪).Emissions of fluoride and environmental management in phosphate fertilizer enterprises.Environmental Science Survey(环境科学导刊),2015,34(S1):45-47(in Chinese)
[37]Wang M(王敏).Discussion on measures to solve overcapacity and promote industry quality of phosphate fertilizer industry in China.Phosphate&Compound Fertilizer(磷肥与复肥),2013,28(4):6-11(in Chinese)
[38]Wei F-S(魏复盛).Background Value of Soil Environment in China.Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,1992(in Chinese)
[39]Yang J-Y(杨金燕),Gou M(苟敏).The Research status of fluorine contamination in soils of China.Ecology and Environmnet(生态环境学报),2017,26(3):506-513(in Chinese)
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