枸杞属药用植物资源系统利用与产业化开发
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摘要
枸杞属Lycium L.植物种质资源全世界约80种,有药用记载的16种,其中以果实入药的有8种,以枝叶入药的有11种,以根入药的有9种。载入《中华人民共和国药典》的仅有宁夏枸杞的果实、根皮和枸杞的根皮,其余均作为民族药或地方习用品入药。除果实和根皮外,枸杞叶、花均有药用记载;除作药用外,枸杞属植物资源也是功能性食品的重要原料。本文结合课题组枸杞研究进展对该类群药用植物资源系统利用现状、潜在资源价值及其产业化前景等进行了系统整理和构建,目的是为枸杞属药用植物资源产业链延伸和价值提升提供借鉴。
There are approximately 80 species of Lycium L.( Solanaceae) in the world,including 16 species medicinal plants. The fruits of eight species, leaves and branches of eleven species and roots of nine species are used as medicines. While,only the fruits and roots of L. barbarum,and roots of L. chinense are officially listed in Chinese pharmacopoeia,others are used as ethnic medicine of local supplies. Meanwhile,the leaves and flowers of L. barbarum are also recorded as medicine. Besides as medicine,plant resources of Lycium are also an important raw material for functional food. This paper systematically collected and constructed the utilization status,potential resource value and industrialization prospect of plant resources in this genus based on the research progress,aimed at providing reference for extension industrial chain and promotion values of plant resources in Lycium.
There are approximately 80 species of Lycium L.( Solanaceae) in the world,including 16 species medicinal plants. The fruits of eight species, leaves and branches of eleven species and roots of nine species are used as medicines. While,only the fruits and roots of L. barbarum,and roots of L. chinense are officially listed in Chinese pharmacopoeia,others are used as ethnic medicine of local supplies. Meanwhile,the leaves and flowers of L. barbarum are also recorded as medicine. Besides as medicine,plant resources of Lycium are also an important raw material for functional food. This paper systematically collected and constructed the utilization status,potential resource value and industrialization prospect of plant resources in this genus based on the research progress,aimed at providing reference for extension industrial chain and promotion values of plant resources in Lycium.
引文
[1]中国科学院中国植物志编辑委员会.中国植物志[M].北京:科学出版社,2006.
[2] YAO R,HEINRICH M,WECKERLE C S. The genus Lycium as food and medicine:A botanical,ethnobotanical and historical review[J]. J Ethnopharacol,2017,218:50-66.
[3]王晓宇,陈鸿平,银玲,等.中国枸杞属植物资源概述[J].中药与临床,2011,2(5):1-3.
[4] CHEN J,LIU X,ZHU L,et al. Nuclear genome size estimation and karyotype analysis of Lycium species(Solanaceae)[J].Sci Hortic-amsterdam,2013,151(2):46-50.
[5] ULBRICHT C,BRYAN J K,COSTA D,et al. An evidencebased systematic review of goji(Lycium spp.)by the natural standard research collaboration[J]. J Diet Suppl,2014,8(4):378-454.
[6] ZENG S,WU M,ZOU C,et al. Comparative analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit development in two Lycium species[J]. Physiol Plantarum,2014,150(4):505-516.
[7] ZHONG Y,SHAHIDI F,NACZK M. Composition,Phytochemicals,and Beneficial Health Effects of Dried Fruits:An Overview[M]//ALASALVAR C,SHAHIDI F. Dried Fruits:Phytochemicals and Health Effects. Hoboken:A John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2013:133-144.
[8] AMAGASE H,FARNSWORTH N R. A review of botanical characteristics,phytochemistry,clinical relevance in efficacy and safety of Lycium barbarum fruit(Goji)[J]. Food Res Int,2011,44(7):1702-1717.
[9] MOCAN A,ZENGIN G,SIMIRGIOTIS M,et al. Functional constituents of wild and cultivated Goji(L. barbarum L.)leaves:phytochemical characterization,biological profile,and computational studies[J]. J Enzym Inhib Med Chem,2017,32(1):153-168.
[10] LYU X,WANG C,YANG C,et al. Isolation and structural characterization of a polysaccharide LRP4-A from Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[J]. Carbohydr Res,2013,365(2):20-25.
[11]徐常青,刘赛,徐荣,等.我国枸杞主产区生产现状调研及建议[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(11):1979-1984.
[12]佚名.神农本草经[M].清·顾观光,辑.杨鹏举,校注.北京:学苑出版社,2007:95-96.
[13]唐德才,吴庆光.中药学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:343-344.
[14]如克亚·加帕尔,孙玉敬,钟烈州,等.枸杞植物化学成分及其生物活性的研究进展[J].中国食品学报,2013,13(8):161-172.
[15] TANG W M,CHAN E,KWOK C Y,et al. A review of the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Lycium barbarum,fruit[J]. Inflammopharmacology,2012,20(6):307-314.
[16] WANG H,LI J,TAO W,et al. Lycium ruthenicum studies:Molecular biology,Phytochemistry and pharmacology[J].Food Chem,2017,240:759-766.
[17]张芳,郭盛,钱大玮,等.枸杞多糖的提取纯化与分子结构研究进展及产业化开发现状与前景分析[J].中草药,2017,48(3):424-432.
[18]张芳,郭盛,钱大玮,等.基于国内外专利分析的枸杞多糖资源产业化途径及策略[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(23):4285-4291.
[19] QIAN D,ZHAO Y,YANG G,et al. Systematic review of chemical constituents in the genus Lycium(Solanaceae)[J].Molecules,2017,22(6):911-944.
[20] KULCZYN'SKI B,GRAMZAMICHAOWSKA A. Goji berry(Lycium barbarum):composition and health effects-a review[J]. Pol J Food Nutr Sci,2016,66(2):67-76.
[21] MASCI A,CARRADORI S,CASADEI M A,et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides:Extraction,purification,structural characterisation and evidence about hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. A review[J]. Food Chem,2018,254:377-389.
[22] WANG X,PANG L,ZHANG Y,et al. Lycium barbarum,polysaccharide promotes nigrostriatal dopamine function by modulating PTEN/AKT/m TOR pathway in a methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)murine model of Parkinson’s disease[J]. Neurochem Res,2018,43(4):938-947.
[23] HSU H J,HUANG R F,KAO T H,et al. Preparation of carotenoid extracts and nanoemulsions from Lycium barbarum L. and their effects on growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells[J]. Nanotechnology,2017,28(13):135103.
[24] KIM H P,KIM S Y,LEE E J,et al. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate from Lycium chinense has hepatoprotective activity[J]. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol,1997,97(3):301-314.
[25] ZHOU Z Q,FAN H X,HE R R,et al. Lycibarbarspermidines A-O,New Dicaffeoylspermidine Derivatives from Wolfberry,with Activities against Alzheimer’s Disease and Oxidation[J]. J Agr Food Chem,2016,64(11):2223-2237.
[26]江纪武.世界药用植物速查辞典[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:562-563.
[27]陈雅林,谭芳,彭勇.枸杞叶的研究进展[J].中国药学杂志,2017,52(5):358-361.
[28] OLATUNJI O J,CHEN H,ZHOU Y. Effect of the polyphenol rich ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Lycium chinense Mill. on oxidative stress,dyslipidemia,and diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats[J]. Chem Biodivers,2017,14:e1700277.
[29] OLATUNJI O J,CHEN H,ZHOU Y. Lycium chinense leaves extract ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing hyperglycemia mediated renal oxidative stress and inflammation[J]. Biomed Pharmacother,2018,102:1145-1151.
[30] REN L,LI J,XIAO Y,et al. Polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum,L. leaves enhances absorption of endogenous calcium,and elevates cecal calcium transport protein levels and serum cytokine levels in rats[J]. J Funct Foods,2017,33:227-234.
[31]段金廒.中药资源化学-理论基础与资源循环利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:987-998.
[32]刘洪超,郭庆梅,周凤琴.地骨皮的功效考证与现代药理学研究比较[J].山东中医药大学学报,2009,33(6):533-534.
[33]张秀云,周凤琴.地骨皮药效成分及临床应用研究进展[J].山东中医药大学学报,2012,36(3):243-244.
[34] XIE L W,ATANASOV A G,GUO D A,et al. Activityguided isolation of NF-κB inhibitors and PPARγagonists from the root bark of Lycium chinense Miller[J]. J Ethnopharacol,2014,152:470-477.
[35] CHEN H,LI Y J,SUN Y H,et al. Antihyperlipidemic glycosides from the root bark of Lycium chinense[J]. Nat Prod Res,2018,DOI:10. 1080/14786419. 2018. 1466125.
[36] CHEN H,LI Y J,SUN Y J,et al. Lignanamides with potent antihyperlipidemic activities from the root bark of Lycium chinense[J]. Fitoterapia,2017,122:119-125.
[37] CHEN H,OLATUNJI O J,ZHOU Y. Anti-oxidative,antisecretory and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract from the root bark of Lycium chinense,(Cortex Lycii)against gastric ulcer in mice[J]. J Nat Med,2016,70(3):610-619.
[38]张芳,郭盛,钱大玮,等.枸杞子中多类型小分子化学物质研究开发现状及前景分析[J].中药材,2016,39(12):2917-2921.
[39]白寿宁.超临界CO2萃取枸杞籽油及枸杞色素研究[J].粮食与油脂,2004(7):12-16.
[40]白寿宁.枸杞油提取试验与研究[J].食品科学,1996,17(10):31-34.
[41]李巍,王英华,小池一男,等.枸杞籽及其提取枸杞油后的残渣中提取α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制剂的方法及其用途:CN 102872064 A[P]. 2013-01-16.
[42]段金廒.中药废弃物的资源化利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
[2] YAO R,HEINRICH M,WECKERLE C S. The genus Lycium as food and medicine:A botanical,ethnobotanical and historical review[J]. J Ethnopharacol,2017,218:50-66.
[3]王晓宇,陈鸿平,银玲,等.中国枸杞属植物资源概述[J].中药与临床,2011,2(5):1-3.
[4] CHEN J,LIU X,ZHU L,et al. Nuclear genome size estimation and karyotype analysis of Lycium species(Solanaceae)[J].Sci Hortic-amsterdam,2013,151(2):46-50.
[5] ULBRICHT C,BRYAN J K,COSTA D,et al. An evidencebased systematic review of goji(Lycium spp.)by the natural standard research collaboration[J]. J Diet Suppl,2014,8(4):378-454.
[6] ZENG S,WU M,ZOU C,et al. Comparative analysis of anthocyanin biosynthesis during fruit development in two Lycium species[J]. Physiol Plantarum,2014,150(4):505-516.
[7] ZHONG Y,SHAHIDI F,NACZK M. Composition,Phytochemicals,and Beneficial Health Effects of Dried Fruits:An Overview[M]//ALASALVAR C,SHAHIDI F. Dried Fruits:Phytochemicals and Health Effects. Hoboken:A John Wiley&Sons,Inc.,2013:133-144.
[8] AMAGASE H,FARNSWORTH N R. A review of botanical characteristics,phytochemistry,clinical relevance in efficacy and safety of Lycium barbarum fruit(Goji)[J]. Food Res Int,2011,44(7):1702-1717.
[9] MOCAN A,ZENGIN G,SIMIRGIOTIS M,et al. Functional constituents of wild and cultivated Goji(L. barbarum L.)leaves:phytochemical characterization,biological profile,and computational studies[J]. J Enzym Inhib Med Chem,2017,32(1):153-168.
[10] LYU X,WANG C,YANG C,et al. Isolation and structural characterization of a polysaccharide LRP4-A from Lycium ruthenicum Murr.[J]. Carbohydr Res,2013,365(2):20-25.
[11]徐常青,刘赛,徐荣,等.我国枸杞主产区生产现状调研及建议[J].中国中药杂志,2014,39(11):1979-1984.
[12]佚名.神农本草经[M].清·顾观光,辑.杨鹏举,校注.北京:学苑出版社,2007:95-96.
[13]唐德才,吴庆光.中药学[M].北京:人民卫生出版社,2016:343-344.
[14]如克亚·加帕尔,孙玉敬,钟烈州,等.枸杞植物化学成分及其生物活性的研究进展[J].中国食品学报,2013,13(8):161-172.
[15] TANG W M,CHAN E,KWOK C Y,et al. A review of the anticancer and immunomodulatory effects of Lycium barbarum,fruit[J]. Inflammopharmacology,2012,20(6):307-314.
[16] WANG H,LI J,TAO W,et al. Lycium ruthenicum studies:Molecular biology,Phytochemistry and pharmacology[J].Food Chem,2017,240:759-766.
[17]张芳,郭盛,钱大玮,等.枸杞多糖的提取纯化与分子结构研究进展及产业化开发现状与前景分析[J].中草药,2017,48(3):424-432.
[18]张芳,郭盛,钱大玮,等.基于国内外专利分析的枸杞多糖资源产业化途径及策略[J].中国中药杂志,2016,41(23):4285-4291.
[19] QIAN D,ZHAO Y,YANG G,et al. Systematic review of chemical constituents in the genus Lycium(Solanaceae)[J].Molecules,2017,22(6):911-944.
[20] KULCZYN'SKI B,GRAMZAMICHAOWSKA A. Goji berry(Lycium barbarum):composition and health effects-a review[J]. Pol J Food Nutr Sci,2016,66(2):67-76.
[21] MASCI A,CARRADORI S,CASADEI M A,et al. Lycium barbarum polysaccharides:Extraction,purification,structural characterisation and evidence about hypoglycaemic and hypolipidaemic effects. A review[J]. Food Chem,2018,254:377-389.
[22] WANG X,PANG L,ZHANG Y,et al. Lycium barbarum,polysaccharide promotes nigrostriatal dopamine function by modulating PTEN/AKT/m TOR pathway in a methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine(MPTP)murine model of Parkinson’s disease[J]. Neurochem Res,2018,43(4):938-947.
[23] HSU H J,HUANG R F,KAO T H,et al. Preparation of carotenoid extracts and nanoemulsions from Lycium barbarum L. and their effects on growth of HT-29 colon cancer cells[J]. Nanotechnology,2017,28(13):135103.
[24] KIM H P,KIM S Y,LEE E J,et al. Zeaxanthin dipalmitate from Lycium chinense has hepatoprotective activity[J]. Res Commun Mol Pathol Pharmacol,1997,97(3):301-314.
[25] ZHOU Z Q,FAN H X,HE R R,et al. Lycibarbarspermidines A-O,New Dicaffeoylspermidine Derivatives from Wolfberry,with Activities against Alzheimer’s Disease and Oxidation[J]. J Agr Food Chem,2016,64(11):2223-2237.
[26]江纪武.世界药用植物速查辞典[M].北京:中国医药科技出版社,2015:562-563.
[27]陈雅林,谭芳,彭勇.枸杞叶的研究进展[J].中国药学杂志,2017,52(5):358-361.
[28] OLATUNJI O J,CHEN H,ZHOU Y. Effect of the polyphenol rich ethyl acetate fraction from the leaves of Lycium chinense Mill. on oxidative stress,dyslipidemia,and diabetes mellitus in streptozotocin-nicotinamide induced diabetic rats[J]. Chem Biodivers,2017,14:e1700277.
[29] OLATUNJI O J,CHEN H,ZHOU Y. Lycium chinense leaves extract ameliorates diabetic nephropathy by suppressing hyperglycemia mediated renal oxidative stress and inflammation[J]. Biomed Pharmacother,2018,102:1145-1151.
[30] REN L,LI J,XIAO Y,et al. Polysaccharide from Lycium barbarum,L. leaves enhances absorption of endogenous calcium,and elevates cecal calcium transport protein levels and serum cytokine levels in rats[J]. J Funct Foods,2017,33:227-234.
[31]段金廒.中药资源化学-理论基础与资源循环利用[M].北京:科学出版社,2015:987-998.
[32]刘洪超,郭庆梅,周凤琴.地骨皮的功效考证与现代药理学研究比较[J].山东中医药大学学报,2009,33(6):533-534.
[33]张秀云,周凤琴.地骨皮药效成分及临床应用研究进展[J].山东中医药大学学报,2012,36(3):243-244.
[34] XIE L W,ATANASOV A G,GUO D A,et al. Activityguided isolation of NF-κB inhibitors and PPARγagonists from the root bark of Lycium chinense Miller[J]. J Ethnopharacol,2014,152:470-477.
[35] CHEN H,LI Y J,SUN Y H,et al. Antihyperlipidemic glycosides from the root bark of Lycium chinense[J]. Nat Prod Res,2018,DOI:10. 1080/14786419. 2018. 1466125.
[36] CHEN H,LI Y J,SUN Y J,et al. Lignanamides with potent antihyperlipidemic activities from the root bark of Lycium chinense[J]. Fitoterapia,2017,122:119-125.
[37] CHEN H,OLATUNJI O J,ZHOU Y. Anti-oxidative,antisecretory and anti-inflammatory activities of the extract from the root bark of Lycium chinense,(Cortex Lycii)against gastric ulcer in mice[J]. J Nat Med,2016,70(3):610-619.
[38]张芳,郭盛,钱大玮,等.枸杞子中多类型小分子化学物质研究开发现状及前景分析[J].中药材,2016,39(12):2917-2921.
[39]白寿宁.超临界CO2萃取枸杞籽油及枸杞色素研究[J].粮食与油脂,2004(7):12-16.
[40]白寿宁.枸杞油提取试验与研究[J].食品科学,1996,17(10):31-34.
[41]李巍,王英华,小池一男,等.枸杞籽及其提取枸杞油后的残渣中提取α-葡萄糖苷酶活性抑制剂的方法及其用途:CN 102872064 A[P]. 2013-01-16.
[42]段金廒.中药废弃物的资源化利用[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2013.
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