Effects of Rice-Fish Co-culture on Oxygen Consumption in Intensive Aquaculture Pond
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摘要
Rice-fish co-culture has gained increasing attention to remediate the negative environmental impacts induced by intensive aquaculture. However, the effect of rice-fish co-culture on oxygen depletion has rarely been investigated. We constructed a rice-fish co-culture system in yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and freshwater shrimp(Macrobrachium nipponense) ponds using a new high-stalk rice variety, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of rice-fish co-culture on water parameters and oxygen consumption. The results showed that rice-fish co-culture reduced the nutrients(total nitrogen, ammonia-N, total phosphorous and potassium) and the dissolved oxygen content in fish and shrimp ponds. However, they showed similar seasonal change of dissolved oxygen in the water of fish and shrimp ponds. Rice-fish co-culture reduced the total amount of oxygen consumption and optimized the oxygen consumption structure in pond. The respiration rates in water and sediment were significantly reduced by 66.1% and 31.7% in the catfish pond, and 64.4% and 38.7% in the shrimp pond, respectively, by additional rice cultivation. Rice-fish co-culture decreased the proportions of respiration in sediment and water, and increased the proportion of fish respiration. These results suggest that rice-fish co-culture is an efficient way to reduce hypoxia in intensive culture pond.
Rice-fish co-culture has gained increasing attention to remediate the negative environmental impacts induced by intensive aquaculture. However, the effect of rice-fish co-culture on oxygen depletion has rarely been investigated. We constructed a rice-fish co-culture system in yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and freshwater shrimp(Macrobrachium nipponense) ponds using a new high-stalk rice variety, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of rice-fish co-culture on water parameters and oxygen consumption. The results showed that rice-fish co-culture reduced the nutrients(total nitrogen, ammonia-N, total phosphorous and potassium) and the dissolved oxygen content in fish and shrimp ponds. However, they showed similar seasonal change of dissolved oxygen in the water of fish and shrimp ponds. Rice-fish co-culture reduced the total amount of oxygen consumption and optimized the oxygen consumption structure in pond. The respiration rates in water and sediment were significantly reduced by 66.1% and 31.7% in the catfish pond, and 64.4% and 38.7% in the shrimp pond, respectively, by additional rice cultivation. Rice-fish co-culture decreased the proportions of respiration in sediment and water, and increased the proportion of fish respiration. These results suggest that rice-fish co-culture is an efficient way to reduce hypoxia in intensive culture pond.
Rice-fish co-culture has gained increasing attention to remediate the negative environmental impacts induced by intensive aquaculture. However, the effect of rice-fish co-culture on oxygen depletion has rarely been investigated. We constructed a rice-fish co-culture system in yellow catfish(Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) and freshwater shrimp(Macrobrachium nipponense) ponds using a new high-stalk rice variety, and conducted a field experiment to investigate the effect of rice-fish co-culture on water parameters and oxygen consumption. The results showed that rice-fish co-culture reduced the nutrients(total nitrogen, ammonia-N, total phosphorous and potassium) and the dissolved oxygen content in fish and shrimp ponds. However, they showed similar seasonal change of dissolved oxygen in the water of fish and shrimp ponds. Rice-fish co-culture reduced the total amount of oxygen consumption and optimized the oxygen consumption structure in pond. The respiration rates in water and sediment were significantly reduced by 66.1% and 31.7% in the catfish pond, and 64.4% and 38.7% in the shrimp pond, respectively, by additional rice cultivation. Rice-fish co-culture decreased the proportions of respiration in sediment and water, and increased the proportion of fish respiration. These results suggest that rice-fish co-culture is an efficient way to reduce hypoxia in intensive culture pond.
引文
Armstrong W.1971.Radial oxygen losses from intact rice roots as affected by distance from the apex,respiration and water logging.Physiol Plant,25(2):192-197.
Bosma R H,Verdegem M C J.2011.Sustainable aquaculture in ponds:Principles,practices and limits.Livest Sci,139:58-68.
Bostock J,Mc Andrew B,Richards R,Jauncey K,Telfer T,Lorenzen K,Little D,Ross L,Handisyde N,Gatward I,Corner R.2010.Aquaculture:Global status and trends.Philos Trans Royal Soc B,365:2897-2912.
Boyd C E.1998.Pond water aeration systems.Aquacult Eng,18(1):9-40.
Cao L,Wang W M,Yang Y,Yang C T,Yuan Z H,Xiong S B,Diana J.2007.Environmental impact of aquaculture and countermeasures to aquaculture pollution in China.Environ Sci Pollut Res,14(7):452-462.
Colmer T D,Cox M C H,Voesenek L A C J.2006.Root aeration in rice(Oryza sativa):Evaluation of oxygen,carbon dioxide,and ethylene as possible regulators of root acclimatizations.New Phytol,170(4):767-778.
Culberson S D,Piedrahita R H.1996.Aquaculture pond ecosystem model:Temperature and dissolved oxygen prediction:Mechanism and application.Ecol Model,89:231-258.
Feng J F,Li F B,Zhou X Y,Xu C C,Fang F P.2016.Nutrient removal ability and economical benefit of a rice-fish co-culture system in aquaculture pond.Ecol Eng,94:315-319.
Fernandes M N,Rantin F T,Glass M L.2007.Fish Respiration and Environment.CRC Press.
Foster-Martinez M R,Variano E A.2016.Air-water gas exchange by waving vegetation stems.J Geophysiol Res,121(7):1916-1923.
Ghaly A E,Kamal M,Mahmoud N S.2005.Phytoremediation of aquaculture wastewater for water recycling and production of fish feed.Environ Int,31(1):1-13.
Glencross B D.2009.Reduced water oxygen levels affect maximal feed intake,but not protein or energy utilization efficiency of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss).Aquac Nutr,15(1):1-8.
Graber A,Junge R.2009.Aquaponic systems:Nutrient recycling from fish wastewater by vegetable production.Desalination,246:147-156.
Hansen P J.2002.Effect of high pH on the growth and survival of marine phytoplankton:Implications for species succession.Aquat Microb Ecol,28(3):279-288.
Horppila J,Nurminen L.2001.The effect of an emergent macrophyte(Typha angustifolia)on sediment resuspension in a shallow north temperate lake.Freshwater Biol,46(11):1447-1455.
Hu L L,Ren W Z,Tang J J,Li N N,Zhang J,Chen X.2013.The productivity of traditional rice-fish co-culture can be increased without increasing nitrogen loss to the environment.Agric Ecosyst Environ,177:28-34.
Hu L L,Zhang J,Ren W Z,Guo L,Cheng Y X,Li J Y,Li K X,Zhu Z W,Zhang J E,Luo S M,Cheng L,Tang J J,Chen X.2016.Can the co-cultivation of rice and fish help sustain rice production?Sci Rep,6:28728.
Jobling M.1982.A study of some factors affecting rates of oxygen consumption of plaice,Pleuronectes platessa L.J Fish Biol,20(5):501-516.
Li C F,Cao C G,Wang J P,Zhan M,Yuan W L,Ahmad S.2008.Nitrogen losses from integrated rice-duck and rice-fish ecosystems in southern China.Plant Soil,307:207-217.
Li X P,Li J R,Wang Y B,Fu L L,Fu Y Y,Li B Q,Jiao B H.2011.Aquaculture industry in China:Current state,challenges,and outlook.Rev Fish Sci,19(3):187-200.
Liu H Y,Qu K M,Miao S S.2005.Survey of both the variation and the absorption and consumption budget of dissolved oxygen in culture ponds.Mar Fish Res,26(2):79-85.
Madenjian C P.1990.Patterns of oxygen production and consumption in intensively managed marine shrimp ponds.Aquac Res,21(4):407-417.
Martinez-Cordova L R,Villarreal-Colmenares H,Porchas-Cornejo M A,Naranjo-Paramo J,Aragon-Noriega A.1997.Effect of aeration rate on growth,survival and yield of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei in low water exchange ponds.Aquac Eng,16:85-90.
Mohanty R K,Jena S K,Thakur A K,Patil D U.2009.Impact of high-density stocking and selective harvesting on yield and water productivity of deepwater rice-fish systems.Agric Water Manage,96(12):1844-1850.
Morata T,Sospedra J,Falco S,Rodilla M.2012.Exchange of nutrients and oxygen across the sediment-water interface below a Sparus aurata marine fish farm in the north-western Mediterranean Sea.J Soils Sedim,12(10):1623-1632.
National Bureau of Statistics of China.2017.China Statistical Yearbook.Beijing,China:China Statistics Press.(in Chinaese)
Oehme M,Frei M,Razzak M A,Dewan S,Becker K.2007.Studies on nitrogen cycling under different nitrogen inputs in integrated rice-fish culture in Bangladesh.Nutr Cycl Agroec,79(2):181-191.
Qin L,Liu Y,Li F B,Feng J F,Wu D X,Fang F P.2016.Impacts of rice-fish co-culture on the physical and chemical variables of the microprofiles at sediment-water interface in an intensiveculture pond.Chin J Rice Sci,30(6):647-652.(in Chinese with English abstract)
State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA).2002.Monitor and Analysis Methods of Water and Wast Water.Beijing,China.(in Chinese)
Siikavuopio S I,Knudsen R,Amundsen P A,Saether B S,James P.2012.Effects of high temperature on the growth of European whitefish(Coregonus lavaretus L.).Aquac Res,44(1):8-12.
Snow A M,Ghaly A E,Snow A.2008.A comparative assessment of hydroponically grown cereal crops for the purification of aquaculture wastewater and the production of fish feed.Am JAgric Biol Sci,3(1):364-378.
Sun Z P,Qin L,Liu Y B,Li F B,Feng J F,Wu D X,Fang F P.2018.Advances in restoration effects of rice growing on eutrophic water.Chin J Rice Sci,32(5):509-518.(in Chinese with English abstract)
van der Lingen C D.1995.Respiration rate of adult pilchard Sardinops sagax in relation to temperature,voluntary swimming speed and feeding behaviour.Mar Ecol Prog Ser,129:41-54.
van Rooij J M,Videler J J.1996.Estimating oxygen uptake rate from ventilation frequency in the reef fish Sparisoma viride.Mar Ecol Prog Ser,132:31-41.
Vinatea L,Gálvez A O,Browdy C L,Stokes A,Venero J,Haveman J,Lewis B L,Lawson A,Shuler A,Leffler J W.2010.Photosynthesis,water respiration and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in a super-intensive raceway culture with zero water exchange:Interaction of water quality variables.Aquac Eng,42(1):17-24.
Xie J,Hu L L,Tang J J,Wu X,Li N N,Yuan Y G,Yang H S,Zhang J E,Luo S M,Chen X.2011.Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice-fish coculture system.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,108:1381-1387.
Yamamoto K I.1992.Relationship of respiration to body weight in the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under resting and normoxic conditions.Comp Biochem Physiol Part A:Physiol,103(1):81-83.
Bosma R H,Verdegem M C J.2011.Sustainable aquaculture in ponds:Principles,practices and limits.Livest Sci,139:58-68.
Bostock J,Mc Andrew B,Richards R,Jauncey K,Telfer T,Lorenzen K,Little D,Ross L,Handisyde N,Gatward I,Corner R.2010.Aquaculture:Global status and trends.Philos Trans Royal Soc B,365:2897-2912.
Boyd C E.1998.Pond water aeration systems.Aquacult Eng,18(1):9-40.
Cao L,Wang W M,Yang Y,Yang C T,Yuan Z H,Xiong S B,Diana J.2007.Environmental impact of aquaculture and countermeasures to aquaculture pollution in China.Environ Sci Pollut Res,14(7):452-462.
Colmer T D,Cox M C H,Voesenek L A C J.2006.Root aeration in rice(Oryza sativa):Evaluation of oxygen,carbon dioxide,and ethylene as possible regulators of root acclimatizations.New Phytol,170(4):767-778.
Culberson S D,Piedrahita R H.1996.Aquaculture pond ecosystem model:Temperature and dissolved oxygen prediction:Mechanism and application.Ecol Model,89:231-258.
Feng J F,Li F B,Zhou X Y,Xu C C,Fang F P.2016.Nutrient removal ability and economical benefit of a rice-fish co-culture system in aquaculture pond.Ecol Eng,94:315-319.
Fernandes M N,Rantin F T,Glass M L.2007.Fish Respiration and Environment.CRC Press.
Foster-Martinez M R,Variano E A.2016.Air-water gas exchange by waving vegetation stems.J Geophysiol Res,121(7):1916-1923.
Ghaly A E,Kamal M,Mahmoud N S.2005.Phytoremediation of aquaculture wastewater for water recycling and production of fish feed.Environ Int,31(1):1-13.
Glencross B D.2009.Reduced water oxygen levels affect maximal feed intake,but not protein or energy utilization efficiency of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchus mykiss).Aquac Nutr,15(1):1-8.
Graber A,Junge R.2009.Aquaponic systems:Nutrient recycling from fish wastewater by vegetable production.Desalination,246:147-156.
Hansen P J.2002.Effect of high pH on the growth and survival of marine phytoplankton:Implications for species succession.Aquat Microb Ecol,28(3):279-288.
Horppila J,Nurminen L.2001.The effect of an emergent macrophyte(Typha angustifolia)on sediment resuspension in a shallow north temperate lake.Freshwater Biol,46(11):1447-1455.
Hu L L,Ren W Z,Tang J J,Li N N,Zhang J,Chen X.2013.The productivity of traditional rice-fish co-culture can be increased without increasing nitrogen loss to the environment.Agric Ecosyst Environ,177:28-34.
Hu L L,Zhang J,Ren W Z,Guo L,Cheng Y X,Li J Y,Li K X,Zhu Z W,Zhang J E,Luo S M,Cheng L,Tang J J,Chen X.2016.Can the co-cultivation of rice and fish help sustain rice production?Sci Rep,6:28728.
Jobling M.1982.A study of some factors affecting rates of oxygen consumption of plaice,Pleuronectes platessa L.J Fish Biol,20(5):501-516.
Li C F,Cao C G,Wang J P,Zhan M,Yuan W L,Ahmad S.2008.Nitrogen losses from integrated rice-duck and rice-fish ecosystems in southern China.Plant Soil,307:207-217.
Li X P,Li J R,Wang Y B,Fu L L,Fu Y Y,Li B Q,Jiao B H.2011.Aquaculture industry in China:Current state,challenges,and outlook.Rev Fish Sci,19(3):187-200.
Liu H Y,Qu K M,Miao S S.2005.Survey of both the variation and the absorption and consumption budget of dissolved oxygen in culture ponds.Mar Fish Res,26(2):79-85.
Madenjian C P.1990.Patterns of oxygen production and consumption in intensively managed marine shrimp ponds.Aquac Res,21(4):407-417.
Martinez-Cordova L R,Villarreal-Colmenares H,Porchas-Cornejo M A,Naranjo-Paramo J,Aragon-Noriega A.1997.Effect of aeration rate on growth,survival and yield of white shrimp Penaeus vannamei in low water exchange ponds.Aquac Eng,16:85-90.
Mohanty R K,Jena S K,Thakur A K,Patil D U.2009.Impact of high-density stocking and selective harvesting on yield and water productivity of deepwater rice-fish systems.Agric Water Manage,96(12):1844-1850.
Morata T,Sospedra J,Falco S,Rodilla M.2012.Exchange of nutrients and oxygen across the sediment-water interface below a Sparus aurata marine fish farm in the north-western Mediterranean Sea.J Soils Sedim,12(10):1623-1632.
National Bureau of Statistics of China.2017.China Statistical Yearbook.Beijing,China:China Statistics Press.(in Chinaese)
Oehme M,Frei M,Razzak M A,Dewan S,Becker K.2007.Studies on nitrogen cycling under different nitrogen inputs in integrated rice-fish culture in Bangladesh.Nutr Cycl Agroec,79(2):181-191.
Qin L,Liu Y,Li F B,Feng J F,Wu D X,Fang F P.2016.Impacts of rice-fish co-culture on the physical and chemical variables of the microprofiles at sediment-water interface in an intensiveculture pond.Chin J Rice Sci,30(6):647-652.(in Chinese with English abstract)
State Environmental Protection Administration(SEPA).2002.Monitor and Analysis Methods of Water and Wast Water.Beijing,China.(in Chinese)
Siikavuopio S I,Knudsen R,Amundsen P A,Saether B S,James P.2012.Effects of high temperature on the growth of European whitefish(Coregonus lavaretus L.).Aquac Res,44(1):8-12.
Snow A M,Ghaly A E,Snow A.2008.A comparative assessment of hydroponically grown cereal crops for the purification of aquaculture wastewater and the production of fish feed.Am JAgric Biol Sci,3(1):364-378.
Sun Z P,Qin L,Liu Y B,Li F B,Feng J F,Wu D X,Fang F P.2018.Advances in restoration effects of rice growing on eutrophic water.Chin J Rice Sci,32(5):509-518.(in Chinese with English abstract)
van der Lingen C D.1995.Respiration rate of adult pilchard Sardinops sagax in relation to temperature,voluntary swimming speed and feeding behaviour.Mar Ecol Prog Ser,129:41-54.
van Rooij J M,Videler J J.1996.Estimating oxygen uptake rate from ventilation frequency in the reef fish Sparisoma viride.Mar Ecol Prog Ser,132:31-41.
Vinatea L,Gálvez A O,Browdy C L,Stokes A,Venero J,Haveman J,Lewis B L,Lawson A,Shuler A,Leffler J W.2010.Photosynthesis,water respiration and growth performance of Litopenaeus vannamei in a super-intensive raceway culture with zero water exchange:Interaction of water quality variables.Aquac Eng,42(1):17-24.
Xie J,Hu L L,Tang J J,Wu X,Li N N,Yuan Y G,Yang H S,Zhang J E,Luo S M,Chen X.2011.Ecological mechanisms underlying the sustainability of the agricultural heritage rice-fish coculture system.Proc Natl Acad Sci USA,108:1381-1387.
Yamamoto K I.1992.Relationship of respiration to body weight in the tilapia Oreochromis niloticus under resting and normoxic conditions.Comp Biochem Physiol Part A:Physiol,103(1):81-83.
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