石羊河下游青土湖大气降水氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源
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摘要
青土湖属于季风边缘区内陆河尾闾封闭湖泊,以其生态脆弱性和气候敏感性是古气候、古环境等全球变化环境研究的理想区域。降水是干旱区生态系统水循环的重要输入因子,研究降水氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源对全球气候变化背景下青土湖水资源管理具有重要的理论和实践意义。基于氢氧稳定同位素技术,通过分析青土湖5月～10月6个月21个大气降水氢氧同位素组成及与环境因子的关系,结合HYSPLIT模型模拟大气降水气团传输途径和过程,判定该地区水汽来源。结果表明:5月-10月大气降水氢氧稳定同位素关系的线性方程LMWL为δD=6. 67δ~(18)O-1. 01(n=21,R2=0. 95);大气降水的δ~(18)O变化范围为-16. 97‰～3.23‰,平均值为-5. 36‰。δD的变化范围为-118. 36‰～15. 63‰,平均值为-36. 82‰。过量氘(d-excess)介于-23. 64～21. 93‰,均值为6. 03‰,低于全球平均值(10‰)。降水δ~(18)O与降雨量显著相关,但温度效应不显著。受西风水汽、局地人工季节性湖面蒸发和亚洲季风的影响,青土湖大气降水水汽来源的季节性明显,夏季主要来源于西风环流、东南季风及局地蒸发,秋季来源于西伯利亚和蒙古的极地大陆气团。连续多年生态补水形成的人工季节性湖面蒸发成为夏季降水水汽来源之一,对改善湖区生态环境具有重要的意义。
The Qingtu lake is a closed and terminal lake in the inland river of the monsoon border area,where are the ideal areas for studying of the paleoclimate and the paleoenvironment because of its ecological vulnerability and climate sensitivity. Precipitation is an important input factor for the ecosystem in the arid area. So it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and the source of water vapor for the management of water resources in Qingtu Lake under the background of global climate change. The precipitation δD and δ~(18)O data in the period from May to October in 2017 were analyzed to examine the relationship between the characteristics of δD and δ~(18)O their environmental factors. Furthermore,the air mass transmission pathway was determined and regional water vapor sources were identified based on HYSPLIT model. The meteoric water line equation is; the average δD value is-36. 82‰,ranging from-118.36‰ to ～ 15. 63‰,and the average δ~(18)O value is-5. 36‰,ranging from-16. 97‰ to 3. 23‰. The average excess deuterium( d-excess) value is 6. 03‰,ranging from-23. 64‰ to-21. 93‰,which is less than the global average 10‰. A "precipitation effect"exists significantly whereas the "temperature effect"is not obvious. There are obvious seasonal changes of δD and δ~(18)O in atmospheric precipitation in Qingtu lake. Influenced by westerly vapor,local evaporation and Asian monsoon,the water vapor source of the precipitation in the Qingtu lake is obviously seasonal. In summer,it mainly comes from westerly circulation,southeast monsoon and local evaporation,and in autumn it comes from the polar continental air mass of Siberia and Mongolia. The artificial seasonal evaporation of lake water formed by ecological replenishment has become one of the sources of summer precipitation and water vapor,which is of great significance for improving the ecological environment of the lake area.
The Qingtu lake is a closed and terminal lake in the inland river of the monsoon border area,where are the ideal areas for studying of the paleoclimate and the paleoenvironment because of its ecological vulnerability and climate sensitivity. Precipitation is an important input factor for the ecosystem in the arid area. So it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the characteristics of hydrogen and oxygen isotopes and the source of water vapor for the management of water resources in Qingtu Lake under the background of global climate change. The precipitation δD and δ~(18)O data in the period from May to October in 2017 were analyzed to examine the relationship between the characteristics of δD and δ~(18)O their environmental factors. Furthermore,the air mass transmission pathway was determined and regional water vapor sources were identified based on HYSPLIT model. The meteoric water line equation is; the average δD value is-36. 82‰,ranging from-118.36‰ to ～ 15. 63‰,and the average δ~(18)O value is-5. 36‰,ranging from-16. 97‰ to 3. 23‰. The average excess deuterium( d-excess) value is 6. 03‰,ranging from-23. 64‰ to-21. 93‰,which is less than the global average 10‰. A "precipitation effect"exists significantly whereas the "temperature effect"is not obvious. There are obvious seasonal changes of δD and δ~(18)O in atmospheric precipitation in Qingtu lake. Influenced by westerly vapor,local evaporation and Asian monsoon,the water vapor source of the precipitation in the Qingtu lake is obviously seasonal. In summer,it mainly comes from westerly circulation,southeast monsoon and local evaporation,and in autumn it comes from the polar continental air mass of Siberia and Mongolia. The artificial seasonal evaporation of lake water formed by ecological replenishment has become one of the sources of summer precipitation and water vapor,which is of great significance for improving the ecological environment of the lake area.
引文
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[15]刘淑娟,马剑平,刘世增,等.青土湖水面形成过程对荒漠植物多样性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):27-32.
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[17]Ma J,He J,Qi S,et al. Groundwater recharge and evolution in the Dunhuang Basin,northwestern China[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2013,28:19-31.
[18]Ma J,Zhang P,Zhu G,et al. The composition and distribution of chemicals and isotopes in precipitation in the Shiyang River system,northwestern China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2012,436–437:92-101.
[19]卫克勤,林瑞芬.论季风气候对我国雨水同位素组成的影响[J].地球化学,1994,23(1):33-41.
[20]陈中笑,程军,郭品文.中国降水稳定同位素的分布特点及其影响因素[J].大气科学学报,2010,33(6):667-679.
[21]Craig H. Isotopic variations in meteoric waters[J]. Science,1961,133(3465):1702-1703.
[22]Jouzel J,Merlivat L. Deuterium and oxygen 18 in precipitation:Modeling of the isotopiceffects during snow formation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1984,89(D7):11749-11757.
[23]Froehlich K,Gibson J,Aggarwal P. Deuterium excess in precipitation and its climatological significance. In:Study of Environmental Change Using Isotope Techniques[M]. Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,2002:54-65.
[24]马潜,张明军,王圣杰,等.中国西部局地蒸发水汽贡献率探讨[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(11):1452-1459.
[25]徐庆,刘世荣,安树青,等.卧龙地区大气降水氢氧同位素特征的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(6):679-686.
[2]余武生,田立德,马耀明,等.青藏高原降水中稳定氧同位素研究进展[J].地球科学进展,2006,21(12):1314-1323.
[3]黄锦忠,谭红兵,王若安,等.我国西北地区多年降水的氢氧同位素分布特征研究[J].水文,2015,35(1):33-39,50.
[4]李佳芳,石培基,朱国锋,等.河西走廊中部大气降水δ18O变化特征及水汽输送[J].环境科学学报,2015,35(4):947-955.
[5]郭小燕,冯起,李宗省,等.敦煌盆地降水稳定同位素特征及水汽来源[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(3):715-723.
[6]贾振兴,臧红飞,郑秀清,等.太原地区大气降雨的氢氧同位素特征研究[J].水资源与水工程学报,2015,26(2):22-25.
[7]陈婕,高德强,徐庆,等.西鄂尔多斯荒漠夏季大气降水氢氧同位素特征与水汽来源[J].林业科学研究,2016,29(6):911-918.
[8]郝玥,余新晓,邓文平,等.北京西山大气降水中δD和~δ(18)O组成变化及水汽来源[J].自然资源学报,2016,24(7):1211-1221.
[9]高德强,徐庆,张蓓蓓,等.鼎湖山大气降水氢氧同位素特征及水汽来源[J].林业科学研究,2017,30(3):384-391.
[10]王晓艳,卢爱刚,蒋缠文,等.渭南大气降水中氢氧同位素特征与水汽来源关系[J].干旱区资源与环境,2017,31(8):122-128.
[11]赵强,王乃昂,李秀梅,等.青土湖地9500a BP以来的环境变化研究[J].冰川冻土,2005,27(3):352-359.
[12]石万里,刘淑娟,刘世增,等.人工输水对石羊河下游青土湖区域生态环境的影响分析[J].生态学报,2017,37(18):5951-5960.
[13]赵强,王乃昂,程弘毅,等.青土湖沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义[J].干旱区地理,2003,26(1):1-5.
[14]李育.季风边缘区湖泊孢粉记录与气候模拟研究[D].兰州:兰州大学博士论文,2009.
[15]刘淑娟,马剑平,刘世增,等.青土湖水面形成过程对荒漠植物多样性的影响[J].水土保持通报,2016,36(1):27-32.
[16]郭树江,杨自辉,王多泽,等.石羊河流域下游青土湖近地层风尘分布特征[J].干旱区地理,2016,39(6):1255-1262.
[17]Ma J,He J,Qi S,et al. Groundwater recharge and evolution in the Dunhuang Basin,northwestern China[J]. Applied Geochemistry,2013,28:19-31.
[18]Ma J,Zhang P,Zhu G,et al. The composition and distribution of chemicals and isotopes in precipitation in the Shiyang River system,northwestern China[J]. Journal of Hydrology,2012,436–437:92-101.
[19]卫克勤,林瑞芬.论季风气候对我国雨水同位素组成的影响[J].地球化学,1994,23(1):33-41.
[20]陈中笑,程军,郭品文.中国降水稳定同位素的分布特点及其影响因素[J].大气科学学报,2010,33(6):667-679.
[21]Craig H. Isotopic variations in meteoric waters[J]. Science,1961,133(3465):1702-1703.
[22]Jouzel J,Merlivat L. Deuterium and oxygen 18 in precipitation:Modeling of the isotopiceffects during snow formation[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research:Atmospheres,1984,89(D7):11749-11757.
[23]Froehlich K,Gibson J,Aggarwal P. Deuterium excess in precipitation and its climatological significance. In:Study of Environmental Change Using Isotope Techniques[M]. Vienna:International Atomic Energy Agency,2002:54-65.
[24]马潜,张明军,王圣杰,等.中国西部局地蒸发水汽贡献率探讨[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(11):1452-1459.
[25]徐庆,刘世荣,安树青,等.卧龙地区大气降水氢氧同位素特征的研究[J].林业科学研究,2006,19(6):679-686.
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