女性主义视角下的中国近代女子体育教育史——从父权制到自由主义
|
摘要
近代中国女子体育教育史是中国近代思想史、中国近代妇女解放史的缩影。采用文献资料法、历史研究法,得出如下结论:18世纪由西欧启蒙运动兴起的自由女性主义信奉理性、公正、机会均等和选择自由,认为是教育方面的机会不均等造成了两性之间在理性上的差异。自由女性主义体育理论倡导应在体育训练、设施、服务、比赛参与上都做到男女平等。1840年鸦片战争以来,民主自由、天赋人权、男女平等的思想逐渐传入。在经历了洋务运动、戊戌变法、清末新政、辛亥革命、五四运动之后,中国女子体育教育从无到有,蓬勃发展。伴随着自由主义与妇女解放的观念深入人心,体育教育观也从单纯的"强国育种"变成了男女平等,女性解放,成为了一种深入人心的文化形态。
The history of women's physical education in modern China is a microcosm of the modern Chinese history and women's liberation history. Through literature and historical research,we draw the following conclusions.Liberal feminism,which emerged from the Western European Enlightenment in the 18 th century,focuses on women's ability to maintain their equality through their own actions and choices,and believes that unequal opportunities in education resulted in rational differences between men and women. Liberal feminists advocate the equality of men and women in sports training,facilities,service and competition. Since the Opium War in 1840,the ideas of democracy,freedom,human rights and equality between men and women have been gradually introduced to Chinese. After the Westernization Movement,the reform movement of 1898,the revolution of 1911,and the May 4 th Movement,China' women physical education gradually developed. With the concept of liberalism and women's liberation deeply rooted in people's minds,the concept of physical education has changed from a simple"power breeding"to the equality between men and women,and women's liberation has become a popular cultural form.
The history of women's physical education in modern China is a microcosm of the modern Chinese history and women's liberation history. Through literature and historical research,we draw the following conclusions.Liberal feminism,which emerged from the Western European Enlightenment in the 18 th century,focuses on women's ability to maintain their equality through their own actions and choices,and believes that unequal opportunities in education resulted in rational differences between men and women. Liberal feminists advocate the equality of men and women in sports training,facilities,service and competition. Since the Opium War in 1840,the ideas of democracy,freedom,human rights and equality between men and women have been gradually introduced to Chinese. After the Westernization Movement,the reform movement of 1898,the revolution of 1911,and the May 4 th Movement,China' women physical education gradually developed. With the concept of liberalism and women's liberation deeply rooted in people's minds,the concept of physical education has changed from a simple"power breeding"to the equality between men and women,and women's liberation has become a popular cultural form.
引文
[1]王晓艳.近代我国女子体育研究[J].体育文化导刊,2014(3):169.
[2]徐海宁.中国近代教会女子大学办学研究[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2008:20.
[3]熊欢.身体、性别与体育:西方社会学理论视角下的体育[M].北京:当代中国出版社,2007:173.
[4]罗斯玛丽·帕特南·童.女性主义思潮导论[M].艾晓明,等译.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2002:17-19.
[5]何叙.中国近现代体育思想的传承与演变[M].北京:人民出版社,2013:118.
[6]严津.我国近代女子体育开展的奠基者蔡元培[J].兰台世界旬刊,2013(9):132.
[7]张蘅.戊戌维新时期中国女子体育发展管窥[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(教育科学版),2014(8):14.
[8]许妍.清末民初女子体育的兴起与发展[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2015:11.
[9]王晓艳.近代我国女子体育研究[J].体育文化导刊,2014(3):170.
[10]许妍.清末民初女子体育的兴起与发展[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2015:20.
[11]张连红.金陵女子大学校史[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2005:31.
[12]杨志康."五四"新文化运动与近代女子体育[M].体育史论文集,1987(3):167.
[13]坚.金陵"健康小姐"之小史[J].体育研究与通讯,1936(4):76.
[14]梁启超.论女学《饮冰室合集变法通议》[M].北京:中华书局,1989:37-45.
[15]张之江.张之江先生国术言论集[M].南京:中央国术馆,1931:79.
[16]姜志明,刘满,陈莉.民国时期女性体育研究[J].体育文化导刊,2015(12):170-174.
[2]徐海宁.中国近代教会女子大学办学研究[M].南京:南京师范大学出版社,2008:20.
[3]熊欢.身体、性别与体育:西方社会学理论视角下的体育[M].北京:当代中国出版社,2007:173.
[4]罗斯玛丽·帕特南·童.女性主义思潮导论[M].艾晓明,等译.武汉:华中师范大学出版社,2002:17-19.
[5]何叙.中国近现代体育思想的传承与演变[M].北京:人民出版社,2013:118.
[6]严津.我国近代女子体育开展的奠基者蔡元培[J].兰台世界旬刊,2013(9):132.
[7]张蘅.戊戌维新时期中国女子体育发展管窥[J].内蒙古师范大学学报(教育科学版),2014(8):14.
[8]许妍.清末民初女子体育的兴起与发展[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2015:11.
[9]王晓艳.近代我国女子体育研究[J].体育文化导刊,2014(3):170.
[10]许妍.清末民初女子体育的兴起与发展[D].石家庄:河北师范大学,2015:20.
[11]张连红.金陵女子大学校史[M].南京:江苏人民出版社,2005:31.
[12]杨志康."五四"新文化运动与近代女子体育[M].体育史论文集,1987(3):167.
[13]坚.金陵"健康小姐"之小史[J].体育研究与通讯,1936(4):76.
[14]梁启超.论女学《饮冰室合集变法通议》[M].北京:中华书局,1989:37-45.
[15]张之江.张之江先生国术言论集[M].南京:中央国术馆,1931:79.
[16]姜志明,刘满,陈莉.民国时期女性体育研究[J].体育文化导刊,2015(12):170-174.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |