甘蔗渣炭对湿润铁铝土酶活性的影响研究
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摘要
为探究生物炭对湿润铁铝土酶活性的影响,以甘蔗渣分别在300、500和700℃下慢速炭化1 h制得的甘蔗渣炭为研究材料,分别以炭土比0%、0.5%、1%、2%、5%、10%和15%的用量加入土壤中,在土柱中培养360 d后,分析甘蔗渣炭对土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、过氧化氢酶和硝酸还原酶活性的影响。结果表明:700℃甘蔗渣炭抑制土壤脲酶活性;甘蔗渣炭显著促进土壤蔗糖酶活性,且酶活性随制炭温度和炭添加量的升高而增加;制炭温度和甘蔗渣炭添加量中,炭添加量为土壤过氧化氢酶活性的主要影响因素;甘蔗渣炭显著抑制土壤硝酸还原酶活性。
In order to explore the effect of biochars on enzyme activities of Latosol, biochar was produced from sugarcane bagasse pyrolyzed at 300, 500, and 700 ℃ respectively as research material in this study. Then biochars were added to air-dried Latosol columns at rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15%(biochar/soil) separately, and the activities of urease, sucrase, catalase and nitrate reductase were tested after 360-day cultivation. The results showed that sugarcane bagasse biochars carbonized at 700 ℃ inhibited the activities of urease. Sugarcane bagasse biochars significantly promoted the activities of sucrase, and the enzyme activities increased with the increase of carbonization temperature and the amount of biochar addition. The amount of biochar addition was the main factor of the catalase activities. Sugarcane bagasse biochars significantly inhibited the nitrate reductase activities.
In order to explore the effect of biochars on enzyme activities of Latosol, biochar was produced from sugarcane bagasse pyrolyzed at 300, 500, and 700 ℃ respectively as research material in this study. Then biochars were added to air-dried Latosol columns at rates of 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 5, 10, and 15%(biochar/soil) separately, and the activities of urease, sucrase, catalase and nitrate reductase were tested after 360-day cultivation. The results showed that sugarcane bagasse biochars carbonized at 700 ℃ inhibited the activities of urease. Sugarcane bagasse biochars significantly promoted the activities of sucrase, and the enzyme activities increased with the increase of carbonization temperature and the amount of biochar addition. The amount of biochar addition was the main factor of the catalase activities. Sugarcane bagasse biochars significantly inhibited the nitrate reductase activities.
引文
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[3] XU G, LV Y, SUN J, et al. Recent advances in biochar applications in agricultural soils:benefits and environmental implications[J].Clean-Soil Air Water, 2012, 40(10):1093-1098.
[4] BOWLBY L K, SAHA G C, AFZAL M T. Flexural strength behavior in pultruded GFRP composites reinforced with high specificsurface-area biochar particles synthesized via microwave pyrolysis[J].Composites Part A Applied Science&Manufacturing, 2018, 110:190-196.
[5] YUAN J H, XU R K. The amelioration effects of low temperature biochar generated from nine crop residues on an acidic Ultisol[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2015, 27(1):110-115
[6] ZWIETEN L V, KIMBER S, MORRIS S, et al. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J]. Plant and Soil, 2010, 327(1-2):235-246.
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[8]王欣,尹带霞,张凤,等.生物炭对土壤肥力与环境质量的影响机制与风险解析[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(4):248-257.
[9] KLOSS S, ZEHETNER F, DELLANTONIO A, et al. Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars:effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties[J]. Journal of environmental quality,2012, 41(4):990-1000.
[10]常蓬勃,韩树.生物炭对塿土土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].河南农业, 2016, 12:39-40.
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[12]周伟,徐莉,俞元春,等.沼液肥用效果及其潜在风险评述[J].安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(30):10528-10530.
[13]秦燕,何峰,仝宗永,等.刈割对羊草草原土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响[J].草业学报, 2016, 25(4):55-62.
[14]罗飞,谢书妮,张海燕,等.酸雨区不同林龄杉木林土壤酶活性季节动态[J].福建林学院学报, 2014, 34(2):131-137.
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[16]葛晓改,肖文发,曾立雄,等.三峡库区不同林龄马尾松土壤养分与酶活性的关系[J].应用生态学报, 2012, 23(2):445-451.
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[19]陈宁,孙凯宁,王克安,等.不同灌溉方式对茄子栽培土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报, 2016, 47(6):1380-1385.
[20]王暝琰,吴洪生,黄红英,等.秸秆育苗容器在土壤中降解对微生物区系的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2016, 4:139-149.
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[22] SINGH B P, HATTON B J, BALWANT S, et al. Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010, 39(4):1224-1235.
[23] YAO Y, GAO B, ZHANG M, et al. Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 89(11):1467-1471.
[24] ZHENG H, WANG Z, DENG X, et al. Impacts of adding biochar on nitrogen retention and bioavailability in agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma,2013, 206(9):32-39.
[25]林珈羽,童仕唐.生物炭的制备及其性能研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2015, 38(12):54-58.
[26]代舟,孟军,田晓翠,等.生物炭对东北酸性土养分含量、酶活性及大豆产量的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2016, 28(4):1-5.
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[28] HOU S, XIN M, WANG L, et al. The effects of erosion on the microbial populations and enzyme activity in black soil of northeastern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(6):295-301.
[29]肖海兵,李忠武,聂小东,等.南方红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀-沉积作用对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报, 2016, 53(4):881-890.
[30]杨会玲,黄仁华,陈珂,等.丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对铯胁迫宿根高粱生长及根际土壤酶的影响[J].环境化学, 2015, 34(4):712-717.
[31]谷盼妮,王美娥,陈卫平.环草隆对城市绿地重金属污染土壤有机氮矿化、基础呼吸及相关酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2015, 10(6):80-92.
[32]杨冬艳,王学梅,冯海萍,等.生物质碳对设施西芹根际微生物及土壤酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学, 2017, 44(1):82-87.
[33]赵军,耿增超,张雯,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵肥料对土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(9):123-130.
[34]王鹏飞,贾璐婷,杜俊杰,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区欧李栽植对土壤质量改良作用的评价[J].草业学报, 2017, 26(3):65-74.
[35]乔继杰,马振朝,王玮,等.河北低平原夏玉米高产田土壤酶与肥力特征[J].江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(12):484-487.
[36]王娟,李德明,秦舒浩,等.不同揭膜时期对半干旱区马铃薯土壤酶活性的动态影响研究[J].农业现代化研究, 2015, 36(2):297-302.
[37] LIU G, ZHANG X, WANG X, et al. Soil enzymes as indicators of saline soil fertility under various soil amendments[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment, 2017, 237:274-279.
[38] KIMETU J M,LEHMANN J, KRULL E, et al. Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents[J]. Soil Research, 2010, 48(7):577-585.
[39]韦思业.不同生物质原料和制备温度对生物炭物理化学特征的影响[D].北京(广州):中国科学院大学(中国科学院广州地球化学研究所), 2017.
[40]徐楠楠,林大松,徐应明,等.生物炭在土壤改良和重金属污染治理中的应用[J].农业环境与发展, 2013, 30(4):29-34.
[41]张雯,何绪生,耿增超,等.新型生物炭基氮肥对土壤-冬小麦系统氮素累积及相关生物活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014, 33(7):1394-1401.
[42]马月婷,张丽静,杜明新,等.不同种植年限白沙蒿对根际土壤营养元素的影响[J].草业科学, 2014, 31(2):224-231.
[43]惠锦卓,张爱平,刘汝亮,等.添加生物炭对灌淤土土壤养分含量和氮素淋失的影响[J].中国农业气象, 2014, 35(2):156-161.
[44]盖霞普,刘宏斌,翟丽梅,等.生物炭对中性水稻土养分和微生物群落结构影响的时间尺度变化研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016,35(4):719-728.
[2] SOHI S P, KRULL E, LOPEZ-CAPEL E, et al. A review of biochar and its use and function in soil[J]. Advances in Agronomy, 2010, 105(1):47-82.
[3] XU G, LV Y, SUN J, et al. Recent advances in biochar applications in agricultural soils:benefits and environmental implications[J].Clean-Soil Air Water, 2012, 40(10):1093-1098.
[4] BOWLBY L K, SAHA G C, AFZAL M T. Flexural strength behavior in pultruded GFRP composites reinforced with high specificsurface-area biochar particles synthesized via microwave pyrolysis[J].Composites Part A Applied Science&Manufacturing, 2018, 110:190-196.
[5] YUAN J H, XU R K. The amelioration effects of low temperature biochar generated from nine crop residues on an acidic Ultisol[J]. Soil Use and Management, 2015, 27(1):110-115
[6] ZWIETEN L V, KIMBER S, MORRIS S, et al. Effects of biochar from slow pyrolysis of papermill waste on agronomic performance and soil fertility[J]. Plant and Soil, 2010, 327(1-2):235-246.
[7]武玉,徐刚,吕迎春,等.生物炭对土壤理化性质影响的研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 2014, 29(1):68-79.
[8]王欣,尹带霞,张凤,等.生物炭对土壤肥力与环境质量的影响机制与风险解析[J].农业工程学报, 2015, 31(4):248-257.
[9] KLOSS S, ZEHETNER F, DELLANTONIO A, et al. Characterization of slow pyrolysis biochars:effects of feedstocks and pyrolysis temperature on biochar properties[J]. Journal of environmental quality,2012, 41(4):990-1000.
[10]常蓬勃,韩树.生物炭对塿土土壤微生物及酶活性的影响[J].河南农业, 2016, 12:39-40.
[11]翁娜,韩潇.重金属污染对土壤酶活性影响的研究进展[J].农业开发与装备, 2016, 10:34-35, 39.
[12]周伟,徐莉,俞元春,等.沼液肥用效果及其潜在风险评述[J].安徽农业科学, 2014, 42(30):10528-10530.
[13]秦燕,何峰,仝宗永,等.刈割对羊草草原土壤酶活性和养分含量的影响[J].草业学报, 2016, 25(4):55-62.
[14]罗飞,谢书妮,张海燕,等.酸雨区不同林龄杉木林土壤酶活性季节动态[J].福建林学院学报, 2014, 34(2):131-137.
[15] MENDES I C, BANDICK A K, DICK R P, et al. Microbial biomass and activities in soil aggregates affected by winter cover crops[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1999, 63(4):873-881.
[16]葛晓改,肖文发,曾立雄,等.三峡库区不同林龄马尾松土壤养分与酶活性的关系[J].应用生态学报, 2012, 23(2):445-451.
[17]关松荫.土壤酶及其研究法[M].北京:农业出版社, 1986.
[18]邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1995.
[19]陈宁,孙凯宁,王克安,等.不同灌溉方式对茄子栽培土壤微生物数量和土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤通报, 2016, 47(6):1380-1385.
[20]王暝琰,吴洪生,黄红英,等.秸秆育苗容器在土壤中降解对微生物区系的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料, 2016, 4:139-149.
[21] TANG Q Y, ZHANG C X. Data Processing System(DPS)software with experimental design, statistical analysis and data mining developed for use in entomological research[J]. Insect Science, 2013,20(2):254-260.
[22] SINGH B P, HATTON B J, BALWANT S, et al. Influence of biochars on nitrous oxide emission and nitrogen leaching from two contrasting soils[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2010, 39(4):1224-1235.
[23] YAO Y, GAO B, ZHANG M, et al. Effect of biochar amendment on sorption and leaching of nitrate, ammonium, and phosphate in a sandy soil[J]. Chemosphere, 2012, 89(11):1467-1471.
[24] ZHENG H, WANG Z, DENG X, et al. Impacts of adding biochar on nitrogen retention and bioavailability in agricultural soil[J]. Geoderma,2013, 206(9):32-39.
[25]林珈羽,童仕唐.生物炭的制备及其性能研究[J].环境科学与技术, 2015, 38(12):54-58.
[26]代舟,孟军,田晓翠,等.生物炭对东北酸性土养分含量、酶活性及大豆产量的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报, 2016, 28(4):1-5.
[27] OLESZCZUK P, JOSKO I, FUTA B, et al. Effect of pesticides on microorganisms, enzymatic activity and plant in biochar-amended soil[J]. Geoderma, 2014, 214–215(2):10-18.
[28] HOU S, XIN M, WANG L, et al. The effects of erosion on the microbial populations and enzyme activity in black soil of northeastern China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(6):295-301.
[29]肖海兵,李忠武,聂小东,等.南方红壤丘陵区土壤侵蚀-沉积作用对土壤酶活性的影响[J].土壤学报, 2016, 53(4):881-890.
[30]杨会玲,黄仁华,陈珂,等.丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)对铯胁迫宿根高粱生长及根际土壤酶的影响[J].环境化学, 2015, 34(4):712-717.
[31]谷盼妮,王美娥,陈卫平.环草隆对城市绿地重金属污染土壤有机氮矿化、基础呼吸及相关酶活性的影响[J].生态毒理学报,2015, 10(6):80-92.
[32]杨冬艳,王学梅,冯海萍,等.生物质碳对设施西芹根际微生物及土壤酶活性的影响[J].广东农业科学, 2017, 44(1):82-87.
[33]赵军,耿增超,张雯,等.生物炭及炭基硝酸铵肥料对土壤酶活性的影响[J].西北农林科技大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 43(9):123-130.
[34]王鹏飞,贾璐婷,杜俊杰,等.黄土丘陵沟壑区欧李栽植对土壤质量改良作用的评价[J].草业学报, 2017, 26(3):65-74.
[35]乔继杰,马振朝,王玮,等.河北低平原夏玉米高产田土壤酶与肥力特征[J].江苏农业科学, 2016, 44(12):484-487.
[36]王娟,李德明,秦舒浩,等.不同揭膜时期对半干旱区马铃薯土壤酶活性的动态影响研究[J].农业现代化研究, 2015, 36(2):297-302.
[37] LIU G, ZHANG X, WANG X, et al. Soil enzymes as indicators of saline soil fertility under various soil amendments[J]. Agriculture,Ecosystems&Environment, 2017, 237:274-279.
[38] KIMETU J M,LEHMANN J, KRULL E, et al. Stability and stabilisation of biochar and green manure in soil with different organic carbon contents[J]. Soil Research, 2010, 48(7):577-585.
[39]韦思业.不同生物质原料和制备温度对生物炭物理化学特征的影响[D].北京(广州):中国科学院大学(中国科学院广州地球化学研究所), 2017.
[40]徐楠楠,林大松,徐应明,等.生物炭在土壤改良和重金属污染治理中的应用[J].农业环境与发展, 2013, 30(4):29-34.
[41]张雯,何绪生,耿增超,等.新型生物炭基氮肥对土壤-冬小麦系统氮素累积及相关生物活性的影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2014, 33(7):1394-1401.
[42]马月婷,张丽静,杜明新,等.不同种植年限白沙蒿对根际土壤营养元素的影响[J].草业科学, 2014, 31(2):224-231.
[43]惠锦卓,张爱平,刘汝亮,等.添加生物炭对灌淤土土壤养分含量和氮素淋失的影响[J].中国农业气象, 2014, 35(2):156-161.
[44]盖霞普,刘宏斌,翟丽梅,等.生物炭对中性水稻土养分和微生物群落结构影响的时间尺度变化研究[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016,35(4):719-728.