渤海海域东南部新近纪湖盆萎缩期古生物特征及古环境意义
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摘要
渤海海域新近纪普遍发育河流相沉积,近年大量探井揭示渤海海域东南部地区新近系发育湖相、浅水三角洲相以及河流相几种沉积类型。本文对东南部地区新近纪古生物特征展开系统研究,在此基础之上结合丰富的岩心资料总结了渤海海域新近纪湖盆萎缩期河湖过渡带各种典型沉积相类型的古生物分布特征。研究表明:湖相地层古生物门类丰富,发现了藻类,孢粉以及无脊椎动物等类型,化石丰度高,尤其是藻类化石占有重要比重,局部含量达90%以上。三角洲前缘化石门类多,但是丰度较滨浅湖低。三角洲平原相,孢粉较藻类化石含量具有明显优势,尤其是草本植物类型含量高,并且植物碎屑,根系,碳屑常见。河流相化石相对贫乏。在此基础上对渤海海域东南部新近系古环境演化开展研究,结果表明新近纪湖盆萎缩整体呈先扩张再衰退的变化过程,馆陶组中晚期以后湖盆逐渐扩张,到明化镇组下段沉积时期古湖盆最为发育,明化镇组上段时期古湖盆逐渐收缩。
The traditional view holds that the Neocene is fluvial facies sediments in Bohai Sea,North China.It is confirmed by a large number of exploratory wells that the Neocene were formed on lacustrine facies,shallow water delta facies and fluvial facies on the southeast of Bohai Sea.The palaeontological characteristics on the southeast of Bohai Sea are discussed in this paper.On this basis,the relationship between distribution disciplinarian of paleontology and sedimentary facies are summarized combined with rich core datas during the withering period of the lacustrine basin.New research shows that abundant algal fossils,sporopollen fossils and invertebrate fossils are found in the lacustrine facies strata.Algal fossils occupy an important proportion of fossil composition which can reach up to 90%.Various fossils are found in the deltaic front facies while the content is lower compared to the lacustrine facies.Deltaic plain facies are characterized by high percentage of herbaceous sporopollen,plant clasts,plant roots and coal.The content of sporopollen is much higher than algae.The type and content of fossils are very poor in the fluvial facies.The results indicate that the ancient lakes expanded gradually during the middle period of Cenozoic(Guantao Formation).The ancient lakes expanded to the peak at the late stage of Cenozoic(Minghuazhen Formation),and withered in the Pliocene.The lacustrine basin experienced a process of expansion and withering during the Neogene in the southeastern Bohai Sea.
The traditional view holds that the Neocene is fluvial facies sediments in Bohai Sea,North China.It is confirmed by a large number of exploratory wells that the Neocene were formed on lacustrine facies,shallow water delta facies and fluvial facies on the southeast of Bohai Sea.The palaeontological characteristics on the southeast of Bohai Sea are discussed in this paper.On this basis,the relationship between distribution disciplinarian of paleontology and sedimentary facies are summarized combined with rich core datas during the withering period of the lacustrine basin.New research shows that abundant algal fossils,sporopollen fossils and invertebrate fossils are found in the lacustrine facies strata.Algal fossils occupy an important proportion of fossil composition which can reach up to 90%.Various fossils are found in the deltaic front facies while the content is lower compared to the lacustrine facies.Deltaic plain facies are characterized by high percentage of herbaceous sporopollen,plant clasts,plant roots and coal.The content of sporopollen is much higher than algae.The type and content of fossils are very poor in the fluvial facies.The results indicate that the ancient lakes expanded gradually during the middle period of Cenozoic(Guantao Formation).The ancient lakes expanded to the peak at the late stage of Cenozoic(Minghuazhen Formation),and withered in the Pliocene.The lacustrine basin experienced a process of expansion and withering during the Neogene in the southeastern Bohai Sea.
引文
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,1990.抚仙湖.海洋出版社.1-317
王广利,王铁冠,陈致林等,2008.济阳坳陷古近纪沟鞭藻分子化石的分布与控制因素.沉积学报,26(1):100-104
王蛟,2007.山东孤岛油田馆陶组沉积晚期浅水振荡湖泊沉积.沉积学报,25(1):82-89
关学婷,范慧萍,宋之琛,1989.中国东部中、新生代古生物学和地层学,第四册,渤海海域晚新生代孢粉学研究.南京大学出版社.1-26
毕力刚,李建平,齐玉民等,2009.渤海青东凹陷垦利构造新生代微体古生物群特征及古环境分析.古生物学报,48(2):155-162
米立军,毕力刚,龚胜利等,2004.渤海新近纪古湖发育的直接证据.海洋地质与第四纪地质,24(2):37-42
朱伟林,李建平,周心怀等,2008.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探.沉积学报,26(4):575-582
张新涛,周心怀,李建平等,2014.敞流沉积环境中“浅水三角洲前缘砂体体系”研究.沉积学报,32(2):260-269
唐领余,毛礼米,吕新苗等,2013.第四纪沉积物中重要蕨类孢子和微体藻类的古生态环境指示意义.科学通报,58(20):1969-1983
徐长贵,姜培海,武法东等,2002.渤中坳陷上第三系三角洲的发现、沉积特征及其油气勘探意义.沉积学报,20(4):588-594
龚胜利,毕力刚,2001.孢粉沉积作用与PL19-3地区晚第三纪沉积环境的关系.中国海上油气,15(6):388-392
董贵能,姜在兴,张本琪,2007.济阳坳陷埕东地区新近系馆上段下部三角洲沉积特征.油气地质与采收率,14(3):22-25
董贵能,姜在兴,张本琪等,2004.济阳坳陷埕东-飞雁滩油田新近系馆上段层序地层研究.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),19(1):1-5
蔡观强,郭锋,刘显太等,2007.沾化凹陷新近系沉积物的C、O、Sr、Nd同位素组成变化对古环境变迁的记录.地球化学,36(6):569-577
廖远涛,王华,卢宗盛等,2008.大港油田中部滩海新近纪古湖泊发育的证据.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,33(3):357-364
熊小辉,肖加飞,2011.沉积环境的地球化学示踪.地球与环境,39(3):405-414
潘华璋,徐莉,潘泽成等,2014.河南汝阳盆地早白垩世腹足类及古环境意义.古生物学报,53(3):315-326
潘文静,王清斌,刘士磊等,2017.渤海海域石臼坨地区古近系沙河街组湖相生屑白云岩成因.古地理学报,19(5):835-848
BI Ligang,LI Jianping,QI Yumin et al.,2009.Cenozoic micropalaeobiotas from the KenLi Structure,Qindong Depression,Bohai Sea and their bearing on palaeoenvirionments.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,48(2):155-162
BRUSH G S,BRUSH L M,1972.Transport of pollen in a sediment-laden channel:a laboratory study.Amer.J.Sci.,272(4):359-381
CAI Guanqiang,GUO Feng,LIU Xiantai et al.,2007.C,O,Sr and Nd isotopic records for Neogene sedimentary environmental changes of Zhanhua Sag.Geochimica,36(6):569-577
DONG Guineng,JIANG Zaixing,ZHANG Benqi et al.,2004.Study on the sequence stratigraphy of the upper Guantao Formation of Neogene in Chengdong-Feiyantan Oilfield in Jiyang Depression.Journal of Xi’an Petroleum University(natural science edition),19(1):1-5
DONG Guineng,JIANG Zaixing,ZHANG Benqi,2007.Delta sedimentation of upper Guantao Formation of the Neogene in Chengdong area of Jiyang Depression.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,14(3):22-25
GANI M R,2007.Bhattacharya J P.Basic Building Blocks and process variability of a Cretaceous Delta:Internal Facies Architecture Reveals a More Dynamic Interaction of River,Wave,and Tidal Processes than is Indicated by External Shape.Journal of Sedimentary Research,77(4):284-302
GONG Shengli,BI Ligang,2001.Palynological sedimentation and its relationship with Neogene sedimentary environment in PL19-3area.China Offshore Oil and Gas,15(6):388-392
GUAN Xueting,FANG huiping,SONG Zhichen,1989.Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Mesozoic and Cenozoic in eastern China,Volume 4,Palynology of Late Cenozoic in Bohai sea area.Nanjing:Nanjing University Press.1-26
HOY R G,RIDGWAY K D,2003.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta deposystems,Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation,Colorado.Aapg Bulletin,87(7):1169-1191
LIAO Yuantao,WANG Hua,LU Zongsheng et al.,2008.Evidence of Neogene Paleolake in the Central Beach Area of Dagang Oilfield.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),33(3):357-364
MI Lijun,BI Ligang,GONG Shengli et al.,2004.Direct evidence for development of Bohai paleolake during the Neogene.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,24(2):37-42
NANJING Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,1990.Fuxian Lake.Beijing:Maritime Press.1-317
NICHOLS G J,FISHER J A,2007.Processes,facies and architecture of fluvial distributary system deposits.Sedimentary Geology,195(1-2):75-90
PAN Huazhang,XU Li,PAN Zecheng et al.,2014.Early Cretaceous non-marine gastropoda from the dinosaur-bearing strata in Ruyang Basin,Henan Province.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,53(3):315-326
PAN Wenjing,WANG Qingbin,LIU Shilei et al.,2017.Origin of lacustrine bioclastic dolostone in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation:a case study in Shijiutuo area,Bohai Sea.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),19(5):835-848
TANG Lingyu,MAO Limi,LXinmiao et al.,2013.Palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental significance of some important spores and micro-algae in Quaternary deposits.Chinese Science Bulletin,58(20):1969-1983
TIAN Derui,XIA Qinglong,XUE Yong’anet al.,2016.Geochemical Characteristics and Application of Sterane and Terpane Biomarkers in Heavy Oils from Lacustrine Source Rocks of Liaodong Bay,Bohai Bay Basin,China.Calgary:AAPG Convension and Exhibition
TIAN Derui,XU Changgui,WU Kui et al.,2017.Charging of Heavy Oil Fields Surrounding the Southern End of Liaoxi Uplift from Multiple Lacustrine Source Rock Intervals and Generative Kitchens,Bohai Bay Basin,China.Houston:AAPG Convension and Exhibition
WANG Guangli,WANG Tieguan,CHEN Zhilin et al.,2008.Distribution and Controlling Factors of Molecular Fossils Derived from Dinoflagellates in the Paleogene Lacustrine Jiyang Superdepression.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,26(1):100-104
WANG Jiao,2007.Shallow oscillating lacustrine sediment of the Late Guantao Formation in Gudao Oilfield,Shandong Province.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(1):82-89
XIONG Xiaohui,XIAO Jiafei,2001.Geochemical indicators of sedimentary environments-a summary.Earth and Environment,39(3):405-414
XU Changgui,JIANG Peihai,WU Fadong et al.,2002.Discovery and sedimentary characteristics of the Neogene Delta in Bozhong Depression and its significance for oil and gas exploration.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,20(4):588-594
ZHANG Xintao,ZHOU Xinhuai,LI Jianping et al.,2014.Unconfined flow deposits in front sandbodies of shallow water deltaic distributary systems.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,32(2):260-269
ZHU Weilin,LI Jianping,ZHOU Xinhuai et al.,2008.Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,26(4):575-582
王广利,王铁冠,陈致林等,2008.济阳坳陷古近纪沟鞭藻分子化石的分布与控制因素.沉积学报,26(1):100-104
王蛟,2007.山东孤岛油田馆陶组沉积晚期浅水振荡湖泊沉积.沉积学报,25(1):82-89
关学婷,范慧萍,宋之琛,1989.中国东部中、新生代古生物学和地层学,第四册,渤海海域晚新生代孢粉学研究.南京大学出版社.1-26
毕力刚,李建平,齐玉民等,2009.渤海青东凹陷垦利构造新生代微体古生物群特征及古环境分析.古生物学报,48(2):155-162
米立军,毕力刚,龚胜利等,2004.渤海新近纪古湖发育的直接证据.海洋地质与第四纪地质,24(2):37-42
朱伟林,李建平,周心怀等,2008.渤海新近系浅水三角洲沉积体系与大型油气田勘探.沉积学报,26(4):575-582
张新涛,周心怀,李建平等,2014.敞流沉积环境中“浅水三角洲前缘砂体体系”研究.沉积学报,32(2):260-269
唐领余,毛礼米,吕新苗等,2013.第四纪沉积物中重要蕨类孢子和微体藻类的古生态环境指示意义.科学通报,58(20):1969-1983
徐长贵,姜培海,武法东等,2002.渤中坳陷上第三系三角洲的发现、沉积特征及其油气勘探意义.沉积学报,20(4):588-594
龚胜利,毕力刚,2001.孢粉沉积作用与PL19-3地区晚第三纪沉积环境的关系.中国海上油气,15(6):388-392
董贵能,姜在兴,张本琪,2007.济阳坳陷埕东地区新近系馆上段下部三角洲沉积特征.油气地质与采收率,14(3):22-25
董贵能,姜在兴,张本琪等,2004.济阳坳陷埕东-飞雁滩油田新近系馆上段层序地层研究.西安石油大学学报(自然科学版),19(1):1-5
蔡观强,郭锋,刘显太等,2007.沾化凹陷新近系沉积物的C、O、Sr、Nd同位素组成变化对古环境变迁的记录.地球化学,36(6):569-577
廖远涛,王华,卢宗盛等,2008.大港油田中部滩海新近纪古湖泊发育的证据.地球科学-中国地质大学学报,33(3):357-364
熊小辉,肖加飞,2011.沉积环境的地球化学示踪.地球与环境,39(3):405-414
潘华璋,徐莉,潘泽成等,2014.河南汝阳盆地早白垩世腹足类及古环境意义.古生物学报,53(3):315-326
潘文静,王清斌,刘士磊等,2017.渤海海域石臼坨地区古近系沙河街组湖相生屑白云岩成因.古地理学报,19(5):835-848
BI Ligang,LI Jianping,QI Yumin et al.,2009.Cenozoic micropalaeobiotas from the KenLi Structure,Qindong Depression,Bohai Sea and their bearing on palaeoenvirionments.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,48(2):155-162
BRUSH G S,BRUSH L M,1972.Transport of pollen in a sediment-laden channel:a laboratory study.Amer.J.Sci.,272(4):359-381
CAI Guanqiang,GUO Feng,LIU Xiantai et al.,2007.C,O,Sr and Nd isotopic records for Neogene sedimentary environmental changes of Zhanhua Sag.Geochimica,36(6):569-577
DONG Guineng,JIANG Zaixing,ZHANG Benqi et al.,2004.Study on the sequence stratigraphy of the upper Guantao Formation of Neogene in Chengdong-Feiyantan Oilfield in Jiyang Depression.Journal of Xi’an Petroleum University(natural science edition),19(1):1-5
DONG Guineng,JIANG Zaixing,ZHANG Benqi,2007.Delta sedimentation of upper Guantao Formation of the Neogene in Chengdong area of Jiyang Depression.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,14(3):22-25
GANI M R,2007.Bhattacharya J P.Basic Building Blocks and process variability of a Cretaceous Delta:Internal Facies Architecture Reveals a More Dynamic Interaction of River,Wave,and Tidal Processes than is Indicated by External Shape.Journal of Sedimentary Research,77(4):284-302
GONG Shengli,BI Ligang,2001.Palynological sedimentation and its relationship with Neogene sedimentary environment in PL19-3area.China Offshore Oil and Gas,15(6):388-392
GUAN Xueting,FANG huiping,SONG Zhichen,1989.Paleontology and Stratigraphy of Mesozoic and Cenozoic in eastern China,Volume 4,Palynology of Late Cenozoic in Bohai sea area.Nanjing:Nanjing University Press.1-26
HOY R G,RIDGWAY K D,2003.Sedimentology and sequence stratigraphy of fan-delta and river-delta deposystems,Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation,Colorado.Aapg Bulletin,87(7):1169-1191
LIAO Yuantao,WANG Hua,LU Zongsheng et al.,2008.Evidence of Neogene Paleolake in the Central Beach Area of Dagang Oilfield.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),33(3):357-364
MI Lijun,BI Ligang,GONG Shengli et al.,2004.Direct evidence for development of Bohai paleolake during the Neogene.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,24(2):37-42
NANJING Institute of Geography and Limnology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,1990.Fuxian Lake.Beijing:Maritime Press.1-317
NICHOLS G J,FISHER J A,2007.Processes,facies and architecture of fluvial distributary system deposits.Sedimentary Geology,195(1-2):75-90
PAN Huazhang,XU Li,PAN Zecheng et al.,2014.Early Cretaceous non-marine gastropoda from the dinosaur-bearing strata in Ruyang Basin,Henan Province.Acta Palaeontologica Sinica,53(3):315-326
PAN Wenjing,WANG Qingbin,LIU Shilei et al.,2017.Origin of lacustrine bioclastic dolostone in the Paleogene Shahejie Formation:a case study in Shijiutuo area,Bohai Sea.Journal of Palaeogeography(Chinese Edition),19(5):835-848
TANG Lingyu,MAO Limi,LXinmiao et al.,2013.Palaeoecological and palaeoenvironmental significance of some important spores and micro-algae in Quaternary deposits.Chinese Science Bulletin,58(20):1969-1983
TIAN Derui,XIA Qinglong,XUE Yong’anet al.,2016.Geochemical Characteristics and Application of Sterane and Terpane Biomarkers in Heavy Oils from Lacustrine Source Rocks of Liaodong Bay,Bohai Bay Basin,China.Calgary:AAPG Convension and Exhibition
TIAN Derui,XU Changgui,WU Kui et al.,2017.Charging of Heavy Oil Fields Surrounding the Southern End of Liaoxi Uplift from Multiple Lacustrine Source Rock Intervals and Generative Kitchens,Bohai Bay Basin,China.Houston:AAPG Convension and Exhibition
WANG Guangli,WANG Tieguan,CHEN Zhilin et al.,2008.Distribution and Controlling Factors of Molecular Fossils Derived from Dinoflagellates in the Paleogene Lacustrine Jiyang Superdepression.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,26(1):100-104
WANG Jiao,2007.Shallow oscillating lacustrine sediment of the Late Guantao Formation in Gudao Oilfield,Shandong Province.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,25(1):82-89
XIONG Xiaohui,XIAO Jiafei,2001.Geochemical indicators of sedimentary environments-a summary.Earth and Environment,39(3):405-414
XU Changgui,JIANG Peihai,WU Fadong et al.,2002.Discovery and sedimentary characteristics of the Neogene Delta in Bozhong Depression and its significance for oil and gas exploration.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,20(4):588-594
ZHANG Xintao,ZHOU Xinhuai,LI Jianping et al.,2014.Unconfined flow deposits in front sandbodies of shallow water deltaic distributary systems.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,32(2):260-269
ZHU Weilin,LI Jianping,ZHOU Xinhuai et al.,2008.Neogene shallow water deltaic system and large hydrocarbon accumulations in Bohai Bay,China.Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,26(4):575-582
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