钙试剂处理对早期榛子果实发育与成果率的影响
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摘要
为探究钙试剂处理对早期榛子果实发育与成果率的影响,为榛子果实的生长发育及产量的提高提供理论依据,在榛子的盛花期进行CaCl_2及EGTA喷施处理,T1处理:浓度为20 mmol·L~(-1)CaCl_2,T2处理:浓度为20 mmol·L~(-1)EGTA溶液,CK处理:清水作为对照。在花后30和35 d测定果实的直径及钙的含量。在果实成熟期对果簇的果实数量及果实败育率统计。结果表明:T1处理的两品种在花后30 d幼果直径与CK处理相比分别增长了12.63%和14.13%,含钙量(Wt)分别提高了27.2%和44.63%;T2处理的幼果比CK处理分别减少了11.58%和13.04%,含钙量(Wt)分别降低9.74%和13.76%,且均达到显著差异水平。花后35 d T1处理的两品种幼果直径与CK处理比分别增长了10.94%和15.18%,含钙量(Wt)分别提高了25.13%和40.61%;T2处理的两品种幼果直径分别小于CK处理15.63%和13.39%,含钙量(Wt)分别降低26.8%和26.06%,且均达到显著差异。两品种幼果含钙量与成熟后果簇的平均果实数量呈显著正相关关系,与成熟后的平均果实败育率呈显著负相关关系。
We studied the effect on the hazelnut growth and fruit setting ratio by dealing with calcium reagent in an early stage to provide a theoretical evidence for the hazelnut growth.CaCl_2 and EGTA were sprayed to two marked hazelnut samples until the two solutions drip while flowering.T1:CaCl_2 was 20 mmol · L~(-1),T2:EGTA was 20 mmol·L~(-1).CK:clear water was as a contrast.Diameters and calcium content were measured at the 30 th and 35 th days after flowering.All the marked clusters were collected to calculate the number of fruits and abortion rate when they were mature.The diameters of the two young hazelnut samples were,respectively,increased by 12.63% and 14.13% by spraying 20 mmol·L-1 CaCl_2 at the 30 th day after flowering compared with CK,while calcium contents(Wt) were,respectively,increased by 27.2% and 44.63%.The diameters of samples were,respectively,decreased by 11.58% and 13.04% by spraying EGTA,while calcium content(Wt) both reaching significant differences with a decrease of 9.74% and 13.76%,respectively.Compared with CK,the diameters of two samples were,respectively,increased by 10.94% and 15.18% by spraying 20 mmol· L-1 CaCl_2 at the 35 th day after flowering,while calcium(Wt),respectively,were increased by25.13% and 40.61%.The diameters of the two samples were,respectively,decreased by 15.63% and13.39% by spraying 20 mmol · L~(-1) EGTA,while calcium(Wt) both reaching significant differences with a decrease of 26.8% and 20.06%,respectively.Calcium content showed a significant positive correlation with the average number of fruit per mature cluster,while showing a significant negative correlation with the average percentage of abortive fruit per mature cluster.
We studied the effect on the hazelnut growth and fruit setting ratio by dealing with calcium reagent in an early stage to provide a theoretical evidence for the hazelnut growth.CaCl_2 and EGTA were sprayed to two marked hazelnut samples until the two solutions drip while flowering.T1:CaCl_2 was 20 mmol · L~(-1),T2:EGTA was 20 mmol·L~(-1).CK:clear water was as a contrast.Diameters and calcium content were measured at the 30 th and 35 th days after flowering.All the marked clusters were collected to calculate the number of fruits and abortion rate when they were mature.The diameters of the two young hazelnut samples were,respectively,increased by 12.63% and 14.13% by spraying 20 mmol·L-1 CaCl_2 at the 30 th day after flowering compared with CK,while calcium contents(Wt) were,respectively,increased by 27.2% and 44.63%.The diameters of samples were,respectively,decreased by 11.58% and 13.04% by spraying EGTA,while calcium content(Wt) both reaching significant differences with a decrease of 9.74% and 13.76%,respectively.Compared with CK,the diameters of two samples were,respectively,increased by 10.94% and 15.18% by spraying 20 mmol· L-1 CaCl_2 at the 35 th day after flowering,while calcium(Wt),respectively,were increased by25.13% and 40.61%.The diameters of the two samples were,respectively,decreased by 15.63% and13.39% by spraying 20 mmol · L~(-1) EGTA,while calcium(Wt) both reaching significant differences with a decrease of 26.8% and 20.06%,respectively.Calcium content showed a significant positive correlation with the average number of fruit per mature cluster,while showing a significant negative correlation with the average percentage of abortive fruit per mature cluster.
引文
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10.Friedman H,Goldschmidt E E,Halevy A H.Involvement of calcium in the photoperiodic flower induction process of Pharbitis nil[J].Plant Physiology,1989,89(2):530-534.
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16.辛建华.钙素对马铃薯生长发育、光合作用及物质代谢影响的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2008.Xin J H.Effect of calcium on growth,development,photosynthesis and material metabolism of potato[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2008.
17.丁双双,李燕婷,袁亮,等.小分子有机物螯合钙肥对樱桃番茄产量、品质和养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(5):61-66.Ding S S,Li Y T,Yuan L,et al.Effects of small molecular organics chelated calcium fertilizer on cherry tomato yield,quality and nutrients absorption[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2015,(5):61-66.
18.Henriksson E,Henriksson K N.Salt-stress signalling and the role of calcium in the regulation of the Arabidopsis ATHB7 gene[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2005,28(2):202-210.
19.鲁振华,高登涛,牛良,等.钙处理对桃果肉钙离子的分布及果实品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(20):61-65.Lu Z H,Gao D T,Niu L,et al.Calcium treatment on fruit calcium ion distribution and fruit quality establishment in peach[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(20):61-65.
20.Hepler P K.Calcium:a central regulator of plant growth and development[J].The Plant Cell,2005,17(8):2142-2155.
21.Galon Y,Finkler A,Fromm H.Calcium-regulated transcription in plants[J].Molecular Plant,2010,3(4):653-669.
22.李贺,刘世琦,陈祥伟,等.钙对水培青蒜苗生长、光合特性及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1118-1128.Li H,Liu S Q,Chen X W,et al.Effects of calcium on growth,photosynthetic characteristics and quality of aquicultural garlic seedlings[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(5):1118-1128.
23.王芳,杨莎,郭峰,等.钙对花生幼苗生长、活性氧积累和光抑制程度的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1496-1504.Wang F,Yang S,Guo F,et al.Effects of calcium on peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)seedling growth,accumulation of reactive oxygen species and photoinhibition[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(5):1496-1504.
24.张逸,王允,刘灿玉,等.钙水平对大葱生长及氮代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1366-1373.Zhang Y,Wang Y,Liu C Y,et al.Effect of calcium level on growth and nitrogen metabolism of Welsh onion[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(5):1366-1373.
25.于会丽,司鹏,邵微,等.喷施钙肥对桃钙养分吸收和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(22):63-67.Yu H L,Si P,Shao W,et al.Effects of spraying calcium fertilizer on calcium content and quality of peach[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(22):63-67.
26.李贺,刘世琦,刘中良,等.钙对大蒜生理特性及主要矿质元素吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3626-3634.Li H,Liu S Q,Liu Z L,et al.Effects of calcium on physiological characteristics and main mineral elements absorption of garlic[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(17):3626-3634.
27.张会弟.榛子强弱势果实发生的形态解剖基础研究[D].四平:吉林师范大学,2016.Zhang H D.Studies on morphology basis of superior and inferior fruit in hazelnut[D].Siping:Jilin Normal University,2016.
28.吴巨友,靳丛,张绍铃.花粉管钙信号特性及其调控研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(1):212-216.Wu J Y,Jin C,Zhang S L.Calcium signaling characterization and modulation in growth pollen tube[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(1):212-216.
29.丁蕾.钙对花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响[J].生物学教学,2013,38(12):65-67.Ding L.Effect of calcium on germination and tube growth of pollens[J].Biology Teaching,2013,38(12):65-67.
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2.颜堃.东北地区榛子高产栽培的生理基础[D].四平:吉林师范大学,2013.Yan K.The northeastern region hazelnut physiological basis of high yielding cultivation[D].Siping:Jilin Normal University,2013.
3.梁维坚,王贵禧.大果榛子栽培实用技术[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2015.Liang W J,Wang G X.Practical techniques for the cultivation of large fruit hazelnut[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House,2015.
4.Liu J F,Cheng Y Q,Yan K,et al.The relationship between reproductive growth and blank fruit formation in Corylus heterophylla Fisch[J].Scientia Horticulturae,2012,136:128-134.
5.张春吉.榛子胚败育过程中物质运输障碍发生规律及基因差异表达谱研究[D].四平:吉林师范大学,2014.Zhang C J.Studies on material transport barriers and its Differential gene expression profiles in the process of embryo abortion of Hazelnut[D].Siping:Jilin Normal University,2014.
6.刘剑锋,张春吉,程云清,等.ABA及其合成抑制剂钨酸钠处理对平榛胚珠发育的影响[J].园艺学报,2013,40(2):213-220.Liu J F,Zhang C J,Cheng Y Q,et al.Effects of ABA and its synthesis inhibitor sodium tungstate treatments on ovule development of Corylus heterophylla[J].Acta Horticulturae Sinica,2013,40(2):213-220.
7.王秋红,张旸,聂玉哲,等.被子植物助细胞中钙含量的变化[J].植物生理学通讯,2010,46(7):649-652.Wang Q H,Zhang Y,Nie Y Z,et al.Changes of calcium concentration in synergids of angiosperms[J].Plant Physiology Communications,2010,46(7):649-652.
8.韩霜.钙和硼对菊花品种金陵丰收花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响[J].江苏农业科学,2016,44(5):258-261.Han S.The effects of calcium and boron to chrysanthemum of Jinling pollen germination and pollen tube growth[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences,2016,44(5):258-261.
9.关军锋,马智宏,吕静.Ca2+、EGTA、verapamil对苹果花粉萌发与花粉管生长的影响[C].//中国园艺学会.中国园艺学会第四届青年学术讨论会论文集.北京:中国园艺学会,2000:5.Guan J F,Ma Z H,LüJ.Effects of Ca2+,EGTA and verapamil on pollen germination and pollen tube growth apples[C].//Chinese Society for Horticultural Science.The 4th youth academic symposium of Chinese society for horticultural science.Beijing:Chinese Society for Horticultural Science,2000:5.
10.Friedman H,Goldschmidt E E,Halevy A H.Involvement of calcium in the photoperiodic flower induction process of Pharbitis nil[J].Plant Physiology,1989,89(2):530-534.
11.孔海燕,贾桂霞,温跃戈.钙在植物花发育过程中的作用[J].植物学通报,2003,20(2):168-177.Kong H Y,Jia G X,Wen Y G.The role of calcium in flower development[J].Chinese Bulletin of Botany,2003,20(2):168-177.
12.宋锋惠,史彦江,卡得尔.大果杂交榛子引种及优良品种的选育[J].东北林业大学学报,2007,35(5):87-89.Song F H,Shi Y J,Ka D E.Introduction of hybrid hazel producing large nuts and breeding of superior species[J].Journal of Northeast Forestry University,2007,35(5):87-89.
13.刘剑锋,颜堃,程云清,等.榛子花粉生活力和柱头可授性与结实特征研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2012,34(3):58-63.Liu J F,Yan K,Cheng Y Q,et al.Pollen viability,stigma receptivity and fruiting characteristics of hazelnut[J].Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2012,34(3):58-63.
14.Liu J F,Zhang H D,Cheng Y Q,et al.Comparison of ultrastructure,pollen tube growth pattern and starch content in developing and abortive ovaries during the progamic phase in hazel[J].Frontiers in Plant Science,2014,5:528.
15.陈华.钙对花生生长发育及其幼胚基因表达的影响[D].福州:福建农林大学,2009.Chen H.The effects of calcium on peanut growth and early embryo gene expression[D].Fuzhou:Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University,2009.
16.辛建华.钙素对马铃薯生长发育、光合作用及物质代谢影响的研究[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2008.Xin J H.Effect of calcium on growth,development,photosynthesis and material metabolism of potato[D].Shenyang:Shenyang Agricultural University,2008.
17.丁双双,李燕婷,袁亮,等.小分子有机物螯合钙肥对樱桃番茄产量、品质和养分吸收的影响[J].中国土壤与肥料,2015,(5):61-66.Ding S S,Li Y T,Yuan L,et al.Effects of small molecular organics chelated calcium fertilizer on cherry tomato yield,quality and nutrients absorption[J].Soils and Fertilizers Sciences in China,2015,(5):61-66.
18.Henriksson E,Henriksson K N.Salt-stress signalling and the role of calcium in the regulation of the Arabidopsis ATHB7 gene[J].Plant,Cell&Environment,2005,28(2):202-210.
19.鲁振华,高登涛,牛良,等.钙处理对桃果肉钙离子的分布及果实品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(20):61-65.Lu Z H,Gao D T,Niu L,et al.Calcium treatment on fruit calcium ion distribution and fruit quality establishment in peach[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(20):61-65.
20.Hepler P K.Calcium:a central regulator of plant growth and development[J].The Plant Cell,2005,17(8):2142-2155.
21.Galon Y,Finkler A,Fromm H.Calcium-regulated transcription in plants[J].Molecular Plant,2010,3(4):653-669.
22.李贺,刘世琦,陈祥伟,等.钙对水培青蒜苗生长、光合特性及品质的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(5):1118-1128.Li H,Liu S Q,Chen X W,et al.Effects of calcium on growth,photosynthetic characteristics and quality of aquicultural garlic seedlings[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2013,19(5):1118-1128.
23.王芳,杨莎,郭峰,等.钙对花生幼苗生长、活性氧积累和光抑制程度的影响[J].生态学报,2015,35(5):1496-1504.Wang F,Yang S,Guo F,et al.Effects of calcium on peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.)seedling growth,accumulation of reactive oxygen species and photoinhibition[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2015,35(5):1496-1504.
24.张逸,王允,刘灿玉,等.钙水平对大葱生长及氮代谢的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2016,22(5):1366-1373.Zhang Y,Wang Y,Liu C Y,et al.Effect of calcium level on growth and nitrogen metabolism of Welsh onion[J].Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer,2016,22(5):1366-1373.
25.于会丽,司鹏,邵微,等.喷施钙肥对桃钙养分吸收和品质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2017,33(22):63-67.Yu H L,Si P,Shao W,et al.Effects of spraying calcium fertilizer on calcium content and quality of peach[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2017,33(22):63-67.
26.李贺,刘世琦,刘中良,等.钙对大蒜生理特性及主要矿质元素吸收的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(17):3626-3634.Li H,Liu S Q,Liu Z L,et al.Effects of calcium on physiological characteristics and main mineral elements absorption of garlic[J].Scientia Agricultura Sinica,2013,46(17):3626-3634.
27.张会弟.榛子强弱势果实发生的形态解剖基础研究[D].四平:吉林师范大学,2016.Zhang H D.Studies on morphology basis of superior and inferior fruit in hazelnut[D].Siping:Jilin Normal University,2016.
28.吴巨友,靳丛,张绍铃.花粉管钙信号特性及其调控研究进展[J].西北植物学报,2011,31(1):212-216.Wu J Y,Jin C,Zhang S L.Calcium signaling characterization and modulation in growth pollen tube[J].Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica,2011,31(1):212-216.
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