覆膜对青藏高原东北缘紫花苜蓿生长及草地建植的影响
|
摘要
针对青藏高原东北缘优质豆科牧草紫花苜蓿直播越冬率低,难以形成高产的现状,通过覆膜处理,以不覆膜为对照(普通播种),在甘肃甘南夏河县桑科乡海拔3 100 m区域,研究覆膜种植方式下紫花苜蓿种植当年的产量、株高、分枝数和种植次年的越冬情况和草产量特征。结果表明:覆膜处理较普通播种显著增加了苜蓿越冬率,种植当年及次年的草产量(P<0.05),分别为27.27%,31.69%和32.15%。覆膜处理下苜蓿的株高和分枝数虽大于不覆膜处理,但二者间差异不显著(P>0.05)。青藏高原东北缘区利用地膜进行紫花苜蓿覆盖种植,显著增加了其越冬率和草产量,是青藏高原东北缘区紫花苜蓿草地建植成功和优质高产的有效栽培措施。
Several high-quality alfalfa varieties encounter low over-wintering rate and low yield in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore,this study was conducted to examine the yield,plant height,the number of branches in the same year of the planting and the over-winter situation and grass yield characteristics in the second year of planting at 3100 m above sea level in the Sanko Township of Xiahe County,Gannan,Gansu Province under different mulching mode,including film mulching treatment and no film mulching treatment( normal sowing). The results showed that compared with normal sowing,the film mulching treatment significantly increased the over-wintering rate and alfalfa yield in the same year and the following year of planting by 27. 27%,31. 69% and 32. 15%,respectively( P < 0. 05). Although the plant height and the number of branches under film mulching treatment were larger than those under no film mulching treatment,there were no significant differences between the two treatments( P > 0. 05). In conclusion,film mulching cultivation significantly increased the alfalfa 's over-wintering rate and yield in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which was an effective cultivated measurement for maintaining successful planting of alfalfa grassland with high quality and yield.
Several high-quality alfalfa varieties encounter low over-wintering rate and low yield in the northeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Therefore,this study was conducted to examine the yield,plant height,the number of branches in the same year of the planting and the over-winter situation and grass yield characteristics in the second year of planting at 3100 m above sea level in the Sanko Township of Xiahe County,Gannan,Gansu Province under different mulching mode,including film mulching treatment and no film mulching treatment( normal sowing). The results showed that compared with normal sowing,the film mulching treatment significantly increased the over-wintering rate and alfalfa yield in the same year and the following year of planting by 27. 27%,31. 69% and 32. 15%,respectively( P < 0. 05). Although the plant height and the number of branches under film mulching treatment were larger than those under no film mulching treatment,there were no significant differences between the two treatments( P > 0. 05). In conclusion,film mulching cultivation significantly increased the alfalfa 's over-wintering rate and yield in the northeastern margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,which was an effective cultivated measurement for maintaining successful planting of alfalfa grassland with high quality and yield.
引文
[1]韩立辉,尚占环,任国华,等.青藏高原“黑土滩”退化草地植物和土壤对秃斑面积变化的响应[J].草业学报,2011,20(1):1-6.
[2]柴锦隆,徐长林,杨海磊,等.模拟践踏和降水对高寒草甸土壤物理特性和微生物数量的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(2):30-42.
[3]李素娟.三江源区产业结构调整研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007.
[4]鱼小军,柴锦隆,徐长林,等.覆膜种植对甘南高寒区苜蓿生长和杂草数量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(4):791-801.
[5]王勇,刘峰贵,卢超,等.青南高原近30年雪灾的时空分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(2):94-99.
[6]张佳宁,张靖庚.青藏高原高寒草甸资源可持续利用的放牧对策及建议[J].中国草食动物科学,2017,37(6):63-67.
[7]魏志标,柏兆海,马林,等.中国苜蓿、黑麦草和燕麦草产量差及影响因素[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(3):507-522.
[8]杜玉红,周学丽,王建锋.高寒地区4种禾本科牧草的生产特性比较[J].草业科学,2010,27(8):166-168.
[9]陈宗芳.高寒牧区一年生禾本科牧草的引种筛选试验[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2009,28(2):100-100.
[10]姬万忠,赵旭,刘慧霞,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种在青藏高原高寒地区的适应性[J].草业科学,2012,29(7):1137-1141.
[11]崔占鸿,刘书杰,柴沙驼,等.青海高原苜蓿青干草与农作物秸秆组合效应评价[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(2):146-152.
[12]张剑,张雄,高宇,等.旱区沟垄覆膜技术的研究进展[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(4).
[13]莫庆忠,吴迪,吕金丽,等.冬作马铃薯覆膜栽培技术初探[J].耕作与栽培,2017(2):12-14.
[14]王维中.干旱半干旱地区不同品种紫花苜蓿对覆膜条件的响应[C]∥中国畜牧业协会.第六届(2015)中国苜蓿发展大会暨国际苜蓿会议论文汇编.中国畜牧业协会,2015:5.
[15]寇江涛,师尚礼.垄覆膜集雨对苜蓿草地土壤水分动态及利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(1):47-53.
[16]Zhao H,Xiong Y C,Li F M,et al.Plastic film mulch for half growing-season maximized WUE and yield of potato via moisture-temperature improvement in a semi-arid agroecosystem[J].Agricultural Water Management,2012,104(2):68-78.
[17]景媛媛.不同覆膜种植方式对天祝高寒区土壤水热、杂草和甘农1号杂花苜蓿生长的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[18]孙启忠,王育青,侯向阳.紫花苜蓿越冬性研究概述[J].草业科学,2004,21(3):21-25.
[19]王月胜,于林清,张利军.播种当年苜蓿根系研究初报(简报)[J].草地学报,2008,16(3):313-315.
[20]张宝田,穆春生,李志坚,等.紫花苜蓿受冻害后促进根颈枝条再生方法的研究[J].中国草地学报,2003,25(5):48-51.
[21]方强恩.紫花苜蓿根颈芽发育成枝及越冬休眠特性研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[22]刘香萍.苜蓿品种间抗寒性能评价及其相关形态学与生理学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2004.
[2]柴锦隆,徐长林,杨海磊,等.模拟践踏和降水对高寒草甸土壤物理特性和微生物数量的影响[J].草业学报,2017,26(2):30-42.
[3]李素娟.三江源区产业结构调整研究[D].西安:西北大学,2007.
[4]鱼小军,柴锦隆,徐长林,等.覆膜种植对甘南高寒区苜蓿生长和杂草数量的影响[J].中国农业科学,2016,49(4):791-801.
[5]王勇,刘峰贵,卢超,等.青南高原近30年雪灾的时空分布特征[J].干旱区资源与环境,2006,20(2):94-99.
[6]张佳宁,张靖庚.青藏高原高寒草甸资源可持续利用的放牧对策及建议[J].中国草食动物科学,2017,37(6):63-67.
[7]魏志标,柏兆海,马林,等.中国苜蓿、黑麦草和燕麦草产量差及影响因素[J].中国农业科学,2018,51(3):507-522.
[8]杜玉红,周学丽,王建锋.高寒地区4种禾本科牧草的生产特性比较[J].草业科学,2010,27(8):166-168.
[9]陈宗芳.高寒牧区一年生禾本科牧草的引种筛选试验[J].畜牧兽医杂志,2009,28(2):100-100.
[10]姬万忠,赵旭,刘慧霞,等.不同紫花苜蓿品种在青藏高原高寒地区的适应性[J].草业科学,2012,29(7):1137-1141.
[11]崔占鸿,刘书杰,柴沙驼,等.青海高原苜蓿青干草与农作物秸秆组合效应评价[J].西北农业学报,2012,21(2):146-152.
[12]张剑,张雄,高宇,等.旱区沟垄覆膜技术的研究进展[J].北方农业学报,2017,45(4).
[13]莫庆忠,吴迪,吕金丽,等.冬作马铃薯覆膜栽培技术初探[J].耕作与栽培,2017(2):12-14.
[14]王维中.干旱半干旱地区不同品种紫花苜蓿对覆膜条件的响应[C]∥中国畜牧业协会.第六届(2015)中国苜蓿发展大会暨国际苜蓿会议论文汇编.中国畜牧业协会,2015:5.
[15]寇江涛,师尚礼.垄覆膜集雨对苜蓿草地土壤水分动态及利用效率的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2011,19(1):47-53.
[16]Zhao H,Xiong Y C,Li F M,et al.Plastic film mulch for half growing-season maximized WUE and yield of potato via moisture-temperature improvement in a semi-arid agroecosystem[J].Agricultural Water Management,2012,104(2):68-78.
[17]景媛媛.不同覆膜种植方式对天祝高寒区土壤水热、杂草和甘农1号杂花苜蓿生长的影响[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2015.
[18]孙启忠,王育青,侯向阳.紫花苜蓿越冬性研究概述[J].草业科学,2004,21(3):21-25.
[19]王月胜,于林清,张利军.播种当年苜蓿根系研究初报(简报)[J].草地学报,2008,16(3):313-315.
[20]张宝田,穆春生,李志坚,等.紫花苜蓿受冻害后促进根颈枝条再生方法的研究[J].中国草地学报,2003,25(5):48-51.
[21]方强恩.紫花苜蓿根颈芽发育成枝及越冬休眠特性研究[D].兰州:甘肃农业大学,2016.
[22]刘香萍.苜蓿品种间抗寒性能评价及其相关形态学与生理学研究[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2004.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |