储层砂岩宽频段地震岩石物理特征的实验研究
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摘要
在地震储层预测过程中,需要借助岩石物理实验建立储层岩性、物性与地震弹性参数之间的关系,明确反演方法,从而提高储层预测精度.本研究针对高尚堡北区沙三5个亚段、10口井、四种岩性的27块岩心实施了宽频段地震岩石物理特征的实验研究.首先借助铸体薄片和X射线衍射分析得到所研究岩心的孔隙结构和矿物组分;接着对干燥和饱和流体状态下岩心进行高频岩石物理测试得到弹性参数;在此基础上,将测试结果经过计算得到15种地震属性,并基于敏感性分析获得对储层预测有指导意义的较为敏感的岩性、流体敏感因子.同时对孔渗性较好的储层岩石进行了低频岩石物理测量,不同饱和流体储层岩石展示了不同的地震波频散规律.砂岩宽频带的岩石物理实验结果对于研究储层与非储层具有指导和参考意义.
In the process of seismic reservoir prediction, it is necessary to establish the relationship among reservoir lithology,physical properties and seismic elasticity parameters by means of rock physics experiments. The above procedure is capable of optimizing the inversion method. In this work,we studied 27 rock samples from 10 wells of the five sub-sections of the Shahejie Formation. The pore structure and mineral composition were obtained by the analysis of the thin section and X-ray diffraction method,respectively. Elastic parameters of the rocks with different saturation conditions were measured at ultrasonic frequency. As a result,we are able to calculate 15 kinds of seismic attributes,and further to implement sensitivity analysis to obtain lithology indicator and fluid factors on the reservoir rocks. At the same time,we also carried out the low-frequency rock physical measurement for several reservoir rocks with high porosity and permeability. Different velocity dispersion behaviors under seismic frequency band can be observed for the samples under different saturated fluids. Multi-frequency rock physics experimental techniques on the reservoir are of significance for studying reservoirs property and guiding inversion method.
In the process of seismic reservoir prediction, it is necessary to establish the relationship among reservoir lithology,physical properties and seismic elasticity parameters by means of rock physics experiments. The above procedure is capable of optimizing the inversion method. In this work,we studied 27 rock samples from 10 wells of the five sub-sections of the Shahejie Formation. The pore structure and mineral composition were obtained by the analysis of the thin section and X-ray diffraction method,respectively. Elastic parameters of the rocks with different saturation conditions were measured at ultrasonic frequency. As a result,we are able to calculate 15 kinds of seismic attributes,and further to implement sensitivity analysis to obtain lithology indicator and fluid factors on the reservoir rocks. At the same time,we also carried out the low-frequency rock physical measurement for several reservoir rocks with high porosity and permeability. Different velocity dispersion behaviors under seismic frequency band can be observed for the samples under different saturated fluids. Multi-frequency rock physics experimental techniques on the reservoir are of significance for studying reservoirs property and guiding inversion method.
引文
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Zhao J G,Tang G Y,Deng J X,et al.2013.Determination of rock acoustic properties at low frequency:A differential acoustical resonance spectroscopy device and its estimation technique[J].Geophysical Research Letters,40(12):2975-2982.
Zhao J G,Wang S X,Li Z,et al.2014.Studies on dispersion of reservoir rocks using multi-band direct laboratory measurement methodology with micro-CT scanning[J].76th EAGE conference,Amsterdam,Holand.
Zhao J G,Wang S,Tong X L,et al.2015.Differential acoustic resonance spectroscopy:improved theory and application in the low frequency range,Geophysical Journal International,202(3):1775-1791.
刘丽娟,闫桂京,陈建文.2005.流体对地震波速度的影响[J].海洋地质动态,21(9):8-12.
马中高,伍向阳,王中海.2006.有效压力对岩石纵横波速度的影响[J].勘探地球物理進展,29(3):183-186.
马中高,张金强,蔡月晖,等.2012.大牛地气田二叠系下石盒子组致密砂岩储层含气性识别因子研究[J].石油物探,51(4):414-419.
宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.2006.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体识别因子[J].石油物探,45(3):239-241.
未晛,王尚旭,赵建国,等.2015a.含流体砂岩地震波频散实验研究[J].地球物理学报,58(9):3380-3388,doi:10.6038/cjg20150930.
未晛,王尚旭,赵建国,等.2015b.致密砂岩纵、横波速度影响因素的实验研究[J].石油物探,54(1):9-16.
印兴耀,张世鑫,张峰.2013.针对深层流体识别的两项弹性阻抗反演与Russell流体因子直接估算方法研究[J].地球物理学报,56(7):2378-2390,doi:10.6038/cjg20130724.
印兴耀,曹丹平,王保丽,等.2014.基于叠前地震反演的流体识别方法研究进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,49(1):22-34,46.
张平平,周东红,彭刚.2016.基于岩心测试的中深层储层敏感因子反演技术[J].地球物理学进展,31(5):2041-2047,doi:10.6038/pg20160521.
张万龙,孙赞东,贺薪蔚,等.2015.地震岩石物理模板应用中的两个关键问题[J].地球物理学进展,30(5):2324-2329,doi:10.6038/pg20150545.
Dillon L,Schwedersky G,Vásquez G,et al.2003.A multiscale DHIelastic attributes evaluation[J].The Leading Edge,22(10):1024-1029.
Odegaard E,Avseth P A.2004.Well log and seismic data analysis using rock physics templates[J].First Break,22(10):37-43.
Goodway B,Chen T,Downton J.1997.Improved AVO fluid detection and lithology discrimination using Lamépetrophysical parameters;“λρ”,“μρ”,&“λ/μfluid stack”,from P and S inversions[M]//SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 1997.Society of Exploration Geophysicists,183-186.
Liu L J,Yan G J,Chen J W.2005.Fluid influence of seismic wave velocity[J].Marine Geology Letters(In Chinese),21(9):8-12.
Ma Z G,Wu X Y,Wang Z H.2006.Effect of effective pressure on rock P-wave velocity[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics(In Chinese),29(3):183-186.
Ma Z G,Zhang J Q,Cai Y H,et al.2012.Identification factor of gas in tight sandstone reservoir of Permian Shihezi Formation in Daniudi gas field[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(In Chinese),51(4):414-419.
Mikhaltsevitch V,Lebedev M,Gurevich B.2014.Measurements of the elastic and anelastic properties of sandstone flooded with supercritical CO2[J].Geophysical Prospecting,62(6):1266-1277.
Ning Z H,He Z H,Huang D J.2006.High sensitivity fluid identification factor based on seismic data[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(In Chinese),45(3):239-241.
Russell B H,Hedlin K,Hilterman F J,et al.2003.Fluid-property discrimination with AVO:A Biot-Gassmann perspective[J].Geophysics,68(1):29-39.
Wang S X,Zhao J G,Li Z H,et al.2012.Differential Acoustic Response Spectroscopy for the acoustic measurement of small and irregular samples in the low frequency range[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,117(B06203):1-13.
Wei X,Wang S X,Zhao J G,et al.2015.Laboratory study of velocity dispersion of the seismic wave in fluid-saturated sandstones[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),58(9):3380-3388,doi:10.6038/cjg20150930.
Wei X,Wang S X,Zhao J G,et al.2015.Laboratory investigation of influence factors on Vp and Vs in tight sandstones[J].Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(In Chinese),54(1):9-16.
Yin X Y,Cao D P,Wang B L,et al.2014.Advances in fluid identification methods based on prestack seismic inversion[J].Oil Geophysical Prospecting(In Chinese),49(1):22-34,46.
Yin X Y,Zhang S X,Zhang F.2013.Two terms elastic impedance inversion and Russell fluid factor direct estimation method for deep reservoir fluid identification[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics(In Chinese),56(7):2378-2390,doi:10.6038/cjg20130724.
Zhang P P,Zhou D H,Peng G.2016.Invertion of sensitive factor for middle deep reservoir based on core sample[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),31(5):2041-2047,doi:10.6038/pg20160521.
Zhang W L,Sun Z D,He X W,et al.2015.Two key points of rockphysics template and its application[J].Progress in Geophysics(In Chinese),30(5):2324-2329,doi:10.6038/pg20150545.
Zhao J G,Tang G Y,Deng J X,et al.2013.Determination of rock acoustic properties at low frequency:A differential acoustical resonance spectroscopy device and its estimation technique[J].Geophysical Research Letters,40(12):2975-2982.
Zhao J G,Wang S X,Li Z,et al.2014.Studies on dispersion of reservoir rocks using multi-band direct laboratory measurement methodology with micro-CT scanning[J].76th EAGE conference,Amsterdam,Holand.
Zhao J G,Wang S,Tong X L,et al.2015.Differential acoustic resonance spectroscopy:improved theory and application in the low frequency range,Geophysical Journal International,202(3):1775-1791.
刘丽娟,闫桂京,陈建文.2005.流体对地震波速度的影响[J].海洋地质动态,21(9):8-12.
马中高,伍向阳,王中海.2006.有效压力对岩石纵横波速度的影响[J].勘探地球物理進展,29(3):183-186.
马中高,张金强,蔡月晖,等.2012.大牛地气田二叠系下石盒子组致密砂岩储层含气性识别因子研究[J].石油物探,51(4):414-419.
宁忠华,贺振华,黄德济.2006.基于地震资料的高灵敏度流体识别因子[J].石油物探,45(3):239-241.
未晛,王尚旭,赵建国,等.2015a.含流体砂岩地震波频散实验研究[J].地球物理学报,58(9):3380-3388,doi:10.6038/cjg20150930.
未晛,王尚旭,赵建国,等.2015b.致密砂岩纵、横波速度影响因素的实验研究[J].石油物探,54(1):9-16.
印兴耀,张世鑫,张峰.2013.针对深层流体识别的两项弹性阻抗反演与Russell流体因子直接估算方法研究[J].地球物理学报,56(7):2378-2390,doi:10.6038/cjg20130724.
印兴耀,曹丹平,王保丽,等.2014.基于叠前地震反演的流体识别方法研究进展[J].石油地球物理勘探,49(1):22-34,46.
张平平,周东红,彭刚.2016.基于岩心测试的中深层储层敏感因子反演技术[J].地球物理学进展,31(5):2041-2047,doi:10.6038/pg20160521.
张万龙,孙赞东,贺薪蔚,等.2015.地震岩石物理模板应用中的两个关键问题[J].地球物理学进展,30(5):2324-2329,doi:10.6038/pg20150545.
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