致密砂岩储层黏土矿物特征及敏感性分析——以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田寨子河地区长6油层为例
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摘要
致密砂岩储层孔喉结构复杂、比表面积大,岩石颗粒表面附着大量的黏土矿物,容易受到外来流体的影响,发生颗粒膨胀、迁移、离子沉淀等反应伤害储层,从而影响生产效率。本文以鄂尔多斯盆地吴起油田寨子河地区延长组6段油层为例,通过岩石薄片观察、扫描电镜、X射线衍射仪(X-RD)实验、压汞实验和储层敏感性实验等方法,对研究区储层物性、孔喉结构、黏土矿物特征和储层敏感性类型、伤害程度及敏感性影响因素进行分析。岩心分析实验表明,储层黏土矿物由绿泥石、高岭石、伊利石和伊蒙混层4种矿物组成,影响储层渗透性的敏感性伤害强弱依次为酸敏、水敏、碱敏、盐敏和速敏。并结合实际生产中存在的问题,提出绿泥石富集区域尽量避免储层酸化等改造措施;对伊利石及伊蒙混层含量高、易水敏的地区,压裂改造过程需要提高压裂液砂比,减小压裂液量,从而降低储层损害。
Tight sandstone reservoir has complex pore throat structure,large specific surface area,the surface of rock particles attached to a large number of clay minerals and easy to be affected by external fluid and causes damage to reservoir due to particle swelling,migration and ion precipitation,which will affect the production efficiency,thus affecting the yield increase.Taking Ordos Basin,Wuqi oilfield Zhaizihe area Chang 6 formation for example.Analyze the reservoir physical properties,pore-throat structure,clay mineral characteristics and reservoir sensitivity types,damage degree and sensitivity of study area by means of rock slices analysis,scanning electron microscopy,clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis,Mercury intrusion experiment and sensitivity testing.The cores experimental results show that the clay minerals are mainly composed of four kinds of minerals,chlorite,kaolinite,illite and illite and smectite layer.Affect the sensitivity of the reservoir from strong to weak followed by acid sensitivity,water sensitivity,alkali sensitivity,salt sensitivity and speed sensitive.Combining with the problems existing in the actual production,the retrofit measures such as chlorite enrichment zone are put forward as far as possible to avoid reservoir acidification.For the region where easy water sensitive,with high content of illite and illite and smectite layer,it is necessary to improve the sand ratio when fracturing and decrease the fracturing fluid,so as to reduce the reservoir damage.
Tight sandstone reservoir has complex pore throat structure,large specific surface area,the surface of rock particles attached to a large number of clay minerals and easy to be affected by external fluid and causes damage to reservoir due to particle swelling,migration and ion precipitation,which will affect the production efficiency,thus affecting the yield increase.Taking Ordos Basin,Wuqi oilfield Zhaizihe area Chang 6 formation for example.Analyze the reservoir physical properties,pore-throat structure,clay mineral characteristics and reservoir sensitivity types,damage degree and sensitivity of study area by means of rock slices analysis,scanning electron microscopy,clay mineral X-ray diffraction analysis,Mercury intrusion experiment and sensitivity testing.The cores experimental results show that the clay minerals are mainly composed of four kinds of minerals,chlorite,kaolinite,illite and illite and smectite layer.Affect the sensitivity of the reservoir from strong to weak followed by acid sensitivity,water sensitivity,alkali sensitivity,salt sensitivity and speed sensitive.Combining with the problems existing in the actual production,the retrofit measures such as chlorite enrichment zone are put forward as far as possible to avoid reservoir acidification.For the region where easy water sensitive,with high content of illite and illite and smectite layer,it is necessary to improve the sand ratio when fracturing and decrease the fracturing fluid,so as to reduce the reservoir damage.
引文
1陈恭洋,张玲,周超宇.新沟咀组下段粘土矿物分布特征与储层敏感性.西南石油大学学报(自然科学版),2010;32(2):7-12Chen Gongyang,Zhang Ling,Zhou Chaoyu.The distribution characteristic of clay mineral and reservoir sensitivity in the lower section of Xingouju Formation.Journal of Southwest Petroleum University(Science&Technology Edition),2010;32(2):7-12
2单华生,周锋德.伊通盆地鹿乡断陷低渗储层敏感性机理分析及分布预测.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2012;37(4):719-727Shan Huasheng,Zhou Fengde.Analysis of the sensitivity mechanism and distribution in low permeability reservoir in Luxiang depression,Yiyong Basin.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2012;37(4):719-727
3徐樟有,魏萍,熊琦华.枣南油田砂岩储层中的粘土矿物特征与油层敏感性试验研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994;18(3):1-5Xu Zhangyou,Wei Ping,Xiong Qihua.Properity of clay mineral in sand reservoir and experiment on the sensitivity of oil formation in Zaonan oilfield.Journal of the China University of Petroleum,China(Science&Technology Edition),1994;18(3):1-5
4曹忠辉,程少林.大牛地气田上古生界储层粘土矿物及敏感性分析.河南石油,2006;20(1):10-13Cao Zhonghui,Cheng Shaolin.Clay minerals and sensitivity analysis of upper Paleozoic reservoir in Daniudi gas field.Henan Petroleum,2006;20(1):10-13
5杨梦,王涛,高洁,等.塞528区块高压欠注机理研究.科学技术与工程,2017;17(31):222-237Yang Meng,Wang Tao,Gao Jie,et al.The mechanism of high-pressure and under-injection in block Sai528.Science Technology and Engineering,2017;17(31):222-237
6张有瑜,赵杏媛.泥页岩井壁不稳定机理及其防治措施综述.油田化学,1992;9(2):168-174Zhang Youyu,Zhao Xingyuan.A review on mechanisms involved in shale-related borehole instability and measures to be taken.Oilfield Chemistry,1992;9(2):168-174
7贾统权.粘土矿物与油藏演化的对应关系对储层敏感性的影响.油气地质与采收率,2007;14(5):12-15Jia Tongquan.Influence of the correspondent relation between clay mineral and oil reservoir evolution on formation sensitivity-case study of beach-bar sandstone oil reservoir in ES4 of Fan 131 block,Zhenglizhuang oilfield.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2007;14(5):12-15
8 Moore J E.Clay mineralogy problem in oil recovery.Petroleum Engineer,1960;32(2):B40-B47
9 Nugent G E.Sensitive clay sands respond to chemical oil recovery.Petroleum Engineer,1975;47(12):82-90
10沈明道.黏土矿物及微组构与石油勘探.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1993:115-188Shen Mingdao.Clay minerals and micro fabric and oil exploration.Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology Press,1993:115-188
11陈忠,张哨楠,沈明道.粘土矿物在油田保护中的潜在危害.成都理工学院学报,1996;23(2):80-87Chen Zhong,Zhang Shaonan,Shen Mingdao.Potential damages of clay minerals in oil-field protection.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,1996;23(2):80-87
12孙建孟,李召成,关雎.用测井确定储层敏感性.石油学报,1999;20(4):34-38Sun Jianmeng,Li Zhaocheng,Guan Sui.Reservoir sensitivity determination by well logging.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999;20(4):34-38
13康毅力,罗平亚.粘土矿物对砂岩储层损害的影响---回顾与展望.钻井液与完井液,2000;17(5):36-40Kang Yili,Luo Pingya.Influence of clay minerals on formation damage in sandstone reservoir-A review and prospect in it.Drilling Fluid and Completion Fluid,2000;17(5):36-40
14赵杏媛,罗俊成,杨帆.粘土矿物研究成果在塔里木盆地油气勘探中的应用.新疆石油地质,2005;26(5):570-576Zhao Xingyuan,Luo Juncheng,Yang Fan.Application of clay mineral study result to hydrocarbon prospecting in Tairm basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2005;26(5):570-576
15张关龙,陈世悦,鄢继华.郑家-王庄地区沙一段粘土矿物特征及对储层敏感性影响.矿物学报,2006;26(1):99-106Zhang Guanlong,Chen Shiyue,Yan Jihua.Characteristics of clay minerals and their effects on formation sensitivity in Sha-1 member in Zhengjia-Wangzhuang area.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2006;26(1):99-106
16 Li F X,Wang Z K,Zhang J Y,et al.The reservoir's sensitivity evaluation and protection technology of Well Tai 8.Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering:Theory and Practice,2012;205-209
17成赛男,田继军,张鹏辉.伊通盆地莫里青断陷西北缘双阳组二段储层敏感性流动实验评价.油气地质与采收率,2013;20(3):76-78Cheng Sainan,Tian Jijun,Zhang Penghui.Study on flow test evaluation of reservoir sensitivity in second member of Shuangyang formation,northwest edge of Moliqing fault depression,Yitong basin.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013;20(3):76-78
18马世忠,王海鹏,孙雨,等.松辽盆地扶新隆起带北部扶余油层超低渗储层粘土矿物特征及其对敏感性的影响.地质论评,2014;60(5):1085-1092Ma Shizhong,Wang Haipeng,Sun Yu,et al.Clay mineral characteristics and its effect on sensitivity of Fuyu ultra-low permeability reservoirs in Northern of Fuxin uplift.Geological Review,2014;60(5):1085-1092
19魏旭.鄂尔多斯盆地召30井区盒8段储层特征及储层敏感性研究.成都:成都理工大学,2014Wei Xu.Research in reservoir characteristic and reservoir sensitivity of the member 8 in Zhao 30 well block,Ordos Basin.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
20 Basan P B,Erco N L.Formation damage index number:A model for the evaluation of fluid sensitivity in shale sandstones:SPE14317.Richardson:SPE,1985
21李健鹰.低渗气层粘土矿物含量类型产状特征与储层损害.天然气工业,1988;9(5):55-56Li Jianying.Content,type and occurrence feature of the clay minerals in low permeability gas-bearing formations and reservoir damage.Natural Gas Industry,1988;9(5):55-56
22吴亚红,赵仁保,刘清华,等.低渗储层敏感性实验方法及评价研究.钻采工艺,2009;32(5):87-90Wu Yahong,Zhao Renbao,Liu Qinghua,et al.Study on sensitivity of low permeability reservoir and its evaluation.Drilling&Production Technology,2009;32(5):87-90
23油气田开发专业标准化委员会.储层敏感性流动实验评价方法:SY/T 5358-2010.北京:国家能源局,2010Oil and Gas Field Development Professional Standardization Committee.Evaluation method of reservoir sensitive flow experiment:SY/T5358-2010.Beijing:National Energy Administration,2010
24裘怿楠,薛叔浩.油气储层评价技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1997:284-342Qiu Yinan,Xue Shuhao.Evaluation technology of petroleum reservoir.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:284-342
25李明瑞,张清,王明瑜,等.苏里格气田上古生界主要含气层系黏土矿物特征及敏感性分析.石油地质,2012;2(7):32-37Li Mingrui,Zhang Qing,Wang Mingyu,et al.Characteristics of clay minerals and reservoir sensitivity in upper Paleozoic of Sulige gas field.Petroleum Geology,2012;2(7):32-37
26潘雪峰,曾伟.鄂尔多斯盆地子洲-清涧地区上二叠统储层损害因素分析.天然气勘探与开发,2006;29(1):45-50Pan Xuefeng,Zeng Wei.Formation damage analysis of upper Permian in Zizhou-Qingjian area,Ordos basin.Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2006;29(1):45-50
27李芳芳,高旺来,杨胜来,等.安塞油田高52区低渗油藏储层敏感性研究.特种油气藏,2012;19(4):126-129Li Fangfang,Gao Wanglai,Yang Shenglai,et al.Study on reservoir sensitivity for low permeability reservoirs in the Gao 52 block of Ansai oilfield.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012;19(4):126-129
28赵杏媛,杨威,罗俊成,等.塔里木盆地粘土矿物.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2001:20Zhao Xingyuan,Yang Wei,Luo Juncheng,et al.Clay minerals in Tarim Basin.Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press,2001:20
29景海权,张烈辉,赵连水,等.大港油田张东地区低渗储层黏土矿物分析及敏感性研究.特种油气藏,2012;19(2):110-112Jing Haiquan,Zhang Liehui,Zhao Lianshui,et al.Clay mineral analysis and sensitivity study for the low permeability reservoir in Zhangdong area,Dagang oilfield.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012;19(2):110-112
2单华生,周锋德.伊通盆地鹿乡断陷低渗储层敏感性机理分析及分布预测.地球科学(中国地质大学学报),2012;37(4):719-727Shan Huasheng,Zhou Fengde.Analysis of the sensitivity mechanism and distribution in low permeability reservoir in Luxiang depression,Yiyong Basin.Earth Science(Journal of China University of Geosciences),2012;37(4):719-727
3徐樟有,魏萍,熊琦华.枣南油田砂岩储层中的粘土矿物特征与油层敏感性试验研究.石油大学学报(自然科学版),1994;18(3):1-5Xu Zhangyou,Wei Ping,Xiong Qihua.Properity of clay mineral in sand reservoir and experiment on the sensitivity of oil formation in Zaonan oilfield.Journal of the China University of Petroleum,China(Science&Technology Edition),1994;18(3):1-5
4曹忠辉,程少林.大牛地气田上古生界储层粘土矿物及敏感性分析.河南石油,2006;20(1):10-13Cao Zhonghui,Cheng Shaolin.Clay minerals and sensitivity analysis of upper Paleozoic reservoir in Daniudi gas field.Henan Petroleum,2006;20(1):10-13
5杨梦,王涛,高洁,等.塞528区块高压欠注机理研究.科学技术与工程,2017;17(31):222-237Yang Meng,Wang Tao,Gao Jie,et al.The mechanism of high-pressure and under-injection in block Sai528.Science Technology and Engineering,2017;17(31):222-237
6张有瑜,赵杏媛.泥页岩井壁不稳定机理及其防治措施综述.油田化学,1992;9(2):168-174Zhang Youyu,Zhao Xingyuan.A review on mechanisms involved in shale-related borehole instability and measures to be taken.Oilfield Chemistry,1992;9(2):168-174
7贾统权.粘土矿物与油藏演化的对应关系对储层敏感性的影响.油气地质与采收率,2007;14(5):12-15Jia Tongquan.Influence of the correspondent relation between clay mineral and oil reservoir evolution on formation sensitivity-case study of beach-bar sandstone oil reservoir in ES4 of Fan 131 block,Zhenglizhuang oilfield.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2007;14(5):12-15
8 Moore J E.Clay mineralogy problem in oil recovery.Petroleum Engineer,1960;32(2):B40-B47
9 Nugent G E.Sensitive clay sands respond to chemical oil recovery.Petroleum Engineer,1975;47(12):82-90
10沈明道.黏土矿物及微组构与石油勘探.成都:电子科技大学出版社,1993:115-188Shen Mingdao.Clay minerals and micro fabric and oil exploration.Chengdu:University of Electronic Science and Technology Press,1993:115-188
11陈忠,张哨楠,沈明道.粘土矿物在油田保护中的潜在危害.成都理工学院学报,1996;23(2):80-87Chen Zhong,Zhang Shaonan,Shen Mingdao.Potential damages of clay minerals in oil-field protection.Journal of Chengdu University of Technology,1996;23(2):80-87
12孙建孟,李召成,关雎.用测井确定储层敏感性.石油学报,1999;20(4):34-38Sun Jianmeng,Li Zhaocheng,Guan Sui.Reservoir sensitivity determination by well logging.Acta Petrolei Sinica,1999;20(4):34-38
13康毅力,罗平亚.粘土矿物对砂岩储层损害的影响---回顾与展望.钻井液与完井液,2000;17(5):36-40Kang Yili,Luo Pingya.Influence of clay minerals on formation damage in sandstone reservoir-A review and prospect in it.Drilling Fluid and Completion Fluid,2000;17(5):36-40
14赵杏媛,罗俊成,杨帆.粘土矿物研究成果在塔里木盆地油气勘探中的应用.新疆石油地质,2005;26(5):570-576Zhao Xingyuan,Luo Juncheng,Yang Fan.Application of clay mineral study result to hydrocarbon prospecting in Tairm basin.Xinjiang Petroleum Geology,2005;26(5):570-576
15张关龙,陈世悦,鄢继华.郑家-王庄地区沙一段粘土矿物特征及对储层敏感性影响.矿物学报,2006;26(1):99-106Zhang Guanlong,Chen Shiyue,Yan Jihua.Characteristics of clay minerals and their effects on formation sensitivity in Sha-1 member in Zhengjia-Wangzhuang area.Acta Mineralogica Sinica,2006;26(1):99-106
16 Li F X,Wang Z K,Zhang J Y,et al.The reservoir's sensitivity evaluation and protection technology of Well Tai 8.Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering:Theory and Practice,2012;205-209
17成赛男,田继军,张鹏辉.伊通盆地莫里青断陷西北缘双阳组二段储层敏感性流动实验评价.油气地质与采收率,2013;20(3):76-78Cheng Sainan,Tian Jijun,Zhang Penghui.Study on flow test evaluation of reservoir sensitivity in second member of Shuangyang formation,northwest edge of Moliqing fault depression,Yitong basin.Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency,2013;20(3):76-78
18马世忠,王海鹏,孙雨,等.松辽盆地扶新隆起带北部扶余油层超低渗储层粘土矿物特征及其对敏感性的影响.地质论评,2014;60(5):1085-1092Ma Shizhong,Wang Haipeng,Sun Yu,et al.Clay mineral characteristics and its effect on sensitivity of Fuyu ultra-low permeability reservoirs in Northern of Fuxin uplift.Geological Review,2014;60(5):1085-1092
19魏旭.鄂尔多斯盆地召30井区盒8段储层特征及储层敏感性研究.成都:成都理工大学,2014Wei Xu.Research in reservoir characteristic and reservoir sensitivity of the member 8 in Zhao 30 well block,Ordos Basin.Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2014
20 Basan P B,Erco N L.Formation damage index number:A model for the evaluation of fluid sensitivity in shale sandstones:SPE14317.Richardson:SPE,1985
21李健鹰.低渗气层粘土矿物含量类型产状特征与储层损害.天然气工业,1988;9(5):55-56Li Jianying.Content,type and occurrence feature of the clay minerals in low permeability gas-bearing formations and reservoir damage.Natural Gas Industry,1988;9(5):55-56
22吴亚红,赵仁保,刘清华,等.低渗储层敏感性实验方法及评价研究.钻采工艺,2009;32(5):87-90Wu Yahong,Zhao Renbao,Liu Qinghua,et al.Study on sensitivity of low permeability reservoir and its evaluation.Drilling&Production Technology,2009;32(5):87-90
23油气田开发专业标准化委员会.储层敏感性流动实验评价方法:SY/T 5358-2010.北京:国家能源局,2010Oil and Gas Field Development Professional Standardization Committee.Evaluation method of reservoir sensitive flow experiment:SY/T5358-2010.Beijing:National Energy Administration,2010
24裘怿楠,薛叔浩.油气储层评价技术.北京:石油工业出版社,1997:284-342Qiu Yinan,Xue Shuhao.Evaluation technology of petroleum reservoir.Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1997:284-342
25李明瑞,张清,王明瑜,等.苏里格气田上古生界主要含气层系黏土矿物特征及敏感性分析.石油地质,2012;2(7):32-37Li Mingrui,Zhang Qing,Wang Mingyu,et al.Characteristics of clay minerals and reservoir sensitivity in upper Paleozoic of Sulige gas field.Petroleum Geology,2012;2(7):32-37
26潘雪峰,曾伟.鄂尔多斯盆地子洲-清涧地区上二叠统储层损害因素分析.天然气勘探与开发,2006;29(1):45-50Pan Xuefeng,Zeng Wei.Formation damage analysis of upper Permian in Zizhou-Qingjian area,Ordos basin.Natural Gas Exploration&Development,2006;29(1):45-50
27李芳芳,高旺来,杨胜来,等.安塞油田高52区低渗油藏储层敏感性研究.特种油气藏,2012;19(4):126-129Li Fangfang,Gao Wanglai,Yang Shenglai,et al.Study on reservoir sensitivity for low permeability reservoirs in the Gao 52 block of Ansai oilfield.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012;19(4):126-129
28赵杏媛,杨威,罗俊成,等.塔里木盆地粘土矿物.北京:中国地质大学出版社,2001:20Zhao Xingyuan,Yang Wei,Luo Juncheng,et al.Clay minerals in Tarim Basin.Beijing:China University of Geosciences Press,2001:20
29景海权,张烈辉,赵连水,等.大港油田张东地区低渗储层黏土矿物分析及敏感性研究.特种油气藏,2012;19(2):110-112Jing Haiquan,Zhang Liehui,Zhao Lianshui,et al.Clay mineral analysis and sensitivity study for the low permeability reservoir in Zhangdong area,Dagang oilfield.Special Oil&Gas Reservoirs,2012;19(2):110-112
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