三维共偏移距叠前地震数据反假频射线束形成偏移成像
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摘要
对稀疏/非规则采样或者低信噪比数据,射线束提取困难并伴随有假频产生,对叠加剖面和道集造成严重干扰.为了提升射线束偏移在稀疏和低信噪比地震数据采集中的成像效果,本文提出基于三角滤波的局部倾斜叠加波束形成偏移假频压制方法.射线束偏移首先将地震数据划分为超道集,经过部分NMO后转化为以射线束中心定义的共偏移距数据,倾斜叠加和反假频操作均在局部共中心点坐标上实现.时间域倾斜叠加是对地震数据的时移累加操作,三角低通滤波同样可以在时间域完成,在对地震数据进行因果和反因果积分后,亦为地震数据的时移累加.因此,三角低通滤波与倾斜叠加可在时间域结合同时完成,避免了频域滤波的正反傅里叶变换.本文在反假频公式中加入权重系数,用以对反假频的程度进行控制,达到分辨率和噪声压制的最佳折衷.以某海上三维实际数据为例,文中展示了反假频射线束形成对偏移叠加剖面和共成像点偏移距道集中的噪声进行了有效压制.
We propose triangle filter anti-aliasing beam forming to attenuate the migrationoperator aliasing for the three dimensional beam migration on the real sparse acquisition marine seismic data.Slant stack is an effective way for beam forming,which picks up the local linear seismic events in the seismic profile.The ray parameters in the slant stack is an approximate of the migration operator dip and anti-aliasing is a low-pass frequency filtering operation according to the sampling theory.The frequency band of the filter is determined by the ray parameters of the migration operator dip.Time domain slant stack is the summation of the time shifted seismic traces.The triangle filtering can also be conducted in the time domain.It is also summation of the time shifted data after casual and anti-causal integral.Therefore,triangle filtering and slant stack can be incorporated in the time domain which avoids the transform of data from time to frequency domain.We propose to add weighting factors in the anti-aliasing formula to control the trade off between noise suppression and the resolution decreasing of the steep structures in the image.The three dimension stack image and the common image point offset gathers from the real seismic data show that the proposed method suppresses the operator aliasing effectively.
We propose triangle filter anti-aliasing beam forming to attenuate the migrationoperator aliasing for the three dimensional beam migration on the real sparse acquisition marine seismic data.Slant stack is an effective way for beam forming,which picks up the local linear seismic events in the seismic profile.The ray parameters in the slant stack is an approximate of the migration operator dip and anti-aliasing is a low-pass frequency filtering operation according to the sampling theory.The frequency band of the filter is determined by the ray parameters of the migration operator dip.Time domain slant stack is the summation of the time shifted seismic traces.The triangle filtering can also be conducted in the time domain.It is also summation of the time shifted data after casual and anti-causal integral.Therefore,triangle filtering and slant stack can be incorporated in the time domain which avoids the transform of data from time to frequency domain.We propose to add weighting factors in the anti-aliasing formula to control the trade off between noise suppression and the resolution decreasing of the steep structures in the image.The three dimension stack image and the common image point offset gathers from the real seismic data show that the proposed method suppresses the operator aliasing effectively.
引文
Abma R,Sun J,Bernitsas N.1999.Antialiasing methods in Kirchhoff migration.Geophysics,64(6):1783-1792.
Biondi B.2001.Kirchhoff imaging beyond aliasing.Geophysics,66(2):654-666.
Casasanta L,Gray S H.2015.Converted-wave beam migration with sparse sources or receivers.Geophysical Prospecting,63(3):534-551.
Claerbout J F.1992.Earth Soundings Analysis-Processing Versus Inversion.Boston:Blackwell Scientific Publications,Inc.
Claerbout J F.1997.Anti aliasing.Stanford Exploration Project,Report 73.395-415.
Claerbout J F.2010.Basic Earth Imaging.http:∥sepwww.stanford.edu/sep/prof/.
Gray S H.1992.Frequency-selective design of the Kirchhoff migration operator.Geophysical Prospecting,40(5):356-571.
Gray S H,Xie Y,Notfors C,et al.2009.Taking apart beam migration.The Leading Edge,28(9):1098-1108.
Gray S H.2013.Spatial sampling,migration aliasing,and migrated amplitudes.Geophysics,78(3):S157-S164.
Liu C,Li P,Liu Y,et al.2013.Iterative data interpolation beyond aliasing using seislet transform.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1619-1627,doi:10.6038/cjg20130519.
Liu L N,Chen S M,Zhang J F.2006.Steep dipping structure depth imaging using wave equation based migration schemes on 3-Dsparse dataset.ChineseJournalofGeophysics(in Chinese),49(5):1452-1459.
Liu X W,Liu H,Liu B.2004.A study on algorithm for reconstruction of de-alias uneven seismic data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),47(2):299-305.
Lumley D E,Claerbout J E,Bevc D.1994.Anti-aliased Kirchhoff migration.∥64th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,1282-1285.
Nimsaila K,Shao G F,Huang R X,et al.2015.Premigration data anti-aliasing for reverse time migration.∥85th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,4641-4645.
Pica A.1996.Model-based anti-aliased Kirchhoff 3DPSDM.∥58th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Robinson E A,Treitel S.2008.Digital Imaging and Deconvolution:The ABCs of Seismic Exploration and Processing.Tulsa,Oklahoma,U.S.A:Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
Schneider W A.1978.Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions.Geophysics,43(1):49-76.
Sun Y H,Qin F H,Checkles S,et al.2000.3-D prestack Kirchhoff beam migration for depth imaging.Geophysics,65(5):1592-1603.
Wang H Z,Cai J X,Kong X N,et al.2010.An implementation of Kirchhoff integral prestack migration for large-scale data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(7):1699-1709,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.07.021.
Wang H Z,Feng B,Liu S Y,et al.2015.Characteristic wavefield decomposition,imaging and inversion with prestack seismic data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(6):2024-2034,doi:10.6038/cjg20150617.
Wang H Z,Feng B,Wang X W,et al.2017.The theoretical framework of characteristic wave inversion imaging.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),56(1):38-49.
Wang W.2012.Research on seismic data noise attenuation and geometric attributes extraction methods[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University.
Wu B Y,Zhu Z L,Yang H,et al.2014.High resolution beam forming for 3Dcommon offset Kirchhoff beam migration.∥84th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,3837-3841.
Wu B Y,Yang H,Zhu Z L,et al.2015.Local slant stack Kirchhoff common offset beam migration:Application to the SEAMmodel.∥85th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,4283-4287.
Yilmaz.2001.Seismic data analysis:processing,inversion,and interpretation of seismic data.SEG,Volume(I).
Zhang Y,Gray S,Sun J,et al.2001.Theory of migration antialiasing.∥71th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,997-1000.
Zhou Y,Etgen J,Whitcombe D,et al.2013.Dip-adaptive operator anti-aliasing for Kirchhoff migration.∥83th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,3629-3696.
刘财,李鹏,刘洋等.2013.基于seislet变换的反假频迭代数据插值方法.地球物理学报,65(5):1619-1627,doi:10.6038/cjg20130519.
刘礼农,陈树民,张剑锋.2006.稀疏采样下陡角度构造的波动方程深度偏移成像.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1452-1459.
刘喜武,刘洪,刘彬.2004.反假频非均匀地震数据重建方法研究.地球物理学报,47(2):299-305.
王华忠,蔡杰雄,孔祥宁等.2010.适于大规模数据的三维Kirchhoff积分法体偏移实现方案.地球物理学报,53(7):1699-1709,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.07.021.
王华忠,冯波,刘少勇等.2015.叠前地震数据特征波场分解、偏移成像与层析反演.地球物理学报,58(6):2024-2034,doi:10.6038/cjg20150617.
王华忠,冯波,王雄文等.2017.特征波反演成像理论框架.石油物探,56(1):38-49.
王伟.2012.地震资料噪声衰减与几何属性分析方法研究[博士论文].西安:西安交通大学.
Biondi B.2001.Kirchhoff imaging beyond aliasing.Geophysics,66(2):654-666.
Casasanta L,Gray S H.2015.Converted-wave beam migration with sparse sources or receivers.Geophysical Prospecting,63(3):534-551.
Claerbout J F.1992.Earth Soundings Analysis-Processing Versus Inversion.Boston:Blackwell Scientific Publications,Inc.
Claerbout J F.1997.Anti aliasing.Stanford Exploration Project,Report 73.395-415.
Claerbout J F.2010.Basic Earth Imaging.http:∥sepwww.stanford.edu/sep/prof/.
Gray S H.1992.Frequency-selective design of the Kirchhoff migration operator.Geophysical Prospecting,40(5):356-571.
Gray S H,Xie Y,Notfors C,et al.2009.Taking apart beam migration.The Leading Edge,28(9):1098-1108.
Gray S H.2013.Spatial sampling,migration aliasing,and migrated amplitudes.Geophysics,78(3):S157-S164.
Liu C,Li P,Liu Y,et al.2013.Iterative data interpolation beyond aliasing using seislet transform.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),56(5):1619-1627,doi:10.6038/cjg20130519.
Liu L N,Chen S M,Zhang J F.2006.Steep dipping structure depth imaging using wave equation based migration schemes on 3-Dsparse dataset.ChineseJournalofGeophysics(in Chinese),49(5):1452-1459.
Liu X W,Liu H,Liu B.2004.A study on algorithm for reconstruction of de-alias uneven seismic data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),47(2):299-305.
Lumley D E,Claerbout J E,Bevc D.1994.Anti-aliased Kirchhoff migration.∥64th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,1282-1285.
Nimsaila K,Shao G F,Huang R X,et al.2015.Premigration data anti-aliasing for reverse time migration.∥85th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,4641-4645.
Pica A.1996.Model-based anti-aliased Kirchhoff 3DPSDM.∥58th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts.
Robinson E A,Treitel S.2008.Digital Imaging and Deconvolution:The ABCs of Seismic Exploration and Processing.Tulsa,Oklahoma,U.S.A:Society of Exploration Geophysicists.
Schneider W A.1978.Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions.Geophysics,43(1):49-76.
Sun Y H,Qin F H,Checkles S,et al.2000.3-D prestack Kirchhoff beam migration for depth imaging.Geophysics,65(5):1592-1603.
Wang H Z,Cai J X,Kong X N,et al.2010.An implementation of Kirchhoff integral prestack migration for large-scale data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),53(7):1699-1709,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.07.021.
Wang H Z,Feng B,Liu S Y,et al.2015.Characteristic wavefield decomposition,imaging and inversion with prestack seismic data.Chinese Journal of Geophysics(in Chinese),58(6):2024-2034,doi:10.6038/cjg20150617.
Wang H Z,Feng B,Wang X W,et al.2017.The theoretical framework of characteristic wave inversion imaging.Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum(in Chinese),56(1):38-49.
Wang W.2012.Research on seismic data noise attenuation and geometric attributes extraction methods[Ph.D.thesis](in Chinese).Xi′an:Xi′an Jiaotong University.
Wu B Y,Zhu Z L,Yang H,et al.2014.High resolution beam forming for 3Dcommon offset Kirchhoff beam migration.∥84th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,3837-3841.
Wu B Y,Yang H,Zhu Z L,et al.2015.Local slant stack Kirchhoff common offset beam migration:Application to the SEAMmodel.∥85th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,4283-4287.
Yilmaz.2001.Seismic data analysis:processing,inversion,and interpretation of seismic data.SEG,Volume(I).
Zhang Y,Gray S,Sun J,et al.2001.Theory of migration antialiasing.∥71th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,997-1000.
Zhou Y,Etgen J,Whitcombe D,et al.2013.Dip-adaptive operator anti-aliasing for Kirchhoff migration.∥83th Ann.Internat Mtg.,Soc.Expi.Geophys..Expanded Abstracts,3629-3696.
刘财,李鹏,刘洋等.2013.基于seislet变换的反假频迭代数据插值方法.地球物理学报,65(5):1619-1627,doi:10.6038/cjg20130519.
刘礼农,陈树民,张剑锋.2006.稀疏采样下陡角度构造的波动方程深度偏移成像.地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1452-1459.
刘喜武,刘洪,刘彬.2004.反假频非均匀地震数据重建方法研究.地球物理学报,47(2):299-305.
王华忠,蔡杰雄,孔祥宁等.2010.适于大规模数据的三维Kirchhoff积分法体偏移实现方案.地球物理学报,53(7):1699-1709,doi:10.3969/j.issn.0001-5733.2010.07.021.
王华忠,冯波,刘少勇等.2015.叠前地震数据特征波场分解、偏移成像与层析反演.地球物理学报,58(6):2024-2034,doi:10.6038/cjg20150617.
王华忠,冯波,王雄文等.2017.特征波反演成像理论框架.石油物探,56(1):38-49.
王伟.2012.地震资料噪声衰减与几何属性分析方法研究[博士论文].西安:西安交通大学.
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