湟水河上游大型底栖动物群落结构及水质生物评价
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摘要
为了探究青藏高原湟水河流域内底栖动物群落结构及水质评价状况,于2016年5月和2017年5月对上游19个样点的底栖动物进行了采样分析。采用Shannon-Wiener指数(H')、Goodnight-Whitley生物指数(GI)、Goodnight-Whitley修正指数(GBI)及MBI生物指数对水质进行生物评价。结果表明:底栖动物共有8目25科42属(种),密度为15~394个/m~2,其中以水生昆虫占优势类群,占总物种数的86%。4种生物指数评价湟水河上游水质状况有差异,Shannon-Wiener指数表明除个别地区外大部分地区属于轻度至中度污染;GI指数表明所有研究区域内的水质均为轻度污染;GBI指数表明水质是较差至极差水质;MBI指数表明水质为差至一般水平。综合评价湟水河上游水质处于中下等水平,急需保护。
To explore the macroinvertebrate community and the quality evaluation of water of Huangshui River in Qinghai-Tibet plateau,19 sites along the upstream of Huangshui River were chosen for sampling macroinvertebrate in May 2016 and May 2017. Four indicators including the Shannon-Wiener Index( H'),Goodnight-Whitley Biological Index( GI),Goodnight-Whitley modified Index( GBI) and Macroinvertebrate Biotic Index( MBI) were used for evaluating water quality of bio-assessment. The macroinvertebrate assemblages in Huangshui River include 8 orders,25 families,42 genera( species). The density of macroinvertebrate is 15 ~ 394/m~2. The dominant group of aquatic insects account for 86% of the total number of species. Four kinds of biological index to evaluate Huangshui River quality have differences: Shannon-Wiener index shows that the upstream is in light to middle pollution except individual regions; GI biological index shows that the water quality in all the study areas is in light pollution; GBI index shows that the water quality is generally worse; MBI index indicates that water quality is at an average level. The water quality of the HuangShui River is at the middle and lower level,which is in urgent need of protection.
To explore the macroinvertebrate community and the quality evaluation of water of Huangshui River in Qinghai-Tibet plateau,19 sites along the upstream of Huangshui River were chosen for sampling macroinvertebrate in May 2016 and May 2017. Four indicators including the Shannon-Wiener Index( H'),Goodnight-Whitley Biological Index( GI),Goodnight-Whitley modified Index( GBI) and Macroinvertebrate Biotic Index( MBI) were used for evaluating water quality of bio-assessment. The macroinvertebrate assemblages in Huangshui River include 8 orders,25 families,42 genera( species). The density of macroinvertebrate is 15 ~ 394/m~2. The dominant group of aquatic insects account for 86% of the total number of species. Four kinds of biological index to evaluate Huangshui River quality have differences: Shannon-Wiener index shows that the upstream is in light to middle pollution except individual regions; GI biological index shows that the water quality in all the study areas is in light pollution; GBI index shows that the water quality is generally worse; MBI index indicates that water quality is at an average level. The water quality of the HuangShui River is at the middle and lower level,which is in urgent need of protection.
引文
[1]王静,池玉林,陈正西.利用底栖动物进行水质监测与评价的研究进展[J].安徽农业科学,2012,40(22):11401-11405.
[2]王建国,黄恢柏,杨明旭,等.庐山地区底栖大型无脊椎动物耐污值与水质生物学评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(3):279-284.
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[4]唐涛,蔡庆华,刘建康.河流生态系统健康及其评价[J].应用生态报,2002,13(9):1191-1194.
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[8]刘广纯,岳晓宁,杨雪莲,等.底栖无脊椎动物群落与生物监测[J].沈阳大学学报,2005,17(4):1-2.
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[10]李金国.低级溪流中水生昆虫的群落特征及水质生物评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[11]徐希莲.水生昆虫与水质的生物监测[J].莱阳农学院学报,2001,18(1):66-70.
[12]闫云君,李晓宇.汉江流域黑竹河杂色特维摇蚊和波特真开氏摇蚊的生产量动态及营养基础分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3128-3132.
[13]BELAN T A.Benthos abundance Pattern and species compositsin in conditions of pollution in Amursky Bay(the peter the Great Bay,the sea of Japan)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46:1111-1119.
[14]刘东晓,于海燕,刘朔孺,等.城镇化对钱塘江中游支流水质和底栖动物群落结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1370-1376.
[15]王备新,徐东炯,杨莲芳,等.常州地区太湖流域上游水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(2):47-51.
[16]柯欣,杨莲芳,孙长海,等.安徽丰溪河水生昆虫多样性及其水质生物评价[J].南京农业大学学报,1996,19(3):37-43.
[17]陈浒,林陶,秦樊鑫.乌江流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物评价[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):5-11.
[18]杨潼,胡德良.利用底栖大型无脊椎动物对湘江干流污染的生物学评价[J].生态学报,1986,6(3):263-274.
[19]盛萧,毛建忠,曹然,等.基于5种大型底栖动物评价指数的河流生态健康评价[J].水资源保护,2007,33(1):75-82.
[20]黄旭蕾,李天宏,蒋晓辉.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物指数的黄河水质评价研究[J].北京大学学报,2015,51(3):553-561.
[21]王备新,杨莲芳.我国东部底栖无脊椎动物主要分类单元耐污值[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2768-2775.
[22]王备新,杨莲芳.我国底栖动物Bl指数水质生物评价标准的初步建立[J].中国农业科学导报,2003,5(5):43.
[23]赵然,贾立明.大型无脊椎底栖动物水质生物评价国内外研究现状[J].曲阜师范大学学报,2015,41(2):62-66.
[24]苏华武,江晶,温芳妮,等.湖北清江流域叹气沟河底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(4):520-528.
[2]王建国,黄恢柏,杨明旭,等.庐山地区底栖大型无脊椎动物耐污值与水质生物学评价[J].应用与环境生物学报,2003,9(3):279-284.
[3]戴纪翠,倪晋仁.底栖动物在水生生态系统健康评价中的作用分析[J].生态环境,2008,17(6):2107-2111.
[4]唐涛,蔡庆华,刘建康.河流生态系统健康及其评价[J].应用生态报,2002,13(9):1191-1194.
[5]王备新,杨莲芳.大型底栖无脊椎动物水质快速生物评价的研究进展[J].南京农业大学学报,2001,24(4):107-111.
[6]MORSE J C,YANG L F,TIAN L X.Aquatic Insects of China Useful for Monitoring Water Quality[M].Nanjing:Ho Hai University Press,1994:10-30.
[7]朱迪,郑海涛,常剑波.香格里拉岗曲河大型底栖动物群落和水质的快速生物评价[J].水生态学杂志,2009,2(2):56-66.
[8]刘广纯,岳晓宁,杨雪莲,等.底栖无脊椎动物群落与生物监测[J].沈阳大学学报,2005,17(4):1-2.
[9]NIEMI G J,MCDONALDM E.Application of Ecological Indicators[J].Annual Review of Ecology Evolution&Systematics,2004,35(1):89-111.
[10]李金国.低级溪流中水生昆虫的群落特征及水质生物评价[D].哈尔滨:东北林业大学,2007.
[11]徐希莲.水生昆虫与水质的生物监测[J].莱阳农学院学报,2001,18(1):66-70.
[12]闫云君,李晓宇.汉江流域黑竹河杂色特维摇蚊和波特真开氏摇蚊的生产量动态及营养基础分析[J].生态学报,2005,25(12):3128-3132.
[13]BELAN T A.Benthos abundance Pattern and species compositsin in conditions of pollution in Amursky Bay(the peter the Great Bay,the sea of Japan)[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2003,46:1111-1119.
[14]刘东晓,于海燕,刘朔孺,等.城镇化对钱塘江中游支流水质和底栖动物群落结构的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(5):1370-1376.
[15]王备新,徐东炯,杨莲芳,等.常州地区太湖流域上游水系大型底栖无脊椎动物群落结构特征及其与环境的关系[J].生态与农村环境学报,2007,23(2):47-51.
[16]柯欣,杨莲芳,孙长海,等.安徽丰溪河水生昆虫多样性及其水质生物评价[J].南京农业大学学报,1996,19(3):37-43.
[17]陈浒,林陶,秦樊鑫.乌江流域大型底栖动物群落结构及其水质生物评价[J].水生态学杂志,2010,3(6):5-11.
[18]杨潼,胡德良.利用底栖大型无脊椎动物对湘江干流污染的生物学评价[J].生态学报,1986,6(3):263-274.
[19]盛萧,毛建忠,曹然,等.基于5种大型底栖动物评价指数的河流生态健康评价[J].水资源保护,2007,33(1):75-82.
[20]黄旭蕾,李天宏,蒋晓辉.基于大型底栖无脊椎动物指数的黄河水质评价研究[J].北京大学学报,2015,51(3):553-561.
[21]王备新,杨莲芳.我国东部底栖无脊椎动物主要分类单元耐污值[J].生态学报,2004,24(12):2768-2775.
[22]王备新,杨莲芳.我国底栖动物Bl指数水质生物评价标准的初步建立[J].中国农业科学导报,2003,5(5):43.
[23]赵然,贾立明.大型无脊椎底栖动物水质生物评价国内外研究现状[J].曲阜师范大学学报,2015,41(2):62-66.
[24]苏华武,江晶,温芳妮,等.湖北清江流域叹气沟河底栖动物群落结构与水质生物学评价[J].湖泊科学,2008,20(4):520-528.
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