紫铜/Al_2O_3陶瓷/不锈钢复合结构钎焊接头残余应力研究
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摘要
采用有限元数值模拟的方法研究AgCuTi钎焊紫铜/Al_2O_3陶瓷/不锈钢复合结构的形变和残余应力分布情况,并对模拟结果进行实验验证。结果表明:残余应力主要分布在接头区,并且该区形变较小。陶瓷端的残余应力对接头性能影响较大,由于线膨胀系数差异过大,不锈钢陶瓷侧易产生裂纹缺陷,接头倾向于在该区域断裂,紫铜侧陶瓷端TiO反应层的形成导致该区域裂纹的出现,降低了接头的性能。研究各应力分量对最终残余应力的贡献,结果显示环向应力和轴向应力在陶瓷端所产生的拉应力是造成接头强度降低的主要因素。接头拉剪实验表明,接头主要在靠近不锈钢侧的陶瓷端断裂,验证了模拟结果的准确性。
The distribution of deformation and residual stress in copper/Al_2O_3 ceramic/stainless steel brazed joint was investigated by means of finite element numerical simulation.Brazing experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of simulation results.The results show that residual stress is mainly distributed in the joint area where the deformation is not obvious.Residual stress at the ceramic side has a significant effect on properties of the joints.The fracture tends to occur in the ceramic near stainless steel due to the mismatch of their linear expansion coefficients.The brazed joints may also crack in the ceramic at copper side when TiO reaction layer is formed,and the mechanical properties of the joint are reduced.The contribution of stress component to final residual stress was also analyzed.The tension stress generated by hoop stress and axial stress is the principle factor which decreases the properties of brazed joint.The brazing specimens mainly fracture in the ceramic side near stainless steel,and the accuracy of simulation has been proved by brazing experiments.
The distribution of deformation and residual stress in copper/Al_2O_3 ceramic/stainless steel brazed joint was investigated by means of finite element numerical simulation.Brazing experiments were conducted to verify the accuracy of simulation results.The results show that residual stress is mainly distributed in the joint area where the deformation is not obvious.Residual stress at the ceramic side has a significant effect on properties of the joints.The fracture tends to occur in the ceramic near stainless steel due to the mismatch of their linear expansion coefficients.The brazed joints may also crack in the ceramic at copper side when TiO reaction layer is formed,and the mechanical properties of the joint are reduced.The contribution of stress component to final residual stress was also analyzed.The tension stress generated by hoop stress and axial stress is the principle factor which decreases the properties of brazed joint.The brazing specimens mainly fracture in the ceramic side near stainless steel,and the accuracy of simulation has been proved by brazing experiments.
引文
[1]李卓然,顾伟,冯吉才.陶瓷与金属连接的研究现状[J].焊接,2008(3):55-60.LI Z R,GU W,FENG J C.The research status on connection between ceramic and metal[J].Welding&Joining,2008(3):55-60.
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[7]韩飞,雷永平,夏志东,等.陶瓷金属钎焊接头优化与残余应力数值模拟[J].焊接,2008(6),26-30.HAN F,LEI Y P,XIA Z D,et al.The optimization and numerical simulation of residual stress on ceramic/metal brazed joints[J].Welding&Joining,2008(6):26-30.
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[9]HE Y M,ZHANG J,PAN F,et al.Uncovering the critical factor in determining the residual stresses level in Si3N4-GM filler alloy-42CrMo joints by FEM analysis and experiments[J].Ceramics International,2013,39(1):709-718.
[10]雷永平,韩丰娟,夏志东,等.陶瓷-金属钎焊接头残余应力的数值分析[J].焊接学报,2003,24(5):33-36.LEI Y P,HAN F J,XIA Z D,et al.The numerical analysis of residual stress in ceramic/metal/brazed joint[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2003,24(5):33-36.
[11]XU S G,WANG S K,ZHAO Y L,et al.The residual stress in a brazed joint of metallic bipolar plates of PEMFC:a numerical model[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(10):5304-5314.
[12]PAN R,KOVACEVIC S,LIN T,et al.Control of residual stresses in 2Si-B-3C-N and Nb joints by the Ag-Cu-Ti+Mo composite interlayer[J].Materials&Design,2016,99:193-200.
[13]王颖,何鹏,冯吉才,等.接头形式对陶瓷/金属连接残余应力的影响[J].焊接学报,2007,28(4):13-16.WANG Y,HE P,FENG J C,et al.Effect of joint types on residual stress in ceramic-metal joint[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2007,28(4):13-16.
[14]李洪亮.紫铜与SiO2陶瓷真空钎焊工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.LI H L.The research on brazing technology of copper to SiO2ceramic[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2014.
[15]JIANG W C,GONG J M,CHEN H,et al.Finite element analysis of the effect of brazed residual stress on creep for stainless steel plate-fin structure[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2008,130(4):41203.
[16]董辉跃,柯映林.残余应力对加工变形影响的分析与模拟[J].航空材料学报,2005,25(5):54-58.DONG H Y,KE Y L.Analysis and simulation of machining deformation resulting from residual stress[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2005,25(5):54-58.
[2]BOBZIZ K,SCHLAEFER T,ZHAO L,et al.Brazing of ceramic-to-ceramic and ceramic-to-metal joints in air[J].Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering in China,2010,5(2):125-129.
[3]陈维平,韩孟岩,杨少锋.Al2O3陶瓷复合材料的研究进展[J].材料工程,2011(3):91-96.CHEN W P,HAN M Y,YANG S F.Research progress of Al2O3ceramic composites[J].Journal of Materials Engineering,2011(3):91-96.
[4]王玲玲,丁毅,马立群.金属和陶瓷的钎焊技术及新发展[J].焊接技术,2007,36(5):1-3.WANG L L,DING Y,MA L Q.The brazing technology and development between metal and ceramic[J].Welding Technology,2007,36(5):1-3.
[5]唐群,楚建新,张晓勇.陶瓷-金属连接中的残余应[J].电子工艺技术,2001,22(4):166-170.TANG Q,CHU J X,ZHANG X Y.The residential stress on connection between ceramic and metal[J].Electronics Process Technology,2001,22(4):166-170.
[6]ZHANG J,JIN L Y.Numerical simulation of residual stress in brazing joint between cemented carbide and steel[J].Materials Science and Technology,2005,21(12):1455-1459.
[7]韩飞,雷永平,夏志东,等.陶瓷金属钎焊接头优化与残余应力数值模拟[J].焊接,2008(6),26-30.HAN F,LEI Y P,XIA Z D,et al.The optimization and numerical simulation of residual stress on ceramic/metal brazed joints[J].Welding&Joining,2008(6):26-30.
[8]熊华平,吴世彪,陈波,等.缓解陶瓷/金属连接接头残余热应力的方法研究进展[J].焊接学报,2013,34(9):107-112.XIONG H P,WU S B,CHEN B,et al.The process in relieving the residual thermal stress of the ceramic/metal joints[J].Welding Journal,2013,34(9):107-112.
[9]HE Y M,ZHANG J,PAN F,et al.Uncovering the critical factor in determining the residual stresses level in Si3N4-GM filler alloy-42CrMo joints by FEM analysis and experiments[J].Ceramics International,2013,39(1):709-718.
[10]雷永平,韩丰娟,夏志东,等.陶瓷-金属钎焊接头残余应力的数值分析[J].焊接学报,2003,24(5):33-36.LEI Y P,HAN F J,XIA Z D,et al.The numerical analysis of residual stress in ceramic/metal/brazed joint[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2003,24(5):33-36.
[11]XU S G,WANG S K,ZHAO Y L,et al.The residual stress in a brazed joint of metallic bipolar plates of PEMFC:a numerical model[J].International Journal of Hydrogen Energy,2016,41(10):5304-5314.
[12]PAN R,KOVACEVIC S,LIN T,et al.Control of residual stresses in 2Si-B-3C-N and Nb joints by the Ag-Cu-Ti+Mo composite interlayer[J].Materials&Design,2016,99:193-200.
[13]王颖,何鹏,冯吉才,等.接头形式对陶瓷/金属连接残余应力的影响[J].焊接学报,2007,28(4):13-16.WANG Y,HE P,FENG J C,et al.Effect of joint types on residual stress in ceramic-metal joint[J].Transactions of the China Welding Institution,2007,28(4):13-16.
[14]李洪亮.紫铜与SiO2陶瓷真空钎焊工艺研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学,2014.LI H L.The research on brazing technology of copper to SiO2ceramic[D].Harbin:Harbin Institute of Technology,2014.
[15]JIANG W C,GONG J M,CHEN H,et al.Finite element analysis of the effect of brazed residual stress on creep for stainless steel plate-fin structure[J].Journal of Pressure Vessel Technology,2008,130(4):41203.
[16]董辉跃,柯映林.残余应力对加工变形影响的分析与模拟[J].航空材料学报,2005,25(5):54-58.DONG H Y,KE Y L.Analysis and simulation of machining deformation resulting from residual stress[J].Journal of Aeronautical Materials,2005,25(5):54-58.
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