基于食物当量的中国居民食物消费变化
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摘要
基于食物当量统一量化分析了1980年以来中国居民食物消费量和食物消费结构的演变趋势,结合Shannon-Wiener指数,分析探讨了居民食物消费种类的变化;通过进一步比较城乡居民恩格尔系数和不同收入阶层食物消费性支出,对比分析中国城乡居民及不同收入群体间的食物消费支出差异。研究发现,居民消费的食物质量不断提高,消费种类趋于多元化;居民直接粮食消费量逐年降低,动物性食物消费量持续增加,未来我国食物安全问题将转变为畜产品的生产和供给安全问题;我国居民肉类消费量与发达国家及饮食结构相似的地区相比仍有一定差距;参照《中国居民膳食指南(2016)》,目前居民谷类食物的摄入量已达到要求,肉类食物的摄入量略高于标准,但奶类的消费量还远远低于营养目标,食物消费结构还需进一步调整优化。
Based on food equivalent,this paper quantitative analyzed food consumption and food consumption structure of Chinese residents from 1980. Combined with a Shannon-Wiener index,this paper discussed the types of Chinese residents' food consumption change. By further comparison of urban and rural residents engel coefficient and food consumption expenditure of different income groups,comparative analysis of the differences between food consumption expenditure of Chinese urban and rural residents and different income groups. The study found that residents' consumption of food quality enhanced unceasingly,species diversity of consumption; the direct grain consumption of residents reduced year by year,and animal food consumption continued to grow. In the future,the food security problem in our country will be turned into livestock produce and supply safely problems. The meat consumption in our country still has a certain gap compared with the same district of the developed country. According to the Chinese Dietary Guide 2016,Chinese residents has intake enough cereal,excess meat and less milk which under the nutritional goal,the structure of food consumption needs better adjustment.
Based on food equivalent,this paper quantitative analyzed food consumption and food consumption structure of Chinese residents from 1980. Combined with a Shannon-Wiener index,this paper discussed the types of Chinese residents' food consumption change. By further comparison of urban and rural residents engel coefficient and food consumption expenditure of different income groups,comparative analysis of the differences between food consumption expenditure of Chinese urban and rural residents and different income groups. The study found that residents' consumption of food quality enhanced unceasingly,species diversity of consumption; the direct grain consumption of residents reduced year by year,and animal food consumption continued to grow. In the future,the food security problem in our country will be turned into livestock produce and supply safely problems. The meat consumption in our country still has a certain gap compared with the same district of the developed country. According to the Chinese Dietary Guide 2016,Chinese residents has intake enough cereal,excess meat and less milk which under the nutritional goal,the structure of food consumption needs better adjustment.
引文
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[2]曹志宏,陈志超,郝晋氓.中国城乡居民食品消费变化趋势分析[J].长江流域资源与环境,2012,21(10):1171-1178.
[3]曹志宏.基于谷物当量的中国居民食物消费变化及其对农业生产需求分析[J].资源科学,2013,35(11):2181-2187.
[4]潘建伟.北京市城乡居民食品消费行为比较分析[J].中国流通经济,2012,26(4):97-101.
[5]封志明,史登峰.近20年来中国食物消费变化与膳食营养状况评价[J].资源科学,2006,28(1):2-8.
[6]Rask KJ,Rask N.Economic development and food production-consumption balance:a growing global challenge[J].Food Policy,2011,36(2):186-196.
[7]Angela Vasileska,Gordana Rechkoska.Global and regional food consumption patterns and trends[J].Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,2012,44:363-369.
[8]任继周,侯扶江.改变粮食观,试行食物当量[J].草业学报,1999,8(S1):55-75.
[9]中华人民共和国国家统计局.中国统计年鉴(1981—2014)[R].北京:中国统计出版社.
[10]Wang J,Jiao Y,Ren Y,et al.Comparative study on two computing methods for estimating Shannon-Wiener diversity index[J].Journal of Fisheries of China,2015,39(8):1257-1263.
[11]黄季焜,杨军,仇焕广.新时期国家粮食安全战略和政策的思考[J].农业经济问题,2012(3):6-10.
[12]Huang JK,Scott Rozelle.Market development and food demand in rural China[J].China Economic Review,1998,9(1):25-45.
[13]Institute I F P.Global food policy report 2016[R].Working Papers,2016.
[14]中国养殖业可持续发展战略研究项目组.中国养殖业可持续发展战略研究(综合卷)[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2013.
[15]Lin HL,Li RC,Jin CY,et al.China's new problems of food security revealed by the food equivalent unit.Front[J].Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering,2014,1(1):69-76.
[16]任继周.农业结构必须适应食物结构的转型[J].科技导报,2014,32(3):1-1.
[17]Tang YT,Lin HL.Evaluation of food security and new developmental routing selection[J].Acta Pratacultuae Sinica,2015(7):189-196.
[18]任继周.我国传统农业结构不改变不行了——粮食九连增后的隐忧[J].草业学报,2013,22(3):1-5.
[19]Li R,Lin H.Developing the Agro-Grassland System to insure food security of China[J].Journal of Agricultural Chemistry&Environment,2014,3(3):9-15.
[20]中国营养学会.中国居民膳食指南[M].中国营养学会出版,2016.
[21]熊靓,王东阳.居民食物消费特征及影响因素分析——基于全国20省居民食物消费调研[J].中国食物与营养,2017,23(3):49-53.
[22]王恩涛.中国农村居民食物消费与营养状况研究[D].北京:中国农业科学院硕士学位论文,2007.
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