前处理方法对马兰黄土粒度测量影响的实验研究
|
摘要
采用9种不同的前处理方法对延安新区马兰黄土样品进行了粒度分析,以探讨不同前处理方法对马兰黄土粒度测量结果的影响。结果表明,除去有机物、碳酸盐或加分散剂后,马兰黄土的粒度分布发生明显变化,表现为中值粒径和平均粒径显著减小,粒度分布曲线向细粒方向偏移;马兰黄土中含有一定量的有机质,会影响粒度测量结果。因而,在粒度测量前处理时,需要加双氧水去除有机质;在使用盐酸进行前处理时,可能与矿物发生反应,使得所测粒径变大,且使细颗粒含量减少。综合考虑除去有机物、碳酸盐和加分散剂,前处理方法 7使样品中值粒径、平均粒径和细粒含量变化最为显著。因此,对马兰黄土进行粒度分析时,建议使用方法 7,即给样品加入15 m L浓度为10%的H_2O_2溶液(除去有机质)煮沸使其充分反应,冷却后给烧杯注满蒸馏水,静置24 h,抽去蒸馏水,加入15 m L浓度为4%的(Na PO_3)_6(分散剂)溶液后测量。
Nine methods were adopted to pretreat Malan loess samples from New District of Yan'an City,China to investigate the effect of different pretreatments on grain-size( GS). Results show that the GS distribution of Malan loess changed obviously after the removal of organic matter,carbonate or adding dispersant,and the median and mean GS decreased significantly,and the grain-size distributions shifted to fine end. Malan loess contained a certain amount of organic matter,which would affect the result of grain-size measurement.Therefore,H_2 O_2 was needed to remove organic matter before GS measurement. Bigger grain size and fewer fine particles were found,for HCL reacting with minerals in Malan loess when using it to pretreatment. Considering the removal of organic matter,carbonate and the addition of dispersant,the pretreating method 7 made the most significant change of the median GS,mean GS and fine particle content.Therefore,method 7 is proposed for the GS analysis of Malan loess,i.e. to add 15 m L H_2 O_2 solution with the concentration of 10%( in order to remove organic matter),and boil it for fully reaction,then fill the beaker with distilled water after it cooled. After standing for 24 hours,the GS was measured when the distilled water was pumped out and 15 m L of 4% solution of( Na PO_3)_6( dispersant) was added.
Nine methods were adopted to pretreat Malan loess samples from New District of Yan'an City,China to investigate the effect of different pretreatments on grain-size( GS). Results show that the GS distribution of Malan loess changed obviously after the removal of organic matter,carbonate or adding dispersant,and the median and mean GS decreased significantly,and the grain-size distributions shifted to fine end. Malan loess contained a certain amount of organic matter,which would affect the result of grain-size measurement.Therefore,H_2 O_2 was needed to remove organic matter before GS measurement. Bigger grain size and fewer fine particles were found,for HCL reacting with minerals in Malan loess when using it to pretreatment. Considering the removal of organic matter,carbonate and the addition of dispersant,the pretreating method 7 made the most significant change of the median GS,mean GS and fine particle content.Therefore,method 7 is proposed for the GS analysis of Malan loess,i.e. to add 15 m L H_2 O_2 solution with the concentration of 10%( in order to remove organic matter),and boil it for fully reaction,then fill the beaker with distilled water after it cooled. After standing for 24 hours,the GS was measured when the distilled water was pumped out and 15 m L of 4% solution of( Na PO_3)_6( dispersant) was added.
引文
[1]Mc Cave I N,Syvitski J P M.Principle and Methods of Geological Particle Size Analysis[M].New York:Cambridge University Press,1991:3-21.
[2]成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[3]陈敬安,万国江,张峰,等.不同时间尺度下的湖泊沉积物环境记录—以沉积物粒度为例[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2003,33(6):563-568.
[4]陈敬安,万国江,唐德贵,等.洱海近代气候变化的沉积物粒度与同位素记录[J].自然科学进展:国家重点实验室通讯,2000(3):253-259.
[5]孙千里,周杰,肖举乐.岱海沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(1):93-95.
[6]蒋庆丰,刘兴起,沈吉.乌伦古湖沉积物粒度特征及其古气候环境意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):877-882.
[7]刘兴起,王苏民,沈吉.青海湖QH—2000钻孔沉积物粒度组成的古气候古环境意义[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(2):112-117.
[8]潘凤英.近130a来毛乌素沙漠北部泊江海子湖泊沉积记录的气候环境变化[J].地理科学,1983(4):79-86.
[9]Rea D K.The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea:The geologic history of wind[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1994,32(2):159-195.
[10]Sarnthein M,Tetzlaff G,Koopmann B,et al.Glacial and interglacial wind regimes over the eastern subtropical Atlantic and North-West Africa[J].Nature,1981,293(5829):193-196.
[11]谢昕,郑洪波,陈国成,等.古环境研究中深海沉积物粒度测试的预处理方法[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):684-692.
[12]于学峰,周卫健,刘晓清,等.青藏高原东部全新世泥炭灰分的粒度特征及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):864-869.
[13]Ding Z L,Sun J M,Liu T S,et al.Wind-blown origin of the Pliocene red clay formation in the central Loess Plateau,China[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1998,161(1–4):135-143.
[14]Ding Z L,Rutter N W,Sun J M,et al.Re-arrangement of atmospheric circulation at about 2.6 Ma over Northern China:Evidence from grain size records of loess-palaesol and red clay sequences.Quatern Sci Rev[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2000,19(19):547-558.
[15]Lu H,Vandenberghe J,An Z.Aeolian origin and palaeoclimatic implications of the‘red clay’(north China)as evidenced by grain-size distribution[J].Journal of Quaternary Science,2001,16(1):89-97.
[16]吕连清,方小敏,鹿化煜,等.青藏高原东北缘黄土粒度记录的末次冰期千年尺度气候变化[J].科学通报,2004,49(11):1091-1098.
[17]An Z S,Kukla G,Porter S C,et al.Late quaternary dust flow on the chinese Loess Plateau[J].Catena,1991,18(2):125-132.
[18]Xiao J,Porter S C,An Z,et al.Grain size of quartz as an indicator of winter monsoon strength on the loess plateau of central China during the last130,000 yr[J].Quaternary Research,1995,43(1):22-29.
[19]鹿化煜,安芷生.黄土高原黄土粒度组成的古气候意义[J].中国科学,1998(3):278-283.
[20]Sun D,Su R,Bloemendal J,et al.Grain-size and accumulation rate records from Late Cenozoic aeolian sequences in northern China:Implications for variations in the East Asian winter monsoon and westerly atmospheric circulation[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2008,264(1–2):39-53.
[21]Ding Z,Sun J,Rutter N W,et al.Changes in sand content of loess deposits along a north–south transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau and the implications for desert variations[J].Quaternary Research,1999,52(1):56-62.
[22]Ding Z L,Derbyshire E,Yang S L,et al.Stepwise expansion of desert environment across northern China in the past 3.5 Ma and implications for monsoon evolution[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2005,237(1–2):45-55.
[23]孙东怀.黄土粒度分布中的超细粒组分及其成因[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):928-936.
[24]Qiang M,Chen F,Wang Z,et al.Aeolian deposits at the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert(China):Implications for surface wind strength in the Asian dust source area over the past 20,000 years[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2010,286(2):66-80.
[25]孙有斌,周杰,鹿化煜,等.风化成壤对原始粉尘粒度组成的改造证据[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(1):16-20.
[26]Wang H,Mason J A,Balsam W L.The importance of both geological and pedological processes in control of grain size and sedimentation rates in Peoria Loess[J].Geoderma,2006,136(1):388-400.
[27]雷祥义.秦岭黄土的粒度分析及其成因初步探讨[J].地质学报,1998(2):178-188.
[28]鹿化煜,安芷生.洛川黄土粒度组成的古气候意义[J].科学通报,1997(1):67-69.
[29]汪海斌,陈发虎,张家武.黄土高原西部地区黄土粒度的环境指示意义[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(1):21-26.
[30]Nelsen T A.Time-and method-dependent size distributions of fine-grained sediments[J].Sedimentology,1983,30(2):249-259.
[31]鹿比煜,安芷生.前处理方法对黄土沉积物粒度测量影响的实验研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(23):2535-2538.
[32]孙有斌,高抒,鹿化煜.前处理方法对北黄海沉积物粒度的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(6):665-671.
[33]鹿化煜,苗晓东,孙有斌.前处理步骤与方法对风成红粘土粒度测量的影响[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(3):129-135.
[34]王君波,朱立平.不同前处理对湖泊沉积物粒度测量结果的影响[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(1):17-23.
[35]冯志刚,王世杰,罗维均,等.不同前处理方法对红色风化壳粒度测试结果的影响[J].矿物学报,2006,26(1):1-7.
[36]任少芳,郑祥民,周立旻,等.不同前处理方法对下蜀黄土粒度测量的影响[C]//全国地貌与第四纪学术研讨会.2013.
[37]刘海丽,韩志勇,李徐生,等.不同前处理方法对南方红土粒度测量的影响——以安徽宣城第四纪红土剖面为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012(2):161-167.
[38]李金凤,鲁瑞洁,贾飞飞.前处理方法对青海湖地区全新世风成沉积物粒度测量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):141-146.
[39]庞奖励,乔晶,黄春长,等.前处理过程对汉江上游谷地“古土壤”粒度测试结果的影响研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(6):748-754.
[40]张红艳,鹿化煜,赵军,等.超声波振荡对细颗粒黄土样品粒度测量影响的实验分析[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):494-500.
[41]Russell E W.Soil structure:Its maintenance and improvement[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1971,22(2):137-151.
[42]刁桂仪,文启忠.黄土中的有机质[J].地理科学,1988,8(3):226-231.
[43]文启忠,刁桂仪.黄土剖面中古气候变化的地球化学记录[J].第四纪研究,1995,15(3):223-231.
[2]成都地质学院陕北队.沉积岩(物)粒度分析及其应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1978.
[3]陈敬安,万国江,张峰,等.不同时间尺度下的湖泊沉积物环境记录—以沉积物粒度为例[J].中国科学(D辑):地球科学,2003,33(6):563-568.
[4]陈敬安,万国江,唐德贵,等.洱海近代气候变化的沉积物粒度与同位素记录[J].自然科学进展:国家重点实验室通讯,2000(3):253-259.
[5]孙千里,周杰,肖举乐.岱海沉积物粒度特征及其古环境意义[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2001,21(1):93-95.
[6]蒋庆丰,刘兴起,沈吉.乌伦古湖沉积物粒度特征及其古气候环境意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):877-882.
[7]刘兴起,王苏民,沈吉.青海湖QH—2000钻孔沉积物粒度组成的古气候古环境意义[J].湖泊科学,2003,15(2):112-117.
[8]潘凤英.近130a来毛乌素沙漠北部泊江海子湖泊沉积记录的气候环境变化[J].地理科学,1983(4):79-86.
[9]Rea D K.The paleoclimatic record provided by eolian deposition in the deep sea:The geologic history of wind[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1994,32(2):159-195.
[10]Sarnthein M,Tetzlaff G,Koopmann B,et al.Glacial and interglacial wind regimes over the eastern subtropical Atlantic and North-West Africa[J].Nature,1981,293(5829):193-196.
[11]谢昕,郑洪波,陈国成,等.古环境研究中深海沉积物粒度测试的预处理方法[J].沉积学报,2007,25(5):684-692.
[12]于学峰,周卫健,刘晓清,等.青藏高原东部全新世泥炭灰分的粒度特征及其古气候意义[J].沉积学报,2006,24(6):864-869.
[13]Ding Z L,Sun J M,Liu T S,et al.Wind-blown origin of the Pliocene red clay formation in the central Loess Plateau,China[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,1998,161(1–4):135-143.
[14]Ding Z L,Rutter N W,Sun J M,et al.Re-arrangement of atmospheric circulation at about 2.6 Ma over Northern China:Evidence from grain size records of loess-palaesol and red clay sequences.Quatern Sci Rev[J].Quaternary Science Reviews,2000,19(19):547-558.
[15]Lu H,Vandenberghe J,An Z.Aeolian origin and palaeoclimatic implications of the‘red clay’(north China)as evidenced by grain-size distribution[J].Journal of Quaternary Science,2001,16(1):89-97.
[16]吕连清,方小敏,鹿化煜,等.青藏高原东北缘黄土粒度记录的末次冰期千年尺度气候变化[J].科学通报,2004,49(11):1091-1098.
[17]An Z S,Kukla G,Porter S C,et al.Late quaternary dust flow on the chinese Loess Plateau[J].Catena,1991,18(2):125-132.
[18]Xiao J,Porter S C,An Z,et al.Grain size of quartz as an indicator of winter monsoon strength on the loess plateau of central China during the last130,000 yr[J].Quaternary Research,1995,43(1):22-29.
[19]鹿化煜,安芷生.黄土高原黄土粒度组成的古气候意义[J].中国科学,1998(3):278-283.
[20]Sun D,Su R,Bloemendal J,et al.Grain-size and accumulation rate records from Late Cenozoic aeolian sequences in northern China:Implications for variations in the East Asian winter monsoon and westerly atmospheric circulation[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2008,264(1–2):39-53.
[21]Ding Z,Sun J,Rutter N W,et al.Changes in sand content of loess deposits along a north–south transect of the Chinese Loess Plateau and the implications for desert variations[J].Quaternary Research,1999,52(1):56-62.
[22]Ding Z L,Derbyshire E,Yang S L,et al.Stepwise expansion of desert environment across northern China in the past 3.5 Ma and implications for monsoon evolution[J].Earth&Planetary Science Letters,2005,237(1–2):45-55.
[23]孙东怀.黄土粒度分布中的超细粒组分及其成因[J].第四纪研究,2006,26(6):928-936.
[24]Qiang M,Chen F,Wang Z,et al.Aeolian deposits at the southeastern margin of the Tengger Desert(China):Implications for surface wind strength in the Asian dust source area over the past 20,000 years[J].Palaeogeography Palaeoclimatology Palaeoecology,2010,286(2):66-80.
[25]孙有斌,周杰,鹿化煜,等.风化成壤对原始粉尘粒度组成的改造证据[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(1):16-20.
[26]Wang H,Mason J A,Balsam W L.The importance of both geological and pedological processes in control of grain size and sedimentation rates in Peoria Loess[J].Geoderma,2006,136(1):388-400.
[27]雷祥义.秦岭黄土的粒度分析及其成因初步探讨[J].地质学报,1998(2):178-188.
[28]鹿化煜,安芷生.洛川黄土粒度组成的古气候意义[J].科学通报,1997(1):67-69.
[29]汪海斌,陈发虎,张家武.黄土高原西部地区黄土粒度的环境指示意义[J].中国沙漠,2002,22(1):21-26.
[30]Nelsen T A.Time-and method-dependent size distributions of fine-grained sediments[J].Sedimentology,1983,30(2):249-259.
[31]鹿比煜,安芷生.前处理方法对黄土沉积物粒度测量影响的实验研究[J].科学通报,1997,42(23):2535-2538.
[32]孙有斌,高抒,鹿化煜.前处理方法对北黄海沉积物粒度的影响[J].海洋与湖沼,2001,32(6):665-671.
[33]鹿化煜,苗晓东,孙有斌.前处理步骤与方法对风成红粘土粒度测量的影响[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2002,22(3):129-135.
[34]王君波,朱立平.不同前处理对湖泊沉积物粒度测量结果的影响[J].湖泊科学,2005,17(1):17-23.
[35]冯志刚,王世杰,罗维均,等.不同前处理方法对红色风化壳粒度测试结果的影响[J].矿物学报,2006,26(1):1-7.
[36]任少芳,郑祥民,周立旻,等.不同前处理方法对下蜀黄土粒度测量的影响[C]//全国地貌与第四纪学术研讨会.2013.
[37]刘海丽,韩志勇,李徐生,等.不同前处理方法对南方红土粒度测量的影响——以安徽宣城第四纪红土剖面为例[J].海洋地质与第四纪地质,2012(2):161-167.
[38]李金凤,鲁瑞洁,贾飞飞.前处理方法对青海湖地区全新世风成沉积物粒度测量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,30(1):141-146.
[39]庞奖励,乔晶,黄春长,等.前处理过程对汉江上游谷地“古土壤”粒度测试结果的影响研究[J].地理科学,2013,33(6):748-754.
[40]张红艳,鹿化煜,赵军,等.超声波振荡对细颗粒黄土样品粒度测量影响的实验分析[J].沉积学报,2008,26(3):494-500.
[41]Russell E W.Soil structure:Its maintenance and improvement[J].European Journal of Soil Science,1971,22(2):137-151.
[42]刁桂仪,文启忠.黄土中的有机质[J].地理科学,1988,8(3):226-231.
[43]文启忠,刁桂仪.黄土剖面中古气候变化的地球化学记录[J].第四纪研究,1995,15(3):223-231.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |