马兰黄土渗气性试验研究
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摘要
利用改进的ZC-2015型渗气仪对不同类型的原状风干和重塑的马兰黄土进行渗气试验,分析土样体积、渗径、干密度、取样深度等对渗气率ka的影响,并利用扫描电镜(SEM)试验得到的孔隙结构参数解释黄土渗气特性。结果表明:渗气率ka不仅是气体渗透特性的衡量指标,也是描述非饱和马兰黄土孔隙和结构特征的重要参数。不同体积的土样由于尺寸效应,其渗气率随着土样体积的增大而增大。另外,渗气率随着渗径、干密度的增大而减小。对比3种不同类型黄土的透气性试验结果和电镜照片,并结合统计的孔隙结构参数,得出渗气率在区域和深度上有一定的规律,区域上黄土颗粒中黏粒含量增高,总孔隙和大孔隙面积减小,土体有效渗气孔隙减少,重塑黄土的渗气率随着取土深度的增加有微小的减小。
A series of tests on undistured dry soil and remoulded Malan loess were conducted by using improved ZC-2015 air permeameter.Gas permeability experiments analyzed the effects of soil volume,permeability diameter,dry density and sampling depth on air permeability(ka),and loess permeability was explained by the pore structure parameters,which were obtained by electron microscopy in SEM tests.The results showed that ka was not only aquantitative index of the gas seepage,but also was an important parameter that describing the pore and structure characteristics of unsaturated Malan loess.Due to the size effect in different soil volumes of loess,and their permeability increased with the increasing of volume of soil samples.In addition,ka decreased with the increasing of dry density and permeability diameter.Comparing the test results and the SEM photographs of three different types of Malan loess,and combining with the statistics of the pore structure parameters,we can conclude that kahas a certain regularity in area and depth.Regionally,the content of clay particles in the soil particles increased,while the total pore and macropore area decreased,and the effective seepage porosity decreased,and kaof remolded soil with the increase of soil depth has a little decrease.
A series of tests on undistured dry soil and remoulded Malan loess were conducted by using improved ZC-2015 air permeameter.Gas permeability experiments analyzed the effects of soil volume,permeability diameter,dry density and sampling depth on air permeability(ka),and loess permeability was explained by the pore structure parameters,which were obtained by electron microscopy in SEM tests.The results showed that ka was not only aquantitative index of the gas seepage,but also was an important parameter that describing the pore and structure characteristics of unsaturated Malan loess.Due to the size effect in different soil volumes of loess,and their permeability increased with the increasing of volume of soil samples.In addition,ka decreased with the increasing of dry density and permeability diameter.Comparing the test results and the SEM photographs of three different types of Malan loess,and combining with the statistics of the pore structure parameters,we can conclude that kahas a certain regularity in area and depth.Regionally,the content of clay particles in the soil particles increased,while the total pore and macropore area decreased,and the effective seepage porosity decreased,and kaof remolded soil with the increase of soil depth has a little decrease.
引文
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[14]刘锦阳,李喜安,简涛,等.马兰黄土渗气率与饱和渗透系数的关系研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(6):154-162.
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[19]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学(B辑),1987,38(12):1309-1316.
[20]William W N.Radon transport from soil to air[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1992,30(2):137-160.
[2]Kuncoro P H,Koga K,Satta N,et al.A study on the effect of compaction on transport properties of soil gas and water I:Relative gas disffusivity,air permeability,and saturated hydraulic conductivity[J].Soil&Tillage Research,2014,143(12):172-179.
[3]Iversen B V,Schjnning P,Poulsen T G,et al.In situ,on-site and laboratary measurements of soil air permeability:boundary conditions and measurement scale[J].Soil Science,2001,166(2):97-106.
[4]苗强强,陈正汉,张磊,等.非饱和黏土质砂的渗气规律试验研究[J].岩土力学,2010,31(12):3746-3750.
[5]姚志华,陈正汉,黄雪峰,等.非饱和Q3黄土渗气特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2012,31(6):1264-1273.
[6]汪龙,方祥位,申春妮,等.膨润土-砂混合型缓冲/回填材料渗气规律试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(增刊):3381-3388.
[7]彭尔兴,孙文博,章定文,等.非饱和含砂细粒土的气体渗透特性研究[J].岩土力学,2016,37(5):1301-1306.
[8]陈存礼,张登飞,张洁,等.等向应力条件下原状Q3黄土的渗气特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2017,39(2):287-294.
[9]Blackwell P S,Green T W,Mason W K.Responses of biopore channels from roots to compression by verticle stresses[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1990,54(4):1088-1091.
[10]Iverson B V,Moldrup P,Schjnning P,et al.Air and water permeability in differently textured soils at two measurement scales[J].Soil Science,2001,166(10):643-659.
[11]Moon S,Nam K,Kim J K,et al.Effectiveness of compacted soil liner as a gas barrier layer in the landfill final cover system[J].Waste Manage,2008,28(10):1909-1914.
[12]Minh A,Cui Y J,Richard G,et al.A study on the air permeability as affected by compression of three French soils[J].Geoderma,2011,162(1/2):171-181.
[13]孙建中.黄土学上篇[M].香港:香港考古学会出版,2005:147-150.
[14]刘锦阳,李喜安,简涛,等.马兰黄土渗气率与饱和渗透系数的关系研究[J].水文地质工程地质,2017,44(6):154-162.
[15]Klinkenberg L J.The permeability of porous media to liquids and gases[J].Socar Proceedings,1941,2(2):200-213.
[16]Schjnning P,LamandéM,Berisso F E,et al.Gas diffusion,Non-darcy air permeability,and Computed tomography images of a clay subsoil affected by compaction[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,2013,77(6):1977-1990.
[17]Jalbert M,Dane J H.A handheld for instrusive and nonintrusive field measurements of air permeability[J].Vadose Zone Journal,2003,2(4):611-617.
[18]赵天宇,王锦芳.考虑密度与干湿循环影响的黄土土水特征曲[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2012,43(6):2445-2453.
[19]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学(B辑),1987,38(12):1309-1316.
[20]William W N.Radon transport from soil to air[J].Reviews of Geophysics,1992,30(2):137-160.
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