Different types of mechanical complications after surgical correction of adult spine deformity with osteotomy
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摘要
AIM To determine the incidence and risk factors for mechanical complications(MC) after surgical correction of adult spinal deformity(ASD) with osteotomy.METHODS A retrospective study was performed. Inclusion criteria: Surgical correction of ASD using osteotomy; male or female; > 20 years old; follow-up ≥ 24 mo or revision. The MC of spine and spinal instrumentation were studied separately. Risk analysis included assessment of the association between more than 50 different characteristics(demographic,clinical,radiographic,and instrumentation) with different types of MC.RESULTS The medical records of 94 operations in 88 subjects were analyzed: Female(68%),mean age 58.6(SD,12.7) years. Cumulative incidence of MC at 2 year follow-up was 43.6%. Of these,78% required revision(P < 0.001). The following characteristics had significant(P ≤ 0.05) association with MC:(1) Preoperative: osteoporosis,smoking,previous spinal operation,sagittal vertical axis(SVA) > 100 mm,lumbar lordosis(LL) < 34°;(2) postoperative: SVA > 75 mm; operative correction: SVA > 75 mm,LL > 30°,thoracic kyphosis > 25°,and pelvic tilt > 9°; a fall; pseudarthrosis; and(3) device and surgical technique: use of previously implanted instrumentation; use of domino and/or parallel connectors; type of osteotomy(PSO vs SPO) if preoperative SVA < 100 mm; lumbar osteotomy location; in-situ rod contouring > 60°; and fixation to sacrum/pelvis.CONCLUSION Risk of MC after surgical correction of ASD is substantial. To decrease this risk over-and/or insufficient correction of the sagittal imbalance should be avoided.
AIM To determine the incidence and risk factors for mechanical complications(MC) after surgical correction of adult spinal deformity(ASD) with osteotomy.METHODS A retrospective study was performed. Inclusion criteria: Surgical correction of ASD using osteotomy; male or female; > 20 years old; follow-up ≥ 24 mo or revision. The MC of spine and spinal instrumentation were studied separately. Risk analysis included assessment of the association between more than 50 different characteristics(demographic,clinical,radiographic,and instrumentation) with different types of MC.RESULTS The medical records of 94 operations in 88 subjects were analyzed: Female(68%),mean age 58.6(SD,12.7) years. Cumulative incidence of MC at 2 year follow-up was 43.6%. Of these,78% required revision(P < 0.001). The following characteristics had significant(P ≤ 0.05) association with MC:(1) Preoperative: osteoporosis,smoking,previous spinal operation,sagittal vertical axis(SVA) > 100 mm,lumbar lordosis(LL) < 34°;(2) postoperative: SVA > 75 mm; operative correction: SVA > 75 mm,LL > 30°,thoracic kyphosis > 25°,and pelvic tilt > 9°; a fall; pseudarthrosis; and(3) device and surgical technique: use of previously implanted instrumentation; use of domino and/or parallel connectors; type of osteotomy(PSO vs SPO) if preoperative SVA < 100 mm; lumbar osteotomy location; in-situ rod contouring > 60°; and fixation to sacrum/pelvis.CONCLUSION Risk of MC after surgical correction of ASD is substantial. To decrease this risk over-and/or insufficient correction of the sagittal imbalance should be avoided.
AIM To determine the incidence and risk factors for mechanical complications(MC) after surgical correction of adult spinal deformity(ASD) with osteotomy.METHODS A retrospective study was performed. Inclusion criteria: Surgical correction of ASD using osteotomy; male or female; > 20 years old; follow-up ≥ 24 mo or revision. The MC of spine and spinal instrumentation were studied separately. Risk analysis included assessment of the association between more than 50 different characteristics(demographic,clinical,radiographic,and instrumentation) with different types of MC.RESULTS The medical records of 94 operations in 88 subjects were analyzed: Female(68%),mean age 58.6(SD,12.7) years. Cumulative incidence of MC at 2 year follow-up was 43.6%. Of these,78% required revision(P < 0.001). The following characteristics had significant(P ≤ 0.05) association with MC:(1) Preoperative: osteoporosis,smoking,previous spinal operation,sagittal vertical axis(SVA) > 100 mm,lumbar lordosis(LL) < 34°;(2) postoperative: SVA > 75 mm; operative correction: SVA > 75 mm,LL > 30°,thoracic kyphosis > 25°,and pelvic tilt > 9°; a fall; pseudarthrosis; and(3) device and surgical technique: use of previously implanted instrumentation; use of domino and/or parallel connectors; type of osteotomy(PSO vs SPO) if preoperative SVA < 100 mm; lumbar osteotomy location; in-situ rod contouring > 60°; and fixation to sacrum/pelvis.CONCLUSION Risk of MC after surgical correction of ASD is substantial. To decrease this risk over-and/or insufficient correction of the sagittal imbalance should be avoided.
引文
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3 Gill JB,Levin A,Burd T,Longley M.Corrective osteotomies in spine surgery.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:2509-2520[PMID:18978421DOI:10.2106/JBJS.H.00081]
4 Bridwell KH.Decision making regarding Smith-Petersen vs.pedicle subtraction osteotomy vs.vertebral column resection for spinal deformity.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2006;31:S171-S178[PMID:16946635 DOI:10.1097/01.brs.0000231963.72810.38]
5 Enercan M,Ozturk C,Kahraman S,Sar?er M,Hamzaoglu A,Alanay A.Osteotomies/spinal column resections in adult deformity.Eur Spine J 2013;22 Suppl 2:S254-S264[PMID:22576156 DOI:10.1007/s00586-012-2313-0]
6 Buchowski JM,Bridwell KH,Lenke LG,Kuhns CA,Lehman RAJr,Kim YJ,Stewart D,Baldus C.Neurologic complications of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy:a 10-year assessment.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2007;32:2245-2252[PMID:17873818 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814b2d52]
7 Cho KJ,Bridwell KH,Lenke LG,Berra A,Baldus C.Comparison of Smith-Petersen versus pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the correction of fixed sagittal imbalance.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2005;30:2030-2037;discussion 2038[PMID:16166890 DOI:10.1097/01.brs.0000179085.92998.ee]
8 Kim YJ,Bridwell KH,Lenke LG,Cheh G,Baldus C.Results of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance:a minimum 5-year follow-up study.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2007;32:2189-2197[PMID:17873810 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814b8371]
9 Yang BP,Ondra SL,Chen LA,Jung HS,Koski TR,Salehi SA.Clinical and radiographic outcomes of thoracic and lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for fixed sagittal imbalance.J Neurosurg Spine2006;5:9-17[PMID:16850951 DOI:10.3171/spi.2006.5.1.9]
10 Ikenaga M,Shikata J,Takemoto M,Tanaka C.Clinical outcomes and complications after pedicle subtraction osteotomy for correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis.J Neurosurg Spine 2007;6:330-336[PMID:17436922 DOI:10.3171/spi.2007.6.4.8]
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13 Chang KW,Cheng CW,Chen HC,Chang KI,Chen TC.Closingopening wedge osteotomy for the treatment of sagittal imbalance.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2008;33:1470-1477[PMID:18520943 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181753bcd]
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16 Inoue S,Khashan M,Fujimori T,Berven SH.Analysis of mechanical failure associated with reoperation in spinal fusion to the sacrum in adult spinal deformity.J Orthop Sci 2015;20:609-616[PMID:25963608 DOI:10.1007/s00776-015-0729-1]
17 Daubs MD,Lenke LG,Cheh G,Stobbs G,Bridwell KH.Adult spinal deformity surgery:complications and outcomes in patients over age60.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2007;32:2238-2244[PMID:17873817DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814cf24a]
18 Emami A,Deviren V,Berven S,Smith JA,Hu SS,Bradford DS.Outcome and complications of long fusions to the sacrum in adult spine deformity:luque-galveston,combined iliac and sacral screws,and sacral fixation.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2002;27:776-786[PMID:11923673 DOI:10.1097/00007632-200204010-00017]
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2 Thomasen E.Vertebral osteotomy for correction of kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis.Clin Orthop Relat Res 1985;194:142-152[PMID:3978906 DOI:10.1097/00003086-198504000-00019]
3 Gill JB,Levin A,Burd T,Longley M.Corrective osteotomies in spine surgery.J Bone Joint Surg Am 2008;90:2509-2520[PMID:18978421DOI:10.2106/JBJS.H.00081]
4 Bridwell KH.Decision making regarding Smith-Petersen vs.pedicle subtraction osteotomy vs.vertebral column resection for spinal deformity.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2006;31:S171-S178[PMID:16946635 DOI:10.1097/01.brs.0000231963.72810.38]
5 Enercan M,Ozturk C,Kahraman S,Sar?er M,Hamzaoglu A,Alanay A.Osteotomies/spinal column resections in adult deformity.Eur Spine J 2013;22 Suppl 2:S254-S264[PMID:22576156 DOI:10.1007/s00586-012-2313-0]
6 Buchowski JM,Bridwell KH,Lenke LG,Kuhns CA,Lehman RAJr,Kim YJ,Stewart D,Baldus C.Neurologic complications of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy:a 10-year assessment.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2007;32:2245-2252[PMID:17873818 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814b2d52]
7 Cho KJ,Bridwell KH,Lenke LG,Berra A,Baldus C.Comparison of Smith-Petersen versus pedicle subtraction osteotomy for the correction of fixed sagittal imbalance.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2005;30:2030-2037;discussion 2038[PMID:16166890 DOI:10.1097/01.brs.0000179085.92998.ee]
8 Kim YJ,Bridwell KH,Lenke LG,Cheh G,Baldus C.Results of lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomies for fixed sagittal imbalance:a minimum 5-year follow-up study.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2007;32:2189-2197[PMID:17873810 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814b8371]
9 Yang BP,Ondra SL,Chen LA,Jung HS,Koski TR,Salehi SA.Clinical and radiographic outcomes of thoracic and lumbar pedicle subtraction osteotomy for fixed sagittal imbalance.J Neurosurg Spine2006;5:9-17[PMID:16850951 DOI:10.3171/spi.2006.5.1.9]
10 Ikenaga M,Shikata J,Takemoto M,Tanaka C.Clinical outcomes and complications after pedicle subtraction osteotomy for correction of thoracolumbar kyphosis.J Neurosurg Spine 2007;6:330-336[PMID:17436922 DOI:10.3171/spi.2007.6.4.8]
11 Charosky S,Guigui P,Blamoutier A,Roussouly P,Chopin D;Study Group on Scoliosis.Complications and risk factors of primary adult scoliosis surgery:a multicenter study of 306 patients.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2012;37:693-700[PMID:22504517 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31822ff5c1]
12 Cho SK,Bridwell KH,Lenke LG,Yi JS,Pahys JM,Zebala LP,Kang MM,Cho W,Baldus CR.Major complications in revision adult deformity surgery:risk factors and clinical outcomes with 2-to 7-year follow-up.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2012;37:489-500[PMID:21587110DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3182217ab5]
13 Chang KW,Cheng CW,Chen HC,Chang KI,Chen TC.Closingopening wedge osteotomy for the treatment of sagittal imbalance.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2008;33:1470-1477[PMID:18520943 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181753bcd]
14 Smith JS,Shaffrey CI,Ames CP,Demakakos J,Fu KM,Keshavarzi S,Li CM,Deviren V,Schwab FJ,Lafage V,Bess S;International Spine Study Group.Assessment of symptomatic rod fracture after posterior instrumented fusion for adult spinal deformity.Neurosurgery 2012;71:862-867[PMID:22989960 DOI:10.1227/NEU.0b013e3182672aab]
15 Smith JS,Klineberg E,Lafage V,Shaffrey CI,Schwab F,Lafage R,Hostin R,Mundis GM Jr,Errico TJ,Kim HJ,Protopsaltis TS,Hamilton DK,Scheer JK,Soroceanu A,Kelly MP,Line B,Gupta M,Deviren V,Hart R,Burton DC,Bess S,Ames CP;International Spine Study Group.Prospective multicenter assessment of perioperative and minimum 2-year postoperative complication rates associated with adult spinal deformity surgery.J Neurosurg Spine 2016;25:1-14[PMID:26918574 DOI:10.3171/2015.11.SPINE151036]
16 Inoue S,Khashan M,Fujimori T,Berven SH.Analysis of mechanical failure associated with reoperation in spinal fusion to the sacrum in adult spinal deformity.J Orthop Sci 2015;20:609-616[PMID:25963608 DOI:10.1007/s00776-015-0729-1]
17 Daubs MD,Lenke LG,Cheh G,Stobbs G,Bridwell KH.Adult spinal deformity surgery:complications and outcomes in patients over age60.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2007;32:2238-2244[PMID:17873817DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814cf24a]
18 Emami A,Deviren V,Berven S,Smith JA,Hu SS,Bradford DS.Outcome and complications of long fusions to the sacrum in adult spine deformity:luque-galveston,combined iliac and sacral screws,and sacral fixation.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2002;27:776-786[PMID:11923673 DOI:10.1097/00007632-200204010-00017]
19 Cho KJ,Suk SI,Park SR,Kim JH,Kim SS,Choi WK,Lee KY,Lee SR.Complications in posterior fusion and instrumentation for degenerative lumbar scoliosis.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2007;32:2232-2237[PMID:17873816 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31814b2d3c]
20 Pichelmann MA,Lenke LG,Bridwell KH,Good CR,O’Leary PT,Sides BA.Revision rates following primary adult spinal deformity surgery:six hundred forty-three consecutive patients followed-up to twenty-two years postoperative.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2010;35:219-226[PMID:20038867 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181c91180]
21 Yadla S,Maltenfort MG,Ratliff JK,Harrop JS.Adult scoliosis surgery outcomes:a systematic review.Neurosurg Focus 2010;28:E3[PMID:20192664]
22 Blamoutier A,Guigui P,Charosky S,Roussouly P,Chopin D;Groupe d’étude de la Scoliose(GES).Surgery of lumbar and thoracolumbar scolioses in adults over 50.Morbidity and survival in a multicenter retrospective cohort of 180 patients with a mean follow-up of 4.5years.Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2012;98:528-535[PMID:22901524 DOI:10.1016/j.otsr.2012.04.014]
23 Auerbach JD,Lenke LG,Bridwell KH,Sehn JK,Milby AH,Bumpass D,Crawford CH 3rd,O Shaughnessy BA,Buchowski JM,Chang MS,Zebala LP,Sides BA.Major complications and comparison between 3-column osteotomy techniques in 105 consecutive spinal deformity procedures.Spine(Phila Pa 1976)2012;37:1198-1210[PMID:22366971 DOI:10.1097/BRS.0b013e31824fffde]
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