东沙西南海域表层沉积物底栖有孔虫群落特征及其对冷泉活动的指示意义
|
摘要
底栖有孔虫群落及其地球化学组成是海底冷泉区发育的重要指示标志之一。对南海北部东沙西南海域4个含碳酸盐结核表层沉积物样品进行了底栖有孔虫群落分析,以探讨该区底栖有孔虫对冷泉活动的响应特征。结果表明,该区底栖有孔虫群落组合总体具有玻璃壳含量高、胶结壳含量低的特征,主要属种以Cibicides pseudoungerianus,Globocassidulina subglobosa为主,其次Discanomalina semipunctata,Gyroidina soldani,Lenticulina orbicularis和Cibicides lobatulus也有较高含量。该区底栖有孔虫群落组成与邻近正常沉积区有显著差异,总体上含碳酸盐结核区底栖有孔虫以玻璃壳表生种为主,而正常沉积区的胶结壳和内生种则相对有较高含量。Cibicides属底栖有孔虫和D.semipunctata通常附生于蠕虫管壁、珊瑚枝或碳酸盐结核表面,它们在东沙西南区域大量出现可能与该区硬底质沉积密切相关。我们提出D.semipunctata可作为南海北部硬底质类型冷泉活动的指示标志。
The assemblage of benthic foraminifera and its geochemical components were regarded as an important indicator of ancient cold methane seepage.The study analyzed the benthic foraminiferal fauna of 4 surface sediments with carbonate nodules in the southwestern area off the Dongsha Islands,South China Sea,China.In the northern SCS,cold seep foraminifera community has high content of hyaline shell and low content of agglutinated form.The fauna are dominated by Cibicides pseudoungerianus,Globocassidulina subglobosa,and Discanomalina semipunctata,Gyroidina soldani,Lenticulina orbicularis and Cibicides lobatulus.Benthic foraminiferal faunal compositions are significantly different from those of the adjacent normal deposits,where agglutinated foraminifera and endobenthic foraminiferal species have relatively higher abundance.The emergence of Cibidides and D.semipunctatain the southwestern area off the Dongsha Islands,may be closely related to the hard-bottom depositions.Cibidides and D.semipunctata attach on the worm tube,coral branch and surface of the carbonate nodule to draw on the living advantages in the cold seep environment.We suggest that D.semipunctata be used as an indicator of the hard-bottom cold seepage in the SCS.
The assemblage of benthic foraminifera and its geochemical components were regarded as an important indicator of ancient cold methane seepage.The study analyzed the benthic foraminiferal fauna of 4 surface sediments with carbonate nodules in the southwestern area off the Dongsha Islands,South China Sea,China.In the northern SCS,cold seep foraminifera community has high content of hyaline shell and low content of agglutinated form.The fauna are dominated by Cibicides pseudoungerianus,Globocassidulina subglobosa,and Discanomalina semipunctata,Gyroidina soldani,Lenticulina orbicularis and Cibicides lobatulus.Benthic foraminiferal faunal compositions are significantly different from those of the adjacent normal deposits,where agglutinated foraminifera and endobenthic foraminiferal species have relatively higher abundance.The emergence of Cibidides and D.semipunctatain the southwestern area off the Dongsha Islands,may be closely related to the hard-bottom depositions.Cibidides and D.semipunctata attach on the worm tube,coral branch and surface of the carbonate nodule to draw on the living advantages in the cold seep environment.We suggest that D.semipunctata be used as an indicator of the hard-bottom cold seepage in the SCS.
引文
孔晓敏,2010.广东西部沿海沉积物中底栖有孔虫及其环境意义.中国科学院研究生院硕士学位论文
向荣,李铁刚,杨作升等,2003.冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布及其与海洋环境的关系.海洋与湖沼,34(6):671-682
向荣,李铁刚,杨作升等,2003.Benthic foraminiferal distribution in surface sediments along continental slope of the southern Okinawa Trough:dependance on water masses and food supply.海洋学报(英文版),22(1):133-144
向荣,刘芳,陈忠等,2010.冷泉区底栖有孔虫研究进展.地球科学进展,25(2):193-202
向荣,陈木宏,张兰兰等,2010.南海北部秋季活体浮游有孔虫的组成与分布.地球科学---中国地质大学学报,35(1):1-10
向荣,方力,陈忠等,2012.东沙西南海域表层底栖有孔虫碳同位素对冷泉活动的指示.海洋地质与第四纪地质,32(4):17-24
苏广庆,范时清,1987.南海中北部沉积成因类型.热带海洋学报,6(2):3-11
吴洁,刘春莲,杨婷婷等,2012.珠江口盆地表层沉积物有孔虫分布的环境指示意义及其在全新世古环境重建中的应用.全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议
陆红锋,刘坚,陈芳等,2005.南海台西南区碳酸盐岩矿物学和稳定同位素组成特征---天然气水合物存在的主要证据之一.地学前缘,12(3):268-276
陆红锋,陈芳,刘坚等,2006.南海北部神狐海区的自生碳酸盐岩烟囱---海底富烃流体活动的记录.地质论评,52(3):352-357
陈芳,苏新,陆红锋等,2007.南海北部浅表层沉积底栖有孔虫碳同位素及其对富甲烷环境的指示.海洋地质与第四纪地质,27(4):1-7
陈忠,颜文,陈木宏等,2006.南海北部大陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的发现:海底天然气渗漏活动的新证据.科学通报,51(9):1065-1072
陈忠,杨华平,黄奇瑜等,2008.南海东沙西南海域冷泉碳酸盐岩特征及其意义.现代地质,22(3):382-389
邸鹏飞,冯东,高立宝等,2008.海底冷泉流体渗漏的原位观测技术及冷泉活动特征.地球物理学进展,23(5):1592-1602
庞雄,陈长民,施和生等,2005.相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应.地学前缘,12(3):167-177
夏新宇,戴金星,宋岩,2001.海底天然气水合物气源及资源评价问题.天然气地球科学,12(1):11-15
阎贫,王彦林,郑红波等,2011.南海北部白云凹陷-东沙岛西南海区的浅地层探测与深水沉积特点.热带海洋学报,30(2):115-122
彭大钧,陈长民,庞雄等,2004.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现.石油学报,25(5):17-23
BERNHARD J M,2003.Potential symbionts in bathyal foraminifera.Science,299(5608):861
BURCH B L,BURCH T A,1995.Sessile foraminifera of the Hawaiian archipelago:apreliminary survey.Marine Micropaleontology,26(1-4):161-170
CAMPBELL K A,FARMER J D,MARAIS D D,1991.Ancient hydrocarbon seeps from the Mesozoic convergent margin of California:carbonate geochemistry,fluids and palaeoenvironments.Research&Education Association
CHEN Fang,SU Xin,LU Hongfeng et al.,2007.Carbon stable isotopic composition of benthic foraminifers from the north of the South China Sea:indicator of methane-rich environment.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,27(4):1-7
CHEN Zhong,YAN Wen,CHEN Muhong et al.,2006.Discovery of seep carbonate nodules as new evidence for gas venting on the northern continental slope of South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,51(9):1065-1072
CHEN Zhong,YANG Huaping,HUANG Qiyu et al.,2008.Diagenetic environment and implication of seep carbonate precipitations from the Southwestern Dongsha area,South China Sea.Geoscience,22(3):382-389
COLLETT T S,2002.Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates.Aapg Bulletin,86(11):1971-1992
DIMITROV L I,2002.Mud volcanoes---the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments.Earth-Science Reviews,59(1-4):49-76
DI Pengfei,FENG Dong,GAO Libao et al.,2008.In situ measurement of fluid flow and signatures of seep activity at marine seep sites.Progress In Geophysics,23(5):1592-1602
GIBSON R N,ATKINSON R J,GORDON J D Met al.,2005.Ecology of cold seep sediments:interactions of fauna with flow,chemistry and microbes.Oceanography&Marine Biology Annual Review,43:1-46
GUPTA BKS,BERNHARD J M,AHARON P et al.,1997.Foraminiferal colonization of hydrocarbon-seep bacterial mats and underlying sediment,Gulf of Mexico Slope.Journal of Foraminiferal Research,27(4):292-300
GUPTA BKS,SMITH L E,LOBEGEIER M K,2007.Attachment of Foraminifera to vestimentiferan tubeworms at cold seeps:Refuge from seafloor hypoxia and sulfide toxicity.Marine Micropaleontology,62(1):1-6
HAN X Q,SUESS E,HUANG Y Yet al.,2005.Jiulong methane reef:First direct evidence of methane seepage in the South China Sea.Geophysical Research Abstracts,7:4055
HAWKES A D,SCOTT D B,2004.Attached benthic Foraminifera as indicators of past and present distribution of the coral Primnoa resedaeformis on the Scotian Margin.Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
HEINZ P S,SOMMER O,FANNKUCHE P et al.,2005.Living benthic foraminifera in sediments influenced by gas hydrates at the Cascadia convergent margin,NE Pacific.Marine Ecology Progress,304(1):77-89
HUANG C Y,CHIEN C W,ZHAO Met al.,2006.Geological study of active cold seeps in the syn-collision accretionary prism Kaoping Slope off SW Taiwan.Terrestrial Atmospheric&Oceanic Sciences,17(4):679-702
JONES R W,1993.Preliminary Observations on Benthonic Foraminifera Associated with Biogenic Gas Seep in the North Sea
KAMINSKI M A,GRASSLE J F,WHITLATCH R B et al.,1988.Life history and recolonization among agglutinated foraminifera in the Panama Basin.41
KENNETT J P,CANNARIATO K G,HENDY I L et al.,2013.Methane Hydrates in Quaternary Climate Change:The Clathrate Gun Hypothesi.American Geophysical Union,1-9
KONG Xiaomin,2010.Benthic foraminifera in sediments off the coast of Guangdong Province and its environmental significance.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Master Degree Thesis
KUHNT W S,HESS,JIAN Z,1999.Quantitative composition of benthic foraminiferal assemblages as a proxy indicator for organic carbon flux rates in the South China Sea.Marine Geology,156(1):123-157
KVENVOLDEN K A,1993.Gas hydrates-geological perspective and global change.Reviews of Geophysics,31(2):173-187
LEVIN L,2005.Ecology of Cold Seep Sediments
LU Hongfeng,CHEN Fang,LIU Jian et al.,2006.Characteristics of authigenic carbonate chimneys in Shenhu area,northern South China Sea,recorders of hydrocarbon-enriched fluid activity.Geological Review,52(3):352-357
LU Hongfeng,LIU Jian,CHEN Fang et al.,2005.Mineralogy and stable isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates in bottom sediments in the offshore area of southwest Taiwan,South China Sea:evidence for gas hydrates occurrence.Earth Science Frontiers,12(3):268-276
MACKENSEN A J,WOLLENBURG,LICARI L,2006.Lowδ13Cin tests of live epibenthic and endobenthic foraminifera at a site of active methane seepage.Paleoceanography,21(2)
MARGRETH S A,GGEBERG R U,SPEZZAFERRI S,2009.Benthic foraminifera as bioindicator for cold-water coral reef eosystems along the Irish margin.Deep Sea Research Part IOceanographic Research Papers,56(12):2216-2234
MEDIOLI F S,SCOTT D B,1978.Emendation of the Genus Discanomalina Asano and Its Implications on the Taxonomy of Some of the Attached Foraminiferal Forms.Micropaleontology,24(3):291-302
MILKOV A V,CLAYPOOL G E,LEE Y J et al.,2003.In situ methane concentrations at Hydrate Ridge,offshore Oregon:New constraints on the global gas hydrate inventory from an active margin.Geology,31(10):804-806
PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,SHI Hesheng et al.,2005.Response between relative sea level change and the Pearl River deep-water fan system in the South China Sea.Earth Science Frontiers,12(3):167-177
PENG Dajun,CHEN Changmin,PANG Xiong et al.,2004.Discovery of deep-water fan system in South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,25(5):17-23
RATHBURN A E,LEVIN L A,HELD Z et al.,2000.Benthic foraminifera associated with cold methane seeps on the northern California margin:Ecology and stable isotopic composition.Marine Micropaleontology,38(3-4):247-266
RATHBURN A E,LEVIN L A,TRYON Met al.,2009.Geological and biological heterogeneity of the Aleutian margin(1965-4822m).Progress in Oceanography,80(1-2):22-50
SU Guangqing,FAN Shiqing,1987.Genetic types of sediments in central and northern South China Sea.Tropic Oceanology,6(2):3-11
WEFER G,HEINZE P M,BERGER W H,1994.Clues to ancient methane release.Nature,369(6478):282
WU Jie,LIU Chunlian,YANG Tingting et al.,2012.Environmental implication of foraminifera distribution in surface sediments of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its application to Holocene paleoenvironment reconstruction.International Palaeogeography Conference
XIA Xinyu,DAI Jinxin,SONG Yan,2001.Gas source and resource evaluation of the marine gas hydrate.Natural Gas Geoscience,12(1):11-15
XIANG Rong,CHEN Muhong,ZHANG Lanlan et al.,2010.Compositions and distribution of living planktonic foraminifera in autumn waters of the northern South China Sea.Earth Science---Journal of China University of Geosciences,35(1):1-10
XIANG Rong,FANG Li,CHEN Zhong et al.,2012.Carbon isotope of benthic foraminifera and its implications for cold seepage in the southwestern area off Dongsha Islands,South China Sea.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,32(4):17-24
XIANG Rong,LI Tiegang,YANG Zuoshen et al.,2003.Distribution of benthic foraminifera in surficial sediments from the northern Okinawa Trough and its relation to marine environment.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,34(6):671-682
XIANG Rong,LI Tiegang,YANG Zuoshen et al.,2003.Benthic foraminiferal distribution in surface sediments along continental slope of the southern Okinawa Trough:dependance on water masses and food supply.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,22(1):133-144
XIANG Rong,LIU Fang,CHEN Zhong et al.,2010.Recent progress in cold seep benthic foraminifera.Advances in Earth Science,25(2):193-202
YAN Pin,WANG Yanlin,ZHENG Hongbo et al.,2011.Characteristics of deep water sedimentation revealed by sub-bottom profiler survey over the Baiyun Sag-Southwest Dongsha Island Waters in the northern South China Sea.Journal of Tro-pical Oceanography,30(2):115-122
向荣,李铁刚,杨作升等,2003.冲绳海槽北部表层沉积物中底栖有孔虫分布及其与海洋环境的关系.海洋与湖沼,34(6):671-682
向荣,李铁刚,杨作升等,2003.Benthic foraminiferal distribution in surface sediments along continental slope of the southern Okinawa Trough:dependance on water masses and food supply.海洋学报(英文版),22(1):133-144
向荣,刘芳,陈忠等,2010.冷泉区底栖有孔虫研究进展.地球科学进展,25(2):193-202
向荣,陈木宏,张兰兰等,2010.南海北部秋季活体浮游有孔虫的组成与分布.地球科学---中国地质大学学报,35(1):1-10
向荣,方力,陈忠等,2012.东沙西南海域表层底栖有孔虫碳同位素对冷泉活动的指示.海洋地质与第四纪地质,32(4):17-24
苏广庆,范时清,1987.南海中北部沉积成因类型.热带海洋学报,6(2):3-11
吴洁,刘春莲,杨婷婷等,2012.珠江口盆地表层沉积物有孔虫分布的环境指示意义及其在全新世古环境重建中的应用.全国古地理学及沉积学学术会议
陆红锋,刘坚,陈芳等,2005.南海台西南区碳酸盐岩矿物学和稳定同位素组成特征---天然气水合物存在的主要证据之一.地学前缘,12(3):268-276
陆红锋,陈芳,刘坚等,2006.南海北部神狐海区的自生碳酸盐岩烟囱---海底富烃流体活动的记录.地质论评,52(3):352-357
陈芳,苏新,陆红锋等,2007.南海北部浅表层沉积底栖有孔虫碳同位素及其对富甲烷环境的指示.海洋地质与第四纪地质,27(4):1-7
陈忠,颜文,陈木宏等,2006.南海北部大陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的发现:海底天然气渗漏活动的新证据.科学通报,51(9):1065-1072
陈忠,杨华平,黄奇瑜等,2008.南海东沙西南海域冷泉碳酸盐岩特征及其意义.现代地质,22(3):382-389
邸鹏飞,冯东,高立宝等,2008.海底冷泉流体渗漏的原位观测技术及冷泉活动特征.地球物理学进展,23(5):1592-1602
庞雄,陈长民,施和生等,2005.相对海平面变化与南海珠江深水扇系统的响应.地学前缘,12(3):167-177
夏新宇,戴金星,宋岩,2001.海底天然气水合物气源及资源评价问题.天然气地球科学,12(1):11-15
阎贫,王彦林,郑红波等,2011.南海北部白云凹陷-东沙岛西南海区的浅地层探测与深水沉积特点.热带海洋学报,30(2):115-122
彭大钧,陈长民,庞雄等,2004.南海珠江口盆地深水扇系统的发现.石油学报,25(5):17-23
BERNHARD J M,2003.Potential symbionts in bathyal foraminifera.Science,299(5608):861
BURCH B L,BURCH T A,1995.Sessile foraminifera of the Hawaiian archipelago:apreliminary survey.Marine Micropaleontology,26(1-4):161-170
CAMPBELL K A,FARMER J D,MARAIS D D,1991.Ancient hydrocarbon seeps from the Mesozoic convergent margin of California:carbonate geochemistry,fluids and palaeoenvironments.Research&Education Association
CHEN Fang,SU Xin,LU Hongfeng et al.,2007.Carbon stable isotopic composition of benthic foraminifers from the north of the South China Sea:indicator of methane-rich environment.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,27(4):1-7
CHEN Zhong,YAN Wen,CHEN Muhong et al.,2006.Discovery of seep carbonate nodules as new evidence for gas venting on the northern continental slope of South China Sea.Chinese Science Bulletin,51(9):1065-1072
CHEN Zhong,YANG Huaping,HUANG Qiyu et al.,2008.Diagenetic environment and implication of seep carbonate precipitations from the Southwestern Dongsha area,South China Sea.Geoscience,22(3):382-389
COLLETT T S,2002.Energy resource potential of natural gas hydrates.Aapg Bulletin,86(11):1971-1992
DIMITROV L I,2002.Mud volcanoes---the most important pathway for degassing deeply buried sediments.Earth-Science Reviews,59(1-4):49-76
DI Pengfei,FENG Dong,GAO Libao et al.,2008.In situ measurement of fluid flow and signatures of seep activity at marine seep sites.Progress In Geophysics,23(5):1592-1602
GIBSON R N,ATKINSON R J,GORDON J D Met al.,2005.Ecology of cold seep sediments:interactions of fauna with flow,chemistry and microbes.Oceanography&Marine Biology Annual Review,43:1-46
GUPTA BKS,BERNHARD J M,AHARON P et al.,1997.Foraminiferal colonization of hydrocarbon-seep bacterial mats and underlying sediment,Gulf of Mexico Slope.Journal of Foraminiferal Research,27(4):292-300
GUPTA BKS,SMITH L E,LOBEGEIER M K,2007.Attachment of Foraminifera to vestimentiferan tubeworms at cold seeps:Refuge from seafloor hypoxia and sulfide toxicity.Marine Micropaleontology,62(1):1-6
HAN X Q,SUESS E,HUANG Y Yet al.,2005.Jiulong methane reef:First direct evidence of methane seepage in the South China Sea.Geophysical Research Abstracts,7:4055
HAWKES A D,SCOTT D B,2004.Attached benthic Foraminifera as indicators of past and present distribution of the coral Primnoa resedaeformis on the Scotian Margin.Springer Berlin Heidelberg.
HEINZ P S,SOMMER O,FANNKUCHE P et al.,2005.Living benthic foraminifera in sediments influenced by gas hydrates at the Cascadia convergent margin,NE Pacific.Marine Ecology Progress,304(1):77-89
HUANG C Y,CHIEN C W,ZHAO Met al.,2006.Geological study of active cold seeps in the syn-collision accretionary prism Kaoping Slope off SW Taiwan.Terrestrial Atmospheric&Oceanic Sciences,17(4):679-702
JONES R W,1993.Preliminary Observations on Benthonic Foraminifera Associated with Biogenic Gas Seep in the North Sea
KAMINSKI M A,GRASSLE J F,WHITLATCH R B et al.,1988.Life history and recolonization among agglutinated foraminifera in the Panama Basin.41
KENNETT J P,CANNARIATO K G,HENDY I L et al.,2013.Methane Hydrates in Quaternary Climate Change:The Clathrate Gun Hypothesi.American Geophysical Union,1-9
KONG Xiaomin,2010.Benthic foraminifera in sediments off the coast of Guangdong Province and its environmental significance.Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Master Degree Thesis
KUHNT W S,HESS,JIAN Z,1999.Quantitative composition of benthic foraminiferal assemblages as a proxy indicator for organic carbon flux rates in the South China Sea.Marine Geology,156(1):123-157
KVENVOLDEN K A,1993.Gas hydrates-geological perspective and global change.Reviews of Geophysics,31(2):173-187
LEVIN L,2005.Ecology of Cold Seep Sediments
LU Hongfeng,CHEN Fang,LIU Jian et al.,2006.Characteristics of authigenic carbonate chimneys in Shenhu area,northern South China Sea,recorders of hydrocarbon-enriched fluid activity.Geological Review,52(3):352-357
LU Hongfeng,LIU Jian,CHEN Fang et al.,2005.Mineralogy and stable isotopic composition of authigenic carbonates in bottom sediments in the offshore area of southwest Taiwan,South China Sea:evidence for gas hydrates occurrence.Earth Science Frontiers,12(3):268-276
MACKENSEN A J,WOLLENBURG,LICARI L,2006.Lowδ13Cin tests of live epibenthic and endobenthic foraminifera at a site of active methane seepage.Paleoceanography,21(2)
MARGRETH S A,GGEBERG R U,SPEZZAFERRI S,2009.Benthic foraminifera as bioindicator for cold-water coral reef eosystems along the Irish margin.Deep Sea Research Part IOceanographic Research Papers,56(12):2216-2234
MEDIOLI F S,SCOTT D B,1978.Emendation of the Genus Discanomalina Asano and Its Implications on the Taxonomy of Some of the Attached Foraminiferal Forms.Micropaleontology,24(3):291-302
MILKOV A V,CLAYPOOL G E,LEE Y J et al.,2003.In situ methane concentrations at Hydrate Ridge,offshore Oregon:New constraints on the global gas hydrate inventory from an active margin.Geology,31(10):804-806
PANG Xiong,CHEN Changmin,SHI Hesheng et al.,2005.Response between relative sea level change and the Pearl River deep-water fan system in the South China Sea.Earth Science Frontiers,12(3):167-177
PENG Dajun,CHEN Changmin,PANG Xiong et al.,2004.Discovery of deep-water fan system in South China Sea.Acta Petrolei Sinica,25(5):17-23
RATHBURN A E,LEVIN L A,HELD Z et al.,2000.Benthic foraminifera associated with cold methane seeps on the northern California margin:Ecology and stable isotopic composition.Marine Micropaleontology,38(3-4):247-266
RATHBURN A E,LEVIN L A,TRYON Met al.,2009.Geological and biological heterogeneity of the Aleutian margin(1965-4822m).Progress in Oceanography,80(1-2):22-50
SU Guangqing,FAN Shiqing,1987.Genetic types of sediments in central and northern South China Sea.Tropic Oceanology,6(2):3-11
WEFER G,HEINZE P M,BERGER W H,1994.Clues to ancient methane release.Nature,369(6478):282
WU Jie,LIU Chunlian,YANG Tingting et al.,2012.Environmental implication of foraminifera distribution in surface sediments of the Pearl River Mouth Basin and its application to Holocene paleoenvironment reconstruction.International Palaeogeography Conference
XIA Xinyu,DAI Jinxin,SONG Yan,2001.Gas source and resource evaluation of the marine gas hydrate.Natural Gas Geoscience,12(1):11-15
XIANG Rong,CHEN Muhong,ZHANG Lanlan et al.,2010.Compositions and distribution of living planktonic foraminifera in autumn waters of the northern South China Sea.Earth Science---Journal of China University of Geosciences,35(1):1-10
XIANG Rong,FANG Li,CHEN Zhong et al.,2012.Carbon isotope of benthic foraminifera and its implications for cold seepage in the southwestern area off Dongsha Islands,South China Sea.Marine Geology&Quaternary Geology,32(4):17-24
XIANG Rong,LI Tiegang,YANG Zuoshen et al.,2003.Distribution of benthic foraminifera in surficial sediments from the northern Okinawa Trough and its relation to marine environment.Oceanologia et Limnologia Sinica,34(6):671-682
XIANG Rong,LI Tiegang,YANG Zuoshen et al.,2003.Benthic foraminiferal distribution in surface sediments along continental slope of the southern Okinawa Trough:dependance on water masses and food supply.Acta Oceanologica Sinica,22(1):133-144
XIANG Rong,LIU Fang,CHEN Zhong et al.,2010.Recent progress in cold seep benthic foraminifera.Advances in Earth Science,25(2):193-202
YAN Pin,WANG Yanlin,ZHENG Hongbo et al.,2011.Characteristics of deep water sedimentation revealed by sub-bottom profiler survey over the Baiyun Sag-Southwest Dongsha Island Waters in the northern South China Sea.Journal of Tro-pical Oceanography,30(2):115-122
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |