山东晚白垩世一新的巨龙类恐龙
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摘要
记述了产自山东诸城上白垩统王氏群中一个较完整的蜥脚类恐龙肱骨(ZJZ-57)。它具有一些进步特征,如肱骨三角胸嵴向远端扩展,肱骨近端外侧1/3处发育隆凸,表明其属于较进步的巨龙类成员。另外,它具有一些独特的鉴定特征组合区别于其他任何巨龙类:近端横向强烈扩展,近端最大宽度与骨干长度之比为0.55;骨干粗壮,粗壮指数为0.39。综合研究表明,ZJZ-57所属个体代表了一种新的巨龙类恐龙:臧家庄诸城巨龙(Zhuchengtitan zangjiazhuangensis gen.et sp.nov.),它可能与Opisthocoelicaudia的亲缘关系较接近。这是山东晚白垩世地层中首次发现的巨龙类恐龙。
Specimen ZJZ-57, a nearly complete sauropod humerus excavated from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group of Zhucheng area, Shandong Province, is described in this paper. Some derived features, such as a lateral bulge at the proximal onethird position of the lateral margin and a deltopectoral crest markedly expanded distally, indicate that ZJZ-57 represents a member of Titanosauria. However, it differs from all other titanosaurian sauropods in the following combined features: the proximal portion is strongly expanded, reaching 55% of the total length of the bone, and the humerus is a robust bone, with a robustness index(RI) of0.39. Based on this specimen, the authors erect a new sauropod taxon: Zhuchengtitan zangjiazhuangensis gen. et sp. nov. This new taxon is possibly more closely related to Opisthocoelicaudia than to other known titanosaurian sauropods from Asia. This is the first titanosaurian sauropod reported from the Upper Cretaceous strata of Shandong Province.
Specimen ZJZ-57, a nearly complete sauropod humerus excavated from the Upper Cretaceous Wangshi Group of Zhucheng area, Shandong Province, is described in this paper. Some derived features, such as a lateral bulge at the proximal onethird position of the lateral margin and a deltopectoral crest markedly expanded distally, indicate that ZJZ-57 represents a member of Titanosauria. However, it differs from all other titanosaurian sauropods in the following combined features: the proximal portion is strongly expanded, reaching 55% of the total length of the bone, and the humerus is a robust bone, with a robustness index(RI) of0.39. Based on this specimen, the authors erect a new sauropod taxon: Zhuchengtitan zangjiazhuangensis gen. et sp. nov. This new taxon is possibly more closely related to Opisthocoelicaudia than to other known titanosaurian sauropods from Asia. This is the first titanosaurian sauropod reported from the Upper Cretaceous strata of Shandong Province.
引文
[1]胡承志.山东诸城巨型鸭嘴龙化石[J].地质学报,1973,(2):179-206.
[2]胡承志,程政武,庞其清,等.巨型山东龙[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-139.
[3]赵喜进,李敦景,韩岗,等.山东的巨大诸城龙[J].地球学报,2007,28(2):111-122.
[4]赵喜进,王克柏,李敦景.巨大华夏龙[J].地质通报,2011,30(11):1671-1688.
[5]Xu X,Wang K B,Zhao X J,et al.First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(16):1631-1635.
[6]Xu X,Wang K B,Zhao X J,et al.A new leptoceratopsid(Ornithischia:Ceratopsia)from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong,China and its implications for neoceratopsian evolution[J].Plos One,2010,5(11):e13825.
[7]Hone D W E,Wang K B,Sullivan C,et al.A new,large tyrannosaurine theropod from the Upper Cretaceous of China[J].Cretaceous Research,2011,32(4):495-503.
[8]He Y M,Makovicky P J,Wang K B,et al.A new leptoceratopsid(Ornithischia,Ceratopsia)with a unique ischium from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong Province,China[J].Plos One,2015,10(12):e0144148.
[9]Li L,Tong H Y,Wang K B,et al.Lindholmemydid turtles(Cryptodira:Testudinoidea)from the Late Cretaceous of Shandong Province,China[J].Annales de Paléontologie,2013,99(3):243-259.
[10]Wiman C.Die Kreide-Dinosaurier aus Shantung[M].Paleontologica Sinica,Series C,1929,6(1):1-67.
[11]杨钟健.山东莱阳恐龙化石[C]//中国古生物志(142册),新丙种(16).北京:科学出版社,1958:1-138.
[12]董枝明.山东莱阳王氏组中一肿头龙[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1978,16(4):225-228.
[13]Buffetaut E,Tong H Y.The Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Shandong,China:old finds and new interpretations[C]//Sun A L,Wang Y Q.Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1995:139-142.
[14]杨钟健.山东莱阳蛋化石[J].古生物学报,1954,2:371-388.
[15]赵资奎,蒋元凯.山东莱阳恐龙蛋化石的显微结构研究[J].中国科学,1974,(1):63-77.
[16]刘金远,赵资奎.山东莱阳晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石一新类型[J].古脊椎动物学报,2004,42:166-170.
[17]柳永清,旷红伟,彭楠,等.鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋藏地沉积相与埋藏学初步研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(4):457-468.
[18]Gilmore C W.Reptilian fauna of the North Horn Formation of central Utah[J].United States Geological Survey Professional Paper,1946,210-C:29-51.
[19]Lawson D A.Paleoecology of the Tornillo Formation,Big Bend National Park,Brewster County,Texas[D].Unpublished M.A.thesis,University of Texas at Austin,1972:1-182.
[20]Lehman T M,Coulson A B.A juvenile specimen of the sauropod dinosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park,Texas[J].Journal of Paleontology,2002,76:156-172.
[21]Huene F Von.Los Saurisquiosy Ornithisquios de Cretaceo Argentino[M].Anales del Museo de La Plata(series 2),1929,3:1-196.
[22]Powell J E.Revision de los titanosauridos de America del Sur[D].Unpublished Ph.D.dissertation,Universidad Nacional de Tucuman,Argentina,1986:1-493.
[23]Powell J E.Osteología de Saltasaurus loricatus(Sauropoda-Titanosauridae)del Cretácico superior des noroeste Argentino[C]//Sanz J L,Buscalioni A D.Los Dinosaurios y su Entornoe Biotico.Actas del Segundo Curso de Paleontología en Cuenca,Instituto“Juan de Valdes.”Cuenca,Spain,1992:165-230.
[24]Borsuk-Bialynicka M.A new camarasaurid sauropod,Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynski gen.n.sp.n.from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia[J].Palaeontologia Polonica,1977,37:1-64.
[25]莫进尤,黄超林,赵仲如,等.中国广西晚白垩世一新的巨龙类恐龙[J].古脊椎动物学报,2008,46(2):147-156.
[26]Pang Q Q,Cheng Z W.A new family of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Tianzhen,Shanxi Province,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2000,74(2):117-125.
[27]D’Emic M D,Mannion P D,Upchurch P,et al.Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus(Sauropoda:Titanosauriformes)from the Upper Cretaceous of China[J].Plos One,2013,8(8):e69375.
[28]Wilson J A.Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny:critique and cladistic analysis[J].Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society,2002,136:217-276.
[29]D’Emic M D.The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs[J].Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society,2012,166:624-671.
[30]You H L,Ji Q,Matthew C L,et al.A titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur with opisthocoelous caudal vertebrae from the early Late Cretaceous of Liaoning Province,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(4):907-911.
[31]Martin V,Buffetaut E,Suteethorn V.A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation(Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous)of North-eastern Thailand[J].Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris,1994,319(2):1085-1092.
[32]Martin V,Suteethorn V,Buffetaut E.Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin,Buffetaut and Suteethorn,1994,a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand[J].Oryctos,1999,2:39-91.
[2]胡承志,程政武,庞其清,等.巨型山东龙[M].北京:地质出版社,2001:1-139.
[3]赵喜进,李敦景,韩岗,等.山东的巨大诸城龙[J].地球学报,2007,28(2):111-122.
[4]赵喜进,王克柏,李敦景.巨大华夏龙[J].地质通报,2011,30(11):1671-1688.
[5]Xu X,Wang K B,Zhao X J,et al.First ceratopsid dinosaur from China and its biogeographical implications[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2010,55(16):1631-1635.
[6]Xu X,Wang K B,Zhao X J,et al.A new leptoceratopsid(Ornithischia:Ceratopsia)from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong,China and its implications for neoceratopsian evolution[J].Plos One,2010,5(11):e13825.
[7]Hone D W E,Wang K B,Sullivan C,et al.A new,large tyrannosaurine theropod from the Upper Cretaceous of China[J].Cretaceous Research,2011,32(4):495-503.
[8]He Y M,Makovicky P J,Wang K B,et al.A new leptoceratopsid(Ornithischia,Ceratopsia)with a unique ischium from the Upper Cretaceous of Shandong Province,China[J].Plos One,2015,10(12):e0144148.
[9]Li L,Tong H Y,Wang K B,et al.Lindholmemydid turtles(Cryptodira:Testudinoidea)from the Late Cretaceous of Shandong Province,China[J].Annales de Paléontologie,2013,99(3):243-259.
[10]Wiman C.Die Kreide-Dinosaurier aus Shantung[M].Paleontologica Sinica,Series C,1929,6(1):1-67.
[11]杨钟健.山东莱阳恐龙化石[C]//中国古生物志(142册),新丙种(16).北京:科学出版社,1958:1-138.
[12]董枝明.山东莱阳王氏组中一肿头龙[J].古脊椎动物与古人类,1978,16(4):225-228.
[13]Buffetaut E,Tong H Y.The Late Cretaceous dinosaurs of Shandong,China:old finds and new interpretations[C]//Sun A L,Wang Y Q.Sixth Symposium on Mesozoic Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biota.Beijing:China Ocean Press,1995:139-142.
[14]杨钟健.山东莱阳蛋化石[J].古生物学报,1954,2:371-388.
[15]赵资奎,蒋元凯.山东莱阳恐龙蛋化石的显微结构研究[J].中国科学,1974,(1):63-77.
[16]刘金远,赵资奎.山东莱阳晚白垩世恐龙蛋化石一新类型[J].古脊椎动物学报,2004,42:166-170.
[17]柳永清,旷红伟,彭楠,等.鲁东诸城地区晚白垩世恐龙集群埋藏地沉积相与埋藏学初步研究[J].地质论评,2010,56(4):457-468.
[18]Gilmore C W.Reptilian fauna of the North Horn Formation of central Utah[J].United States Geological Survey Professional Paper,1946,210-C:29-51.
[19]Lawson D A.Paleoecology of the Tornillo Formation,Big Bend National Park,Brewster County,Texas[D].Unpublished M.A.thesis,University of Texas at Austin,1972:1-182.
[20]Lehman T M,Coulson A B.A juvenile specimen of the sauropod dinosaur Alamosaurus sanjuanensis from the Upper Cretaceous of Big Bend National Park,Texas[J].Journal of Paleontology,2002,76:156-172.
[21]Huene F Von.Los Saurisquiosy Ornithisquios de Cretaceo Argentino[M].Anales del Museo de La Plata(series 2),1929,3:1-196.
[22]Powell J E.Revision de los titanosauridos de America del Sur[D].Unpublished Ph.D.dissertation,Universidad Nacional de Tucuman,Argentina,1986:1-493.
[23]Powell J E.Osteología de Saltasaurus loricatus(Sauropoda-Titanosauridae)del Cretácico superior des noroeste Argentino[C]//Sanz J L,Buscalioni A D.Los Dinosaurios y su Entornoe Biotico.Actas del Segundo Curso de Paleontología en Cuenca,Instituto“Juan de Valdes.”Cuenca,Spain,1992:165-230.
[24]Borsuk-Bialynicka M.A new camarasaurid sauropod,Opisthocoelicaudia skarzynski gen.n.sp.n.from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia[J].Palaeontologia Polonica,1977,37:1-64.
[25]莫进尤,黄超林,赵仲如,等.中国广西晚白垩世一新的巨龙类恐龙[J].古脊椎动物学报,2008,46(2):147-156.
[26]Pang Q Q,Cheng Z W.A new family of sauropod dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous of Tianzhen,Shanxi Province,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2000,74(2):117-125.
[27]D’Emic M D,Mannion P D,Upchurch P,et al.Osteology of Huabeisaurus allocotus(Sauropoda:Titanosauriformes)from the Upper Cretaceous of China[J].Plos One,2013,8(8):e69375.
[28]Wilson J A.Sauropod dinosaur phylogeny:critique and cladistic analysis[J].Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society,2002,136:217-276.
[29]D’Emic M D.The early evolution of titanosauriform sauropod dinosaurs[J].Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society,2012,166:624-671.
[30]You H L,Ji Q,Matthew C L,et al.A titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur with opisthocoelous caudal vertebrae from the early Late Cretaceous of Liaoning Province,China[J].Acta Geologica Sinica,2004,78(4):907-911.
[31]Martin V,Buffetaut E,Suteethorn V.A new genus of sauropod dinosaur from the Sao Khua Formation(Late Jurassic or Early Cretaceous)of North-eastern Thailand[J].Comptes Rendus de l’Académie des Sciences de Paris,1994,319(2):1085-1092.
[32]Martin V,Suteethorn V,Buffetaut E.Description of the type and referred material of Phuwiangosaurus sirindhornae Martin,Buffetaut and Suteethorn,1994,a sauropod from the Lower Cretaceous of Thailand[J].Oryctos,1999,2:39-91.
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