浅埋偏压小净距隧道加速度响应规律试验与数值模拟研究
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摘要
为了获得浅埋偏压小净距隧道在地震作用下的加速度响应规律,采用振动台试验与数值模拟相结合的方法,以双向大瑞波(DR-XZ)作为加载波,研究了在不同加速度激振峰值作用下浅埋偏压小净距隧道的加速度响应规律,探讨了非偏压与偏压对浅埋小净距隧道加速度响应的影响。研究结果表明:在双向加载波水平方向上隧道的右半拱加速度响应较为强烈,竖直方向上拱顶与拱脚处加速度响应较为强烈;相对比隧道在加载波的水平方向上加速度响应,竖直方向上隧道加速度响应较为剧烈;地震波的激振方向对隧道加速度响应有较大的影响;隧道测点加速度响应变化趋势受上覆岩层的厚度、中岩柱及岩质边坡等因素影响;振动台试验值与数值模拟值之间的误差在合理的范围内,且两者变化趋势较为相似,验证了振动台试验的合理性与数值模拟结果的可靠性;相对于偏压隧道,非偏压隧道的加速度响应规律性较强,偏压对隧道加速度响应的影响作用较强。
In order to obtain dynamic response laws of a shallow buried small spacing tunnel with asymmetrical pressure under earthquake action,the combination method of shaking table tests and numerical simulation was used to study acceleration response laws of the tunnel under the acceleration excitation of the bi-direction Da Rui wave( DR-XZ)with different peaks. The effects of asymmetrical pressure and symmetrical one on the acceleration response of the shallowburied small spacing tunnel were explored. The results showed that in the horizontal direction of the bi-direction loading wave,the acceleration response of the right half arch of the tunnel is stronger; in the vertical direction of the load wave,the acceleration response of the arch top and arch foot is more severe; compared with the acceleration response of the tunnel in the horizontal direction of the bi-direction loading wave,its acceleration response in the vertical direction is more severe; the excitation direction of seismic wave has a bigger influence on the acceleration response of the tunnel; the tunnel acceleration response change trend is affected by the factors of overburden thickness,middle rock pillar,rock slope and so on; the errors between shaking table test data and numerical simulation ones are in a reasonable range,both data change trends are similar,the rationality of shaking table test data and the reliability of numerical simulation ones were verified; compared with a tunnel with an asymmetrical pressure,the regularity of acceleration responses of a tunnel with a symmetrical pressure is more obvious,the asymmetrical pressure has a stronger effect on tunnel's acceleration responses.
In order to obtain dynamic response laws of a shallow buried small spacing tunnel with asymmetrical pressure under earthquake action,the combination method of shaking table tests and numerical simulation was used to study acceleration response laws of the tunnel under the acceleration excitation of the bi-direction Da Rui wave( DR-XZ)with different peaks. The effects of asymmetrical pressure and symmetrical one on the acceleration response of the shallowburied small spacing tunnel were explored. The results showed that in the horizontal direction of the bi-direction loading wave,the acceleration response of the right half arch of the tunnel is stronger; in the vertical direction of the load wave,the acceleration response of the arch top and arch foot is more severe; compared with the acceleration response of the tunnel in the horizontal direction of the bi-direction loading wave,its acceleration response in the vertical direction is more severe; the excitation direction of seismic wave has a bigger influence on the acceleration response of the tunnel; the tunnel acceleration response change trend is affected by the factors of overburden thickness,middle rock pillar,rock slope and so on; the errors between shaking table test data and numerical simulation ones are in a reasonable range,both data change trends are similar,the rationality of shaking table test data and the reliability of numerical simulation ones were verified; compared with a tunnel with an asymmetrical pressure,the regularity of acceleration responses of a tunnel with a symmetrical pressure is more obvious,the asymmetrical pressure has a stronger effect on tunnel's acceleration responses.
引文
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[20]陈国兴,王志华,左熹,等.振动台试验叠层剪切型土箱的研制[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(1):89-97.CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua,ZUO Xi,et al.Development of laminar shear soil container for shaking table tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(1):89-97.
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[23]杨果林,申权,杨啸,等.基覆边坡支挡结构的加速度放大系数数值与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):374-381.YANG Guolin,SHEN Quan,YANG Xiao,et al.Numerical and experimental study on amplification coefficient of acceleration of retaining structures of bedrock and overburden layer slopes[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer,2015,34(2):374-381.
[2]徐华,李天斌,王栋,等.山岭隧道地震动力响应规律的三维振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2013,32(9):1762-1771.XU Hua,LI Tianbin,WANG Dong,et al.Study of seismic responses of mountain tunnels with 3D shaking table model test[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2013,32(9):1762-1771.
[3]李林,何川,耿萍,等.浅埋偏压洞口段隧道地震响应振动台模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2011,30(12):2540-2548.LI Lin,HE Chuan,GENG Ping,et al.Study of shaking table model test for seismic response of portal section of shallow unsymmetrical loading tunnel[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2011,30(12):2540-2548.
[4]陶连金,侯森,赵旭,等.不同仰坡度数的山岭隧道洞口段动力响应振动台试验研究[J].岩土力学,2014,35(增刊1):91-98.TAO Lianjin,HOU Sen,ZHAO Xu,et al.Large-scale shaking table test for dynamic response in portal section of mountain tunnel with different gradients of upward slope[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2014,35(Sup 1):91-98.
[5]汪树华,高波,王英学,等.高烈度地震区山岭隧道动力响应规律及抗震措施分析研究[J].现代隧道技术,2013,50(5):60-67.WANG Shuhua,GAO Bo,WANG Yingxue,et al.Analysis and research of the dynamic response rule and anti-seismic measures for mountain tunnels in a high-intensity earthquake Area[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2013,50(5):60-67.
[6]孙铁成,王峥峥,王伟,等.双洞错距隧道洞口段地震动力响应数值模拟分析[J].北京工业大学学报,2013,39(2):220-226.SUN Tiecheng,WANG Zhengzheng,WANG Wei,et al.Numerical simulation analysis of seismic dynamic response of tunnel portal section with double holes[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2013,39(2):220-226.
[7]蒙国往,周佳媚,高波.纤维混凝土隧道衬砌地震动力响应特性的振动台试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2016,35(6):1173-1181.MENG Guowang,ZHOU Jiamei,GAO Bo.Seismic responses of fiber reinforced concrete tunnel lining with shaking table test[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2016,35(6):1173-1181.
[8]MEYMAND P J.Shaking table scale model tests of nonlinear soil-pile-super structure interaction in soft clay[D].University of California,Berkeley 1998.
[9]IAI S.Similitude for shaking table tests on soil-structure-fluid model in 1-g gravitational field[J].Soils and Foundations,1989,29(1):105-108.
[10]罗先启,程圣国,牛恩宽.滑坡物理模型试验畸变修正及应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):3082-3088.LUO Xianqi,CHENG Shengguo,NIU Enkuan.Research on aberration correction and application in Landslide geomechanical model test[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(Sup1):3082-3088.
[11]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来.软土地铁车站结构的振动台模型试验[J].现代隧道技术,2003(1):7-11.YANG Linde,JI Qianqian,ZHENG Yonglai.Shaking table test on metro station structures in soft soil[J].Modern Tunnelling Technology,2003(1):7-11.
[12]陈国兴,庄海洋,程绍革,等.土-地铁隧道动力相互作用的大型振动台试验:试验方案设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(6):178-183.CHEN Guoxing,ZHUANG Haiyang,CHENG Shaoge,et al.A large-scale shaking table test for dynamic soil-metro tunnel interaction test scheme[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(6):178-183.
[13]杨林德,季倩倩,郑永来,等.地铁车站结构振动台试验中模型箱设计的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):75-78.YANG Linde,JI Qianqian,ZHENG Yonglai,et al.Study of design of test box in shaking table test for subway station structure in soft soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):75-78.
[14]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.公路隧道设计规范:JTG D70—2004[S].北京:人民交通出版社,2004.
[15]何川,张景,李林,等.隧道穿越断层破碎带震害机理研究[J].岩土工程学报,2014(3):427-434.HE Chuan,ZHANG Jing,LI Lin,et al.Seismic damages mechanism of tunnels through fault zones[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2014(3):427-434.
[16]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.建筑抗震设计规范:GB50011—2010[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011.
[17]黄浩华.地震模拟振动台的设计与应用技术[M].北京:地震出版社,2008.
[18]何敏娟,梁峰,马人乐.大型超高钢结构电视塔模拟地震振动台试验研究[J].振动与冲击,2010,29(1):77-80.HE Minjuan,LIANG Feng,MA Renle.Shaking table test for a super high steel TV tower[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2010,29(1):77-80.
[19]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.铁路工程抗震设计规范:GB50011—2006[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009.
[20]陈国兴,王志华,左熹,等.振动台试验叠层剪切型土箱的研制[J].岩土工程学报,2010,32(1):89-97.CHEN Guoxing,WANG Zhihua,ZUO Xi,et al.Development of laminar shear soil container for shaking table tests[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2010,32(1):89-97.
[21]LYSMER J,KUHLEMEYER R L.Finite dynamic model for infinite media[J].Journal of the Engineering Mechanics.ASCE,1969,95(4):859-877.
[22]江学良,祝中林,杨慧,等.含隧道岩石边坡在地震作用下动力响应特性研究[J].自然灾害学报,2016,25(2):94-102.JIANG Xueliang,ZHU Zhonglin,YANG Hui,et al.Study on dynamic response characteristics of rock slope with tunnel under earthquake[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,2016,25(2):94-102.
[23]杨果林,申权,杨啸,等.基覆边坡支挡结构的加速度放大系数数值与试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2015,34(2):374-381.YANG Guolin,SHEN Quan,YANG Xiao,et al.Numerical and experimental study on amplification coefficient of acceleration of retaining structures of bedrock and overburden layer slopes[J].Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer,2015,34(2):374-381.
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