含电动汽车和储能系统的微网能量优化管理
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摘要
针对含电动汽车(ElectricVehicle,EV)和储能系统(EnergyStorageSystem,ESS)的微网,提出计及EV和ESS经济调度的微网能量优化管理策略。以日综合运行成本最小为目标,考虑分时电价、分布式电源(DistributedGenerator,DG)出力及负荷时序特性,制定考虑购售电电价差的储能经济调度策略,考虑联网交互功率约束与孤岛供电可靠性约束,建立经济性最优的微网能量管理模型。采用粒子群算法(ParticleSwarmOptimization,PSO)与二次序列规划算法(SequentialQuadraticProgramming,SQP)相结合的混合算法对模型进行求解。在14节点微网中对模型进行仿真,研究EV和ESS优化调度对微网运行经济性的影响。仿真结果表明,本文提出的ESS经济调度方法和微网能量管理策略在有效减少微网综合运行成本的同时,可显著提高微网孤岛供电可靠性,为含EV和ESS的微网能量管理提供了新思路。
This paper presents an economic energy management strategy for microgrid towards the design of a cost-efficient and reliable microgrid considering electric vehicles(EVs) and energy storage system(ESS).The proposed strategy includes consideration of EV fleet's charging demand and vehicle-to-grid(V2G) service in both connected and islanded operation.Given the fluctuating characteristics of distributed generation,load and time-of-use electricity price,economic power dispatch of ESS is mainly considered in the model.A particle swarm optimization(PSO)-based sequential quadratic programming(SQP) algorithm is employed to solve the model,with the objective of minimizing the daily comprehensive cost subject to connected interactive power constraint and islanded power supply reliability constraint.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by case studies in a 14-node microgrid and corresponding analysis demonstrates the influence of EV fleet and ESS power dispatch on the economy of microgrid operation.The simulation results indicate that the proposed economic dispatch strategy can not only effectively reduce the comprehensive operation cost,but also improve the islanding power supply reliability,which provides new ideas for microgrid energy management with EVs and ESS.
This paper presents an economic energy management strategy for microgrid towards the design of a cost-efficient and reliable microgrid considering electric vehicles(EVs) and energy storage system(ESS).The proposed strategy includes consideration of EV fleet's charging demand and vehicle-to-grid(V2G) service in both connected and islanded operation.Given the fluctuating characteristics of distributed generation,load and time-of-use electricity price,economic power dispatch of ESS is mainly considered in the model.A particle swarm optimization(PSO)-based sequential quadratic programming(SQP) algorithm is employed to solve the model,with the objective of minimizing the daily comprehensive cost subject to connected interactive power constraint and islanded power supply reliability constraint.The effectiveness of the proposed approach is validated by case studies in a 14-node microgrid and corresponding analysis demonstrates the influence of EV fleet and ESS power dispatch on the economy of microgrid operation.The simulation results indicate that the proposed economic dispatch strategy can not only effectively reduce the comprehensive operation cost,but also improve the islanding power supply reliability,which provides new ideas for microgrid energy management with EVs and ESS.
引文
[1]MOHAMMAD H.M.,MOHSEN E,S.MAHDI H.Operational strategy optimization in an optimal sized smart microgrid[J].IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2015,6(3):1087-1095.
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[8]曹成琦,王欣,秦斌,等.车载超级电容储能系统和逆变回馈系统协调控制[J].新型工业化,2016,6(10):10-14.CAO Cheng-qi,WANG Xin,QIN Bin,et al.Coordinated Control of Vehicle Mounted Super Capacitor Energy Storage System and Inverter Feedback System[J].The Journal of New Industrialization,2016,6(10):10-14.
[9]李振坤,田源,董成明,等.基于随机潮流的含电动汽车配电网内分布式电源规划[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):60-66.LI Zhen-kun,TIAN Yuan,DONG Cheng-ming,et al.Distributed generators programming in distribution network involving vehicle to grid based on probabilistic power flow[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):60-66.
[10]刘志鹏,文福栓,薛禹胜,等.计及可入网电动汽车的分布式电源最优选址和定容[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(18):11-16.LIU Zhi-peng,WEN Fu-shuan,XUE Yu-sheng,et al.Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generators considering plug-in electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(18):11-16.
[11]LAM Albert,LEUNG Ka-Cheong,LI Victor.Capacity estimation for vehicle-to-grid frequency regulation services with smart charging mechanism.IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):156-166.
[12]项顶,宋永华,胡泽春,等.电动汽车参与V2G的最优峰谷电价研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):15-28.XIANG Ding,SONG Yong-hua,Hu Ze-chun,et al.Research on optimal time of use price for electric vehicle participating V2G[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):15-28.
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[14]MOSTAFA F.S,YASSER M.A,EL-SAADANY E.F.PEVs modeling and impact mitigation in distribution networks[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1122-1131.
[15]SHAABAN M,EL-SAADANY E.F.Accommodating high penetrations of PEVs and renewable DG considering uncertainties in distribution systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2014,29(1):259-270.
[16]MISRA S,BERA S,OJHA T.D2P:Distributed dynamic pricing policy in smart grid for PHEVs management[J].IEEE Trans on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2015,26(3):702-712.
[17]LOJOWSKA A,KUROWICKA D,PAPAEFTHYMIOU G,et al.Stochastic modeling of power demand due to EVs using Copula[J].IEEETrans on Power Systems,2012,27(4):1960-1968.
[18]肖峻,张泽群,张磐,等.用于优化微网联络线功率的混合储能容量优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(12):19-26.XIAO Jun,ZHANG Ze-qun,ZHANG Pan,et al.A capacity optimizaiton method of hybrid energy storage system for optimizing tie-line power in microgrids[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(12):19-26.
[19]李丰,张粒子,舒隽.考虑间歇式电源与储能的随机柔性优化调度方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,(05):1-7.LI Feng,ZHANG Li-zi,SHU Jun.A Flexible Stochastic Optimal Scheduling Approach Considering Intermittent Power and Energy Storage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):1-7.
[20]苏栗,蒋小超,王玮,等.计及电动汽车和光伏-储能的微网能量优化管理[J].电力系统自动化,2015,(09):164-171.SU Su,JIANG Xiao-chao,WANG Wei,et al.Optimal Energy Management for Microgrids Considering Electric Vehicles and PhotovoltaicEnergy Storage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):164-171.
[21]石庆均,江全元.包含蓄电池储能的微网实时能量优化调度[J].电力自动化设备,2013,(05):76-82.SHI Qing-jun,JIANG Quan-yuan.Real-time Optimal Energy Dispatch for Microgrid with Battery Storage[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(5):76-82.
[2]ARASH N,S.M.MOGHADDAS T,MOSTAFA B,et al.Optimal sizing of distributed energy resources in microgrid considering wind energy uncertainty with respect to reliability[C].IEEE International Energy Conference and Exhibition,Manama,Bahrain,2010.
[3]LIU K,SHENG W,LIU Y,et al.Optimal sitting and sizing of DGs in distribution system considering time sequence characteristics of load and DGs[J].Electrical Power and Energy Systems,2015,69:430-440.
[4]何勇,彭晓,曾丽琼,等.基于并网型微电网多级储能系统的设计[J].新型工业化,2015,5(7):64-70.HE Yong,PENG Xiao,ZEN Li-qiong,et al.A New Type of Multistage Energy Storage System Based on Grid-Connected Micro-grid[J].The Journal of New Industrialization,2015,5(7):64-70.
[5]来金钢,周洪,胡文山.微电网环境下光伏发电短期输出功率预测研究[J].新型工业化,2014,4(12):5-11LAI Jin-gang,ZHOU Hong,HU Wen-shan.Research on Short-term Output Power Prediction of Photovoltaic Generators in Microgrids[J].The Journal of New Industrialization,2014,4(12):5-11.
[6]王锡凡,邵成成,王秀丽,等.电动汽车充电负荷与调度控制策略综述[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(1):1-10.WANG Xi-fan,SHAO Cheng-cheng,WANG Xiu-li,et al.Survey of electric vehicle charging load and dispatch control strategies[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(1):1-10.
[7]胡泽春,宋永华,徐智威,等.电动汽车接入电网的影响与利用[J].中国电机工程学报,2012,32(4):1-10.HU Ze-chun,SONG Yong-hua,XU Zhi-wei,et al.Impacts and utilization of electric vehicles integration into power systems[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2012,32(4):1-10.
[8]曹成琦,王欣,秦斌,等.车载超级电容储能系统和逆变回馈系统协调控制[J].新型工业化,2016,6(10):10-14.CAO Cheng-qi,WANG Xin,QIN Bin,et al.Coordinated Control of Vehicle Mounted Super Capacitor Energy Storage System and Inverter Feedback System[J].The Journal of New Industrialization,2016,6(10):10-14.
[9]李振坤,田源,董成明,等.基于随机潮流的含电动汽车配电网内分布式电源规划[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(16):60-66.LI Zhen-kun,TIAN Yuan,DONG Cheng-ming,et al.Distributed generators programming in distribution network involving vehicle to grid based on probabilistic power flow[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(16):60-66.
[10]刘志鹏,文福栓,薛禹胜,等.计及可入网电动汽车的分布式电源最优选址和定容[J].电力系统自动化,2011,35(18):11-16.LIU Zhi-peng,WEN Fu-shuan,XUE Yu-sheng,et al.Optimal siting and sizing of distributed generators considering plug-in electric vehicles[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2011,35(18):11-16.
[11]LAM Albert,LEUNG Ka-Cheong,LI Victor.Capacity estimation for vehicle-to-grid frequency regulation services with smart charging mechanism.IEEE Trans on Smart Grid,2016,7(1):156-166.
[12]项顶,宋永华,胡泽春,等.电动汽车参与V2G的最优峰谷电价研究[J].中国电机工程学报,2013,33(31):15-28.XIANG Ding,SONG Yong-hua,Hu Ze-chun,et al.Research on optimal time of use price for electric vehicle participating V2G[J].Proceedings of the CSEE,2013,33(31):15-28.
[13]ZHANG M,CHEN J.The energy management and optimized operation of electric vehicles based on microgrid[J].IEEE Trans on Power Delivery,2014,29(3):1427-1435.
[14]MOSTAFA F.S,YASSER M.A,EL-SAADANY E.F.PEVs modeling and impact mitigation in distribution networks[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2013,28(2):1122-1131.
[15]SHAABAN M,EL-SAADANY E.F.Accommodating high penetrations of PEVs and renewable DG considering uncertainties in distribution systems[J].IEEE Trans on Power Systems,2014,29(1):259-270.
[16]MISRA S,BERA S,OJHA T.D2P:Distributed dynamic pricing policy in smart grid for PHEVs management[J].IEEE Trans on Parallel and Distributed Systems,2015,26(3):702-712.
[17]LOJOWSKA A,KUROWICKA D,PAPAEFTHYMIOU G,et al.Stochastic modeling of power demand due to EVs using Copula[J].IEEETrans on Power Systems,2012,27(4):1960-1968.
[18]肖峻,张泽群,张磐,等.用于优化微网联络线功率的混合储能容量优化方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,38(12):19-26.XIAO Jun,ZHANG Ze-qun,ZHANG Pan,et al.A capacity optimizaiton method of hybrid energy storage system for optimizing tie-line power in microgrids[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(12):19-26.
[19]李丰,张粒子,舒隽.考虑间歇式电源与储能的随机柔性优化调度方法[J].电力系统自动化,2014,(05):1-7.LI Feng,ZHANG Li-zi,SHU Jun.A Flexible Stochastic Optimal Scheduling Approach Considering Intermittent Power and Energy Storage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2014,38(5):1-7.
[20]苏栗,蒋小超,王玮,等.计及电动汽车和光伏-储能的微网能量优化管理[J].电力系统自动化,2015,(09):164-171.SU Su,JIANG Xiao-chao,WANG Wei,et al.Optimal Energy Management for Microgrids Considering Electric Vehicles and PhotovoltaicEnergy Storage[J].Automation of Electric Power Systems,2015,39(9):164-171.
[21]石庆均,江全元.包含蓄电池储能的微网实时能量优化调度[J].电力自动化设备,2013,(05):76-82.SHI Qing-jun,JIANG Quan-yuan.Real-time Optimal Energy Dispatch for Microgrid with Battery Storage[J].Electric Power Automation Equipment,2013,33(5):76-82.
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