低渗透煤储层孔隙测试技术研究进展
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摘要
低渗透煤储层具有低孔隙率、低渗透率、低压力和高非均质性的特点,导致其孔隙特征参数难以准确测试,直接影响到煤储层的评价和预测。研究表明,低渗透煤储层孔隙测试技术主要有流体渗入技术、图像观测技术、小角度X射线散射技术、核磁共振技术四大类,对各类孔隙测试技术的优缺点及适用情况进行了讨论。总结了当前低渗透煤储层孔隙测试技术存在的主要问题在于针对性不强而导致测试结果无法实现精细化、定量化,提出了下一步研究应重点加强测试技术手段的多尺度、综合化和标准化,提高测试结果的准确性和测试效率。
It is difficult to measure pore parameters because of the characteristics of low porosity,low permeability,low pressure and high heterogeneity of low permeability coal reservoir. This problem directly affects evaluation and forecast for coal reservoir. Studies have shown that fluid infiltration,image observation,small angle X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance are used to test the pore characteristics of low permeability coal reservoir. Advantages,disadvantages and conditions of each testing technique were discussed.The current major problem is that testing results of pore characteristics,for low permeability coal reservoir,can not fulfill refinement and quantification with lacking specific testing techniques. In the end,the further research was proposed,which should focus on the multiscale,comprehensive and standardized testing techniques and improve the testing efficiency.
It is difficult to measure pore parameters because of the characteristics of low porosity,low permeability,low pressure and high heterogeneity of low permeability coal reservoir. This problem directly affects evaluation and forecast for coal reservoir. Studies have shown that fluid infiltration,image observation,small angle X-ray scattering and nuclear magnetic resonance are used to test the pore characteristics of low permeability coal reservoir. Advantages,disadvantages and conditions of each testing technique were discussed.The current major problem is that testing results of pore characteristics,for low permeability coal reservoir,can not fulfill refinement and quantification with lacking specific testing techniques. In the end,the further research was proposed,which should focus on the multiscale,comprehensive and standardized testing techniques and improve the testing efficiency.
引文
[1]杜新锋.不同煤体结构煤储层煤层气排采中渗透率变化规律研究[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(6):8-11.Du Xinfeng.Study on permeability change law of coalbed methane in coal reservoir with different coal structure in drainage process[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(6):8-11.
[2]汤达祯,王生维.煤储层物性控制机理及有利储层预测方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[3]姜永东,鲜学福,宋晓,等.声震法强化煤层气高效抽采的机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
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[5]宋志敏.变形煤物理模拟与吸附—解吸规律研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.
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[7]姚艳斌,刘大锰.煤储层精细定量表征与综合评价模型[M].北京:地质出版社,2013.
[8]张文静,琚宜文,孔祥文,等.沁水盆地南部高煤级变形煤结构组成特征及其对吸附/解吸的影响[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(1):98-107.Zheng Wenjing,Ju Yiwen,Kong Xiangwen,et al.Structure and composition characteristics of deformed high-rank coals in the south of Qinshui basin and their influence on CBM adsorption/desorption[J].Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014,31(1):98-107.
[9]郑贵强.不同煤阶煤的吸附、扩散及渗流特征实验和模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[10]Wee J.H.Effect of cerium addition to Ni-Cr anode electrode for molten arbonate fuel cells:surface fractal dimensions,wettablity and cell performance[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2006,101:322-328.
[11]焦堃.煤和泥页岩纳米孔隙的成因、演化机制与定量表征[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[12]万泉,覃宗华,琚宜文,等.纳米地球化学刍析:起源、研究进展和发展方向[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2016,35(1):21-27.Wan Quan,Qin Zonghua,Ju Yiwen,et al.Nanogeochemistry:origin,recent advances and future directions[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,petrology and Geochemistry,2016,35(1):21-27.
[13]刘正.低渗透煤层微观孔隙结构研究及应用[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.
[14]严康,韦乐乐,马东民.山阳井田构造煤与原生结构煤的孔隙特征差异[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(6):26-28.Yan Kang,Wei Lele,Ma Dongmin.Differences of pore characteristics between deformed coal and undeformed coal in Shanyang mine field[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(6):26-28.
[15]许满贵,孟然,魏摇攀,等.软煤体孔隙结构及其分形特征研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2015,42(6):22-26.Xu Mangui,Meng Ran,Wei Yaopan,et al.Study on pore structure and fractal characteristics of soft coal[J].Mining Safety&Environmental Protection,2015,42(6):22-26.
[16]邱若杰.煤表面图像的优化采集及其孔、裂隙结构特征的分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[17]郭德勇,韩德馨,袁崇孚.平顶山十矿构造煤结构成因研究[J].中国煤田地质,1996,8(3):22-25.Guo Deyong,Han Dexin,Yuan Chongfu.Study on genesis of tectonic coals in No.10 Mine of Pingdingshan[J].Coal Geology of China,1996,8(3):22-25.
[18]Morga R.Changes of semifusinite and fusinite surface roughness during heat treatment determined by atomic force microscopy[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,88(4):218-226.
[19]Yao S P,Jiao K,Zhang K,et al.An atomic force microscopy study of coal nanopore structure[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(25):2706-2712.
[20]焦堃,姚素平,张科,等.树皮煤的原子力显微镜研究[J].地质论评,2012,58(4):775-782.Jiao Kun,Yao Suping,Zhang Ke,et al.An automatic force Microscopy study on"Barkinite"liptobiolith[J].Geological Review,2012,58(4):775-782.
[21]阎纪伟,要惠芳,李伟,等.μCT技术研究煤的孔隙结构和分形特征[J].中国矿业,2015,24(6):151-156.Yan Jiwei,Yao Huifang,Li Wei,et al.Pore structure and fractal characteristics of coals byμCT technology[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(6):151-156.
[22]宋晓夏,唐跃刚,李伟,等.基于显微的构造煤渗流孔精细表征[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):435-440.Song Xiaoxia,Tang Yuegang,Li Wei,et al.Advanced characterization of seepage pores in deformed coals based on micro-CT[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):435-440.
[23]张晓辉.韩城矿区构造煤孔隙结构多尺度下的精细表征[D].太原:太原理工大学,2014.
[24]张青成,王万富,左建民,等.煤岩CT图像二值化阀值选取及三维重构技术研究[J].CT理论与应用研究,2014,23(1):45-51.Zhang Qingcheng,Wang Wanfu,Zuo Jianmin,et al.CT image binarization threshold selection of coal and 3D reconstruction technology research[J].CT Theory and Applications,2014,23(1):45-51.
[25]宋晓夏,唐跃刚,李伟,等.基于小角X射线散射构造煤孔隙结构的研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):719-723.Song Xiaoxia,Tang Yuegang,Li Wei,et al.Pore structure in tectonically deformed coals by small angle X-ray scattering[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):719-724.
[26]郑庆荣,刘鸿福,李伟,等.煤孔隙结构构造变形的压汞法和小角X射线散射表征[J].中国矿业,2015,24(1):149-153.Zheng Qingrong,Liu Hongfu,Li Wei,et al.Mercury porosimetry and small angle X-ray scattering characterization tectonic deformation of pore structure in coals[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(1):149-153.
[27]姚艳斌,刘大锰,蔡益栋,等.基于NMR和X-CT的煤的孔裂隙精细定量表征[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(11):1598-1607.Yao Yanbin,Liu Dameng,Cai Yidong,et al.Advanced characterization of pores and fractures in coals by nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray computed tomography[J].Science China:Earth Science,2010,40(11):1598-1607.
[28]罗磊,汤达祯,陶树,等.准噶尔盆地东部低阶煤储层孔隙特征精细表征[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(增):168-172.Luo Lei,Tang Dazhen,Tao Shu,et al.Advanced quantitative characterization of coalbed methane reservoirs in eastern Junggar basin[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(S1):168-172.
[29]谢松彬,姚艳斌,陈基瑜,等.煤储层微小孔孔隙结构的低场核磁共振研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(增):170-176.Xie Songbin,Yao Yanbin,Chen Jiyu,et al.Research of micro-pore structure in coal reservoir using low-field NMR[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S1):170-176.
[30]Yao Y B,Liu D M,Che Y,et al.Petrophysical characterization of coals by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)[J].Fuel,2010,89(7):1371-1380.
[2]汤达祯,王生维.煤储层物性控制机理及有利储层预测方法[M].北京:科学出版社,2010.
[3]姜永东,鲜学福,宋晓,等.声震法强化煤层气高效抽采的机理[M].北京:科学出版社,2014.
[4]傅雪海,秦勇,张万红,等.基于煤层气运移的煤孔隙分形分类及自然分类研究[J].科学通报,2005,50(增1):51-55.Fu Xuehai,Qin Yong,Zhang Wanhong,et al.Natural and fractal classification of coal pores based on coalbed gas migration[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2005,50(s1):51-55.
[5]宋志敏.变形煤物理模拟与吸附—解吸规律研究[D].焦作:河南理工大学,2012.
[6]陆小霞,黄文辉,陈燕萍,等.沁水盆地南部深煤层孔隙结构特征[J].东北石油大学学报,2015,39(3):41-49.Lu Xiaoxia,Huang Wenhui,Chen Yanping,et al.Pore structure of deep coal seam in southern Qinshui basin[J].Journal of Northeast Petroleum University,2015,39(3):41-49.
[7]姚艳斌,刘大锰.煤储层精细定量表征与综合评价模型[M].北京:地质出版社,2013.
[8]张文静,琚宜文,孔祥文,等.沁水盆地南部高煤级变形煤结构组成特征及其对吸附/解吸的影响[J].中国科学院大学学报,2014,31(1):98-107.Zheng Wenjing,Ju Yiwen,Kong Xiangwen,et al.Structure and composition characteristics of deformed high-rank coals in the south of Qinshui basin and their influence on CBM adsorption/desorption[J].Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,2014,31(1):98-107.
[9]郑贵强.不同煤阶煤的吸附、扩散及渗流特征实验和模拟研究[D].北京:中国地质大学(北京),2012.
[10]Wee J.H.Effect of cerium addition to Ni-Cr anode electrode for molten arbonate fuel cells:surface fractal dimensions,wettablity and cell performance[J].Materials Chemistry and Physics,2006,101:322-328.
[11]焦堃.煤和泥页岩纳米孔隙的成因、演化机制与定量表征[D].南京:南京大学,2014.
[12]万泉,覃宗华,琚宜文,等.纳米地球化学刍析:起源、研究进展和发展方向[J].矿物岩石地球化学通报,2016,35(1):21-27.Wan Quan,Qin Zonghua,Ju Yiwen,et al.Nanogeochemistry:origin,recent advances and future directions[J].Bulletin of Mineralogy,petrology and Geochemistry,2016,35(1):21-27.
[13]刘正.低渗透煤层微观孔隙结构研究及应用[D].西安:西安科技大学,2013.
[14]严康,韦乐乐,马东民.山阳井田构造煤与原生结构煤的孔隙特征差异[J].煤矿安全,2015,46(6):26-28.Yan Kang,Wei Lele,Ma Dongmin.Differences of pore characteristics between deformed coal and undeformed coal in Shanyang mine field[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2015,46(6):26-28.
[15]许满贵,孟然,魏摇攀,等.软煤体孔隙结构及其分形特征研究[J].矿业安全与环保,2015,42(6):22-26.Xu Mangui,Meng Ran,Wei Yaopan,et al.Study on pore structure and fractal characteristics of soft coal[J].Mining Safety&Environmental Protection,2015,42(6):22-26.
[16]邱若杰.煤表面图像的优化采集及其孔、裂隙结构特征的分析[D].重庆:重庆大学,2012.
[17]郭德勇,韩德馨,袁崇孚.平顶山十矿构造煤结构成因研究[J].中国煤田地质,1996,8(3):22-25.Guo Deyong,Han Dexin,Yuan Chongfu.Study on genesis of tectonic coals in No.10 Mine of Pingdingshan[J].Coal Geology of China,1996,8(3):22-25.
[18]Morga R.Changes of semifusinite and fusinite surface roughness during heat treatment determined by atomic force microscopy[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2011,88(4):218-226.
[19]Yao S P,Jiao K,Zhang K,et al.An atomic force microscopy study of coal nanopore structure[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2011,56(25):2706-2712.
[20]焦堃,姚素平,张科,等.树皮煤的原子力显微镜研究[J].地质论评,2012,58(4):775-782.Jiao Kun,Yao Suping,Zhang Ke,et al.An automatic force Microscopy study on"Barkinite"liptobiolith[J].Geological Review,2012,58(4):775-782.
[21]阎纪伟,要惠芳,李伟,等.μCT技术研究煤的孔隙结构和分形特征[J].中国矿业,2015,24(6):151-156.Yan Jiwei,Yao Huifang,Li Wei,et al.Pore structure and fractal characteristics of coals byμCT technology[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(6):151-156.
[22]宋晓夏,唐跃刚,李伟,等.基于显微的构造煤渗流孔精细表征[J].煤炭学报,2013,38(3):435-440.Song Xiaoxia,Tang Yuegang,Li Wei,et al.Advanced characterization of seepage pores in deformed coals based on micro-CT[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2013,38(3):435-440.
[23]张晓辉.韩城矿区构造煤孔隙结构多尺度下的精细表征[D].太原:太原理工大学,2014.
[24]张青成,王万富,左建民,等.煤岩CT图像二值化阀值选取及三维重构技术研究[J].CT理论与应用研究,2014,23(1):45-51.Zhang Qingcheng,Wang Wanfu,Zuo Jianmin,et al.CT image binarization threshold selection of coal and 3D reconstruction technology research[J].CT Theory and Applications,2014,23(1):45-51.
[25]宋晓夏,唐跃刚,李伟,等.基于小角X射线散射构造煤孔隙结构的研究[J].煤炭学报,2014,39(4):719-723.Song Xiaoxia,Tang Yuegang,Li Wei,et al.Pore structure in tectonically deformed coals by small angle X-ray scattering[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2014,39(4):719-724.
[26]郑庆荣,刘鸿福,李伟,等.煤孔隙结构构造变形的压汞法和小角X射线散射表征[J].中国矿业,2015,24(1):149-153.Zheng Qingrong,Liu Hongfu,Li Wei,et al.Mercury porosimetry and small angle X-ray scattering characterization tectonic deformation of pore structure in coals[J].China Mining Magazine,2015,24(1):149-153.
[27]姚艳斌,刘大锰,蔡益栋,等.基于NMR和X-CT的煤的孔裂隙精细定量表征[J].中国科学:地球科学,2010,40(11):1598-1607.Yao Yanbin,Liu Dameng,Cai Yidong,et al.Advanced characterization of pores and fractures in coals by nuclear magnetic resonance and X-ray computed tomography[J].Science China:Earth Science,2010,40(11):1598-1607.
[28]罗磊,汤达祯,陶树,等.准噶尔盆地东部低阶煤储层孔隙特征精细表征[J].煤炭科学技术,2015,43(增):168-172.Luo Lei,Tang Dazhen,Tao Shu,et al.Advanced quantitative characterization of coalbed methane reservoirs in eastern Junggar basin[J].Coal Science and Technology,2015,43(S1):168-172.
[29]谢松彬,姚艳斌,陈基瑜,等.煤储层微小孔孔隙结构的低场核磁共振研究[J].煤炭学报,2015,40(增):170-176.Xie Songbin,Yao Yanbin,Chen Jiyu,et al.Research of micro-pore structure in coal reservoir using low-field NMR[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2015,40(S1):170-176.
[30]Yao Y B,Liu D M,Che Y,et al.Petrophysical characterization of coals by low-field nuclear magnetic resonance(NMR)[J].Fuel,2010,89(7):1371-1380.
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